Geochemical Characteristics of Wuyang Siliceous Rocks in the Southern Margin of North China Craton and its Constraint on the Formation Environment of BIF of Tieshanmiao Formation

Precambrian banded iron formation(BIF) is one of the most important mineral resources in China, mostly abundant in the North China Craton(NCC) with relatively less common in South China. Since the BIF and siliceous rocks both originated from chemical deposition, the syngenetic BIF and Siliceous rocks can help evaluate their environment of formation. We examine here the mineralogy and geochemistry of siliceous rocks associated with the Tieshanmiao Formation BIF, aiming to decipher the conditions of formation of both BIF and Siliceous rocks in the Wuyang area in the NCC. Analysis of the geochemical characteristics of whole rock shows that the Si O2 content of the siliceous rock ranges from 90.11% to 94.85% and is relatively high overall. Trace element contents of Ba and U are also high, the Ba/Sr ratio ranges from 3.89 to 25.28 and the U/Th ratio ranges from 0.09 to 0.20. Finally, the ΣREE value of rare earth elements ranges from 57.03 ppm to 152.59 ppm, and these indexes all indicate that siliceous rock resulted from hydrothermal deposition. Plots of Al2 O3-Si O2, Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O)-Mn O2/Ti O2 and Mn-10×(Cu+Co+Ni)-Fe in discrimination diagrams also verify this interpretation. However, both the Mg O content, ranging from 0.16 to 0.32, and the Fe/Ti ratio, ranging from 2.50 to 9.72, suggest that terrigenous material was added during the depositional process. Major and trace element parameters of siliceous rock, such as the Al/(A1+Fe+Mn) ratio(from 0.81 to 0.93), Mn O/Ti O2(from 0.00 to 0.17), Al/(Al+Fe)(from 0.82 to 0.93), Sc/Th ratio(from 0.21 to 0.50), U/Th(from 0.09 to 0.20),(La/Yb)N(from 0.83 to 3.04), and the(La/Ce)N(from 0.01 to 0.02) all imply that the siliceous rock formed in a continental margin. In addition, the Sr/Ba ratio from 0.08 to 0.26, the δCe value from 0.31 to 0.90, and the δEu value from 0.14 to 0.58, all indicate that the siliceous rock was formed at a relatively deeper water depth and under weak hydrodynamic conditions. Siliceous rock and BIF formed in the same geological setting, with the Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O) ratio of siliceous rock ranging from 28.61 to 47.43, the Si O2/Al2 O3 ratio from 16.53 to 32.37, and the Si O2/Mg O ratio from 287.28 to 592.81, which are all in agreement with chemical deposition associated with volcanic eruptions. The Al2 O3/Ti O2 ratio from 37.82 to 50.30 indicates that the magma source of siliceous rock was of slightly intermediate composition. During the Late Archean in the Wuyang area, the high concentration and high purity Si O2 quickly precipitated from hydrothermal fluids to finally result in the accumulation of siliceous rock in a marginal sea, while the input corresponding to iron formation components was deposited to form iron formation layers, and limestone was only the product formed during the deposition intervals of siliceous rock and iron formations. In this study, the synsedimentary siliceous rocks of BIF act as a new way to provide direct evidence to understand the formation environment of BIF due to its high geochemical stability.     

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床成矿地质特征及其两阶段成矿过程研究——以万硐山矿段为例

滇西北衙铁金多金属矿床为西南三江富碱斑岩-多金属成矿带中南段典型矿床之一,成矿严格受富碱斑岩及其相关的深大断裂控制,伴随多期富碱斑岩脉体侵入、热液交代与围岩蚀变、矿物质富集及次生富集过程,构成了复杂的斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统和地表次生成矿系统。文章以万硐山露天采场区大比例尺地质填图为基础,重新厘定和梳理各地质体及其间相互关系,取得了万硐山矿段详细的成矿地质特征及原生矿化的两阶段成矿新认识。     

南秦岭观花坪铜银矿床地质特征及找矿标志

观花坪铜银矿床位处南秦岭成矿带中段,矿床产于下寒武-中奥陶统石瓮子组碳酸盐岩建造与中泥盆统大枫沟组碎屑岩建造"不整合接触界面"附近,区域上具明显的层控特征;但在矿区范围内,铜银矿体则严格受断裂破碎带控制,矿体均赋存于叠加在不整合面的断裂破碎带中,明显具后生成矿作用的特点。笔者通过对矿床地质特征、矿体地质特征和矿石特征的研究,结合区域地质背景的分析认为,铜银矿床为多期次多成矿阶段叠加形成的复杂矿床,特别是南秦岭华力西期与印支期—燕山期的构造-岩浆热事件与本区铜银矿床的形成关系密切。     

浙西北建德地区休宁组沉积时限的厘定:来自凝灰岩锆石U- Pb年代学的制约

浙西北建德地区休宁组(原称志棠组)是华南新元古代的重要地层单元之一,但其沉积时限和区域对比关系长期存在争论。本文对采自休宁组下部和上部的凝灰岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得两件凝灰岩样品的形成年龄分别为785.0±2.8Ma(MSWD=0.85,n=37)和727.5±7.3Ma(MSWD=0.64,n=7)。结合前人研究成果认为,休宁组沉积时限为～800Ma至～728Ma;野外沉积学研究表明,休宁组沉积构造发育,主体属于正常气候条件下的冲积扇和滨浅海(湖)沉积,非南华冰期地层;区域上,休宁组与板溪群及其相当地层的中上部、莲沱组、苏雄组/开建桥组、澄江组沉积时限基本相当,与下冰期(Sturtian冰期)长安组不存在对比关系,应明确为华南"四堡造山运动"不整合面之上、南华冰期之下的一套裂谷充填序列。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗林西组泥岩地球化学特征及构造意义

阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面以灰、灰黑、黄绿色的砂板岩组合为特征,是林西组典型剖面之一,含双壳、叶肢介、植物和孢粉化石,结合碎屑锆石年龄,时代为晚二叠世晚期。本次所研究的林西组样品以暗色泥岩为主,主量元素平均含量SiO_2=62.90%,Al_2O_3=16.85%,MgO=1.78%,CaO=1.01%,Na_2O=1.64%,K_2O=4.0%,K_2O/Na_2O为1.10～5.66;A1_2O_3/(CaO+Na_2O)比值为3.57～12.69;稀土元素ΣREE介于139.85×10~(-6)～231.65×10~(-6)之间,平均值为190.74×10~(-6),δEu值介于0.49～0.87之间,平均值为0.61,表现为铕的负异常,Ce介于0.91×10~(-6)～0.96×10~(-6)之间,为负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损,微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。以上分析表明林西组形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景。依据碎屑锆石年龄谱值信息,林西组沉积物源具多样性和复杂性,除东北各地块,同时存在华北板块和西伯利亚板块的物源信息,说明林西组沉积时期华北板块与西伯利亚板块可能已经开始俯冲过程。     

气相色谱法测试土壤中分段石油烃的标准化定量方法初探

目前土壤样品中分段石油烃的分析方法中石油烃包括的碳原子数范围和采用的校准物质不统一,造成不同实验室的量值不具有可比性。为保证不同实验室之间结果的可比性,本文尝试建立一种石油烃相邻碳原子数标准化定量方法。该方法主要包括:(1)规定了石油烃包括的碳原子数范围为气相色谱峰中正己烷和正四十碳烷之间所有的烃(含正己烷);(2)总石油烃(TPH)分为挥发性石油烃(VPH)和半挥发性石油烃(SPH),分别选取碳原子数为6～10的5个正构烷烃作为VPH校准物质,选取碳原子数为10～40的31个正构烷烃作为SPH校准物质。采用平均响应因子法或一次线性回归法,建立校准物质的峰面积-浓度的校准关系;(3)采用相邻峰标准化校准方法,逐一定量所有的目标色谱峰;(4)计算正构烷烃含量、总石油烃含量和任意分段的石油烃含量。该方法为环境样品中石油烃分析方法的标准化建设提供了数据基础。     

新疆南部皮山北环形构造——古陨石撞击的记录

环形构造中央隆起受"正花状"构造控制,具有挤压构造特征;边缘受"负花状"构造控制,形成凹陷。为了揭示皮山北环形构造的特征及成因,基于三维地震资料、岩石学结构、岩芯、岩屑地球化学分析,识别出了皮山北环形构造是一个受环形断裂控制的中央凸起,边缘凹陷构造。钻井资料揭示该地区环形构造地层岩石破碎强烈,并伴有铱(Ir)元素正异常,最高达0.41μg/g。角砾岩段发育于古近系阿尔塔什组之下,上段有异地物质充填,下段主要为原地岩石碎裂产物。与构造变形相对应,环形构造中央核部地层连续性变差,而且下古生界在中央增厚,边缘减薄;上古生界则相反,具有中央减薄,边缘增厚的特征。与世界典型撞击构造对比分析,皮山北环形构造应为陨石撞击所致,从塔西南铱(Ir)元素正异常发育层位,推断该次撞击事件应发生于白垩纪末期或更早。