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41.
1 INTRODUCTION Active oxygen free radicals can damage cell structure, even kill the cells, causing aging and cer- tain serious diseases (Bors et al., 1989). Usually, the production and scavenging of active oxygen free radicals are in balance in healthy hu… 相似文献
42.
In this paper, the equilibrium configurations of rapid rotating compact stars and some gravitational effects are studied within the general relativity by use of the Harrison-Wheeler equation of state and by the self-consistent field method. Numerical calculations show that the equilibrium configuration of a rotating star is a spheroid. For large spin velocities, say, ω > 3.0 × 102 sec−1 the eccentricity and mass increase very rapidly as the angular velocity increases, for the critical angular velocity of the rotating star, the eccentricity is about 0.7, the increase in mass is about 10–35%. The difference of the gravitational redshifts at the surface of the star caused by rotation, and the difference of the light bending when the beam moves in the direction of rotation or in the opposite direction are obvious. 相似文献
43.
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45.
Yi-Sui Sun 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1983,30(1):7-19
In this paper, using two methods: LCN'S (Lyapunov characteristic numbers) method and slice cutting method, we study numerically two mappings with odd dimension: $$T_1 :\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {x_{n + 1} = x_n + z_n ,} \\ {y_{n + 1} = y_n + x_{n + 1} , (\bmod 2\pi )} \\ {z_{n + 1} = z_n + A\sin y_{n + 1} ,} \\ \end{array} } \right. T_2 :\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {x_{n + 1} = x_n + y_n + B \sin z_n ,} \\ {y_{n + 1} = y_n + A \sin x_{n + 1} , (\bmod 2\pi ),} \\ {z_{n + 1} = z_n + B \sin y_{n + 1} ,} \\ \end{array} } \right.$$ whereA, B are parameters. For the mappingT 1 the whole region is stochastic; however, we find two-dimensional invariant manifolds for the mappingT 2. 相似文献
46.
Chang-Guk Sun Sung-Ho Chun Tae-Gyun Ha Choong-Ki Chung Dong-Soo Kim 《Computers and Geotechnics》2008,35(3):436-449
An integrated GIS-based tool (GTIS) was constructed to estimate site effects related to the earthquake hazards in the Gyeongju area of Korea. To build the GTIS for the study area, intensive site investigations and geotechnical data collections were performed and a walk-over site survey was additionally carried out to acquire surface geo-knowledge data in accordance with the procedure developed to build the GTIS. For practical applications of the GTIS used to estimate the site effects associated with the amplification of ground motion, seismic microzoning maps of the characteristic site period and the mean shear wave velocity to a depth of 30 m were created and presented as a regional synthetic strategy addressing earthquake-induced hazards. Additionally, based on one-dimensional site response analyses, various seismic microzoning maps for short- and mid-period amplification potentials were created for the study area. Case studies of seismic microzonations in the Gyeongju area verified the usefulness of the GTIS for predicting seismic hazards in the region. 相似文献
47.
Min Sun Chao Yuan Wenjiao Xiao Xiaoping Long Xiaoping Xia Guochun Zhao Shoufa Lin Fuyuan Wu A. Kröner 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(3-4):352-383
Gneissic rocks in the Chinese Altai Mountains have been interpreted as either Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks or Precambrian basement. This study reports geochemical and geochronological data for banded paragneisses and associated gneissic granitoids collected along a NE–SW traverse in the northwestern Chinese Altai. Petrological and geochemical data suggest that the protoliths of the banded gneisses were possibly immature sediments with significant volcanic input and that the gneissic granitoids were derived from I-type granites formed in a subduction environment. Three types of morphological features can be recognized in zircons from the banded gneisses and are interpreted to correlate with different sources. Zircons from five samples of banded paragneiss cluster predominantly between 466 and 528 Ma, some give Neoproterozoic ages, and a few yield discordant Paleoproterozoic to Archean ages. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that both juvenile/mantle and crust materials were involved in the generation of the source rocks from which these zircons were derived. In contrast, zircons occur ubiquitously as elongated euhedral prismatic crystals in the four samples of the gneissic granitoids, and define single populations for each sample with mean ages between 380 and 453 Ma. The general absence of Precambrian inheritance and positive zircon ?Hf values for these granitoids suggest insignificant crustal contribution to the generation of the precursor magmas. Our data can be interpreted in terms of a progressive accretionary history in early to middle Palaeozoic times, and the Chinese Altai may possibly represent a magmatic arc built on a continental margin dominated by Neoproterozoic rocks. 相似文献
48.
Hong-Fu Zhang Steven L. Goldstein Xin-Hua Zhou Min Sun Jian-Ping Zheng Yue Cai 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(3):271-293
The ages of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China and South China cratons are less well-constrained than
the overlying crust. We report Re–Os isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths entrained in Paleozoic kimberlites and Mesozoic
basalts from eastern China. Peridotite xenoliths from the Fuxian and Mengyin Paleozoic diamondiferous kimberlites in the North
China Craton give Archean Re depletion ages of 2.6–3.2 Ga and melt depletion ages of 2.9–3.4 Ga. No obvious differences in
Re and Os abundances, Os isotopic ratios and model ages are observed between spinel-facies and garnet-facies peridotites from
both kimberlite localities. The Re–Os isotopic data, together with the PGE concentrations, demonstrate that beneath the Archean
continental crust of the eastern North China Craton, Archean lithospheric mantle of spinel- to diamond-facies existed without
apparent compositional stratification during the Paleozoic. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite and pyroxenite
xenoliths, on the other hand, show geochemical features indicating metasomatic enrichment, along with a large range of the
Re–Os isotopic model ages from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic. These features indicate that lithospheric transformation or refertilization
through melt-peridotite interaction could be the primary mechanism for compositional changes during the Phanerozoic, rather
than delamination or thermal-mechanical erosion, despite the potential of these latter processes to play an important role
for the loss of garnet-facies mantle. A fresh garnet lherzolite xenolith from the Yangtze Block has a Re depletion age of
∼1.04 Ga, much younger than overlying Archean crustal rocks but the same Re depletion ages as spinel lherzolite xenoliths
from adjacent Mesozoic basalts, indicating Neoproterozoic resetting of the Re–Os system in the South China Craton. 相似文献
49.
Mauro Lo Cascio Yan Liang Nobumichi Shimizu Paul C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(1):87-102
The grain-scale processes of peridotite melting were examined at 1,340°C and 1.5 GPa using reaction couples formed by juxtaposing
pre-synthesized clinopyroxenite against pre-synthesized orthopyroxenite or harzburgite in graphite and platinum-lined molybdenum
capsules. Reaction between the clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene-rich aggregates produces a melt-enriched, orthopyroxene-free,
olivine + clinopyroxene reactive boundary layer. Major and trace element abundance in clinopyroxene vary systematically across
the reactive boundary layer with compositional trends similar to the published clinopyroxene core-to-rim compositional variations
in the bulk lherzolite partial melting studies conducted at similar P–T conditions. The growth of the reactive boundary layer takes place at the expense of the orthopyroxenite or harzburgite and
is consistent with grain-scale processes that involve dissolution, precipitation, reprecipitation, and diffusive exchange
between the interstitial melt and surrounding crystals. An important consequence of dissolution–reprecipitation during crystal-melt
interaction is the dramatic decrease in diffusive reequilibration time between coexisting minerals and melt. This effect is
especially important for high charged, slow diffusing cations during peridotite melting and melt-rock reaction. Apparent clinopyroxene-melt
partition coefficients for REE, Sr, Y, Ti, and Zr, measured from reprecipitated clinopyroxene and coexisting melt in the reactive
boundary layer, approach their equilibrium values reported in the literature. Disequilibrium melting models based on volume
diffusion in solid limited mechanism are likely to significantly underestimate the rates at which major and trace elements
in residual minerals reequilibrate with their surrounding melt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
50.
Yan Liang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(15):3804-3821
Several lines of evidence suggest that the melt generation and segregation regions of the mantle are heterogeneous, consisting of chemically and lithologically distinct domains of variable size and dimension. Partial melting of such heterogeneous mantle source regions gives rise to a diverse range of basaltic magmas. In order to better assess the role of source heterogeneity during mantle melting, we have undertaken a theoretical study of trace element distribution and fractionation during concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling, chemically heterogeneous, two-porosity double lithology melting column. Analytical solutions for the abundance of a trace element in the matrix and channel were obtained under the assumptions that the porosity, melt and solid velocities, and solid-melt partition coefficients are constant and uniform. For simplicity, we neglected diffusion and dispersion in the melt. Chemical source heterogeneities of arbitrary size and shape were integrated into the simple melting models by allowing trace element abundance in the source region to vary as a function of time and space. Concurrent melting and melt migration in an upwelling heterogeneous mantle may be approximated as a quasi-steady state problem in which time-dependent concentration patterns produced by melting of heterogeneous source regions are superimposed on a reference steady-state concentration distribution established by melting of the ambient or background mantle. Chromatographic fractionation is especially important for the matrix melt and solid when chemical heterogeneities are involved during melting and melt migration in the mantle, giving rise to significant phase-shift between two incompatible trace elements in the matrix melt and scattered correlations among incompatible trace elements in residual peridotites. Mixing is the chief mass transfer process in the dunite channel where the chromatographic effect is negligible for most of the incompatible trace elements. The lack of chromatographic fractionation among incompatible trace elements and isotopic ratios in MORB suggests either most MORB are channel melts or mixing in magma conduit and chamber is very efficient such that the phase-shift is averaged out during magma transport and storage processes. Advection brings melt produced by smaller-degree of melting in the deeper part of the melting column to the overlying melting region, increasing the incompatible trace element abundance in the matrix and the channel. This advection-induced self-enrichment is especially important when heterogeneous sources are involved and may account for some of the enriched incompatible trace element patterns observed in residual peridotite that were previously interpreted to be a result of mantle metasomatism. Systematic studies of high-resolution spatially correlated mantle samples may help to constrain the melting history and the size and nature of chemical heterogeneities in the mantle. 相似文献