艾比湖盐尘对周边地区土壤盐分及景观变化的影响

通过对准噶尔盆地西部艾比湖地区盐尘的扩散和堆积进行观测和取样分析,鉴别出粉尘中可溶盐的化学成分、pH和盐尘堆积强度,分析研究了盐尘的形成、分布特征和灾害强度以及盐尘暴与温度、降水、风等气候因子之间的相关关系.结果表明:近50 a来艾比湖的沉积环境总体是比较稳定的,但由于气候波动与人类活动引起艾比湖水位、水域面积曾发生较明显的变化,并产生了盐尘暴的发生、湖泊和土壤盐度以及湖周景观的变化.根据艾比湖周边盐漠区盐尘的时空分布规律、活动特点和危害强度分析,盐尘对准噶尔盆地西部土壤盐分及景观变化的影响强度范围和影响程度划分为3级区.     

基于GRACE-FO的微波与激光星间测距数据的重力场模型对比分析

为分析GRACE-FO微波测距系统KBR及激光干涉测距系统LRI对时变重力场结果的影响,以动力学方法为基础,分别采用KBR数据和LRI数据反演2019-01~2021-08的90阶无约束时变重力场模型APM_KBR和APM_LRI,并进行对比分析。 从重力场模型阶方差和等效水柱高的空间分布来看,在两类测距数据完整且质量较好的前提下,两者精度处于同一水平,而当发生较多月卫星机动或其他卫星事件时会使LRI数据缺失,从而导致APM_LRI模型在该月得到的等效水柱高时间序列信噪比略低。由后验残差结果可知,APM_LRI后验残差RMS比APM_KBR减少约50%,且在高频处(大于等于60 CPR)LRI的后验残差显著低于KBR。总体来说,在现有条件下,由于背景场模型等其他因素影响,两类测距数据反演重力场的阶方差和等效水柱高结果基本一致,但后验残差上LRI测距具有更低的噪声。因此,未来可直接使用LRI测距数据探测、分析较弱的地球物理信号。     

Phospholipid Compositions in Portunus trituberculatus Larvae at Different Developmental Stages

Phospholipids are used to improve the growth and survival of Portunus trituberculatus,a widely cultured crab species in China.However,only total phospholipids or several classes are applied in crab diets.In this study,we employed a targeted lipidomic method to investigate the comprehensive phospholipid composition in P.trituberculatus larvae and reveal the changing phospholipid profile over the larval development.Results showed that P.trituberculatus larvae contain 112 phospholipid species belonging to 10 phospholipid classes,in which phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)species are the most abundant,and PC,PE,phosphatidic acid,and phosphatidylserine(PS)are with high concentrations.The levels of all phospholipids significantly changed with larval development,which was highlighted by the downward parabolic changes in PE,phosphatidylglycerol,phosphatidylino-sitol,PS,lysophosphatidic acid,and sphingomyelin levels.In addition,nearly all phospholipid species were depleted at the M stage,which probably contributed to the mass mortality of crab larvae.These findings on the composition and alterations of phospholipids in P.trituberculatus larvae provide novel perspectives for the targeted supplementation of phospholipids in crab diets.Our work also highlights the use of targeted UHPLC-MS lipidomics in understanding the changes of phospholipids during crab development.     

Effect of Long-Term Low-Salinity Culture on the Survival,Growth, and Nutrient Composition of Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain

This study investigated the effects of long-term low-salinity on the growth performance,proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Scylla paramamosain.The salinity of the low-salinity-culture group(LC)and maintained-salinity-cul-ture group(MC)were set at 5 and 25 respectively.After rearing for 30 d,the survival rate(SR)of the LC group was significantly lower,whereas the average daily molting frequency(ADMF)was significantly higher than those in MC group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference for weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)between the two groups.The moisture content of the LC group was slightly higher than the MC group without significant difference.The contents of ash,crude lipid and crude pro-tein in the LC group were lower than those in the MC group,but no significant differences were found except for ash content.A total of 17 free amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified from the muscle of S.paramamosain.The total amino acids(TAA),essen-tial amino acids(EAA)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)had no significant difference between the two groups.The crabs from LC group had a significantly higher HUFA,including EPA,DHA,ARA.The percentage of n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in the LC group.These results indicated that S.paramamosain rearing at low salinity had significantly de-creased SR;however,the low-salinity environment significantly promoted the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),espe-cially the n-3 PUFA,which might be related to the osmoregulation mechanism.     

The IAMAS-CNC Early Career Scientists Nobel Prize Online Interpretation Workshop

1.Overview The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the physical understanding of complex systems(The Nobel Committee for Physics,2021).Two of the laureates,Dr.Syukuro MANABE and Dr.Klaus HASSELMANN,are climate scientists.This is the first time a climate scientist has won a Nobel Prize for physics and is thus a great encouragement to the entire climate science community,especially young scientists.Because the two winners'groundbreaking contributions that led to their award were achieved decades ago,young people may not be very familiar with these works.Therefore,to help young scientists better understand the scientific merit of the fundamental works and to inspire them in their future research careers,on 20 October 2021,the young scientist working group of The China National Committee of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS-CNC)organized an online Nobel Prize interpretation workshop.Over 400 participants attended the online workshop,and more than 120000 parti-cipants watched the replay.     

考虑流固耦合效应的单桩式海上风电机组结构响应模拟

针对海上风电整机系统,建立了一体化流固耦合分析方法。在模拟过程中,采用浸入边界法解决风机叶片旋转引起的静动干涉问题,利用改进的守恒式 level set（简称 ICLS）方法捕捉海浪自由面,并使用交错迭代法求解流固耦合方程。通过构建 “风机—塔架—基础”一体化流固耦合数值模拟方法,能够在一次仿真计算中实现海上风电整机系统的全过程数值模拟,准确求解多荷载耦合作用下“风机—塔架—基础”的整体结构动力响应。以某单桩式海上风电工程为例,验证了本方法能够实现对海上风电整体系统的一体化分析。     

略图调制系统的设计与实现

介绍了应用Visual C 6.0开发工具开发的略图调制系统,内容主要包括：开发背景、系统总体构成、主要功能和应用实例,并对一些技术要点作了原理性阐述,最后简单展望了进一步的工作。     

油气勘探中的碳酸盐岩古岩溶研究方法综述

检索了国内外相关文献,重新阐述了古岩溶的概念,同时介绍了岩溶研究进展情况。在此基础上,对国内外学者关于古岩溶研究的方法和技术手段进行总结,分析了几种主要方法的优点和不足之处,并对今后岩溶研究思路和方法提出建议。      

波浪破碎下湍流混合的实验研究

波浪破碎过程产生的湍流动量和能量垂向输运对于加快海洋上混合层中垂向混合具有显著效果。采用二维实验室水槽中对波浪破碎过程进行模拟。对采集的波浪振幅时间序列采用希尔伯特变换定位破碎波位置,波浪的破碎率随有效波高的增加而增大,波浪谱分析得到的波浪基本周期与有效周期结果相似。实验中采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)计算波浪破碎过程中湍动能耗散率的空间分布。湍流强度与波浪的相位密切相关,波峰位置处湍流活动最为剧烈,而且波峰位置处湍流混合区内湍动能耗散率量值的垂向分布基本保持不变,即出现"湍流饱和"现象,湍流影响深度可以达到波高的70%—90%。计算湍流扩散系数的垂向分布发现,湍流扩散在混合区上部随深度的增大以指数函数的形式增加,在混合区下部趋于稳定。作为对比,在相同位置处对声学多普勒流速测量仪(acoustic Doppler velocimeter, ADV)测量的单点流速做频谱分析,发现与该位置处PIV湍动能耗散率结果量级处于同一水平,进一步验证了实验结果的准确性。     

地磁绝对子夜均值年变化量空间分布特征

选用中国21个地磁基准台站2011年的绝对子夜均值数据,分析D、H、Z分量年变化量空间分布特征。结果显示,各分量年变化量等值线分布比较均匀,其中:D分量年变化量等值线大致沿南北向分布,零经线附近台站年变化量较小;H分量年变化量等值线大致呈U型分布,且中心点位于甘肃省;Z分量年变化量等值线沿纬线方向,随纬度减小而增大。