The seismicity and tectonic stress field characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone before the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake

The seismicity of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinities before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake is studied.Based on the digital seismic waveform data observed from regional seismic networks and mobile stations, the focal mechanism solutions are determined.Our analysis results show that the seismicities of Longmenshan fault zone before the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were in stable state.No obvious phenomena of seismic activity intensifying appeared.According to focal mechanism solutions of ...     

建立地震前兆台同数据库的方法

介绍了SQLServer6．5数据库主要功能和常用命令,给出了前兆数据文件的类型和格式,阐述了建设前兆台网数据库的思路和方法,可供有关人员参考和借鉴。     

Mantle-derived CO_2 in Hot Springs of the Rehai Geothermal Field,Tengchong,China

Gas concentrations and isotopic compositions of He and CO2 were determined on free gas samples from ten hot springs of the Rehai geothermal field, Tengchong, China. The results showed that hot-spring CO2 gas, together with He,was derived mainly from the mantle, indicating the accumulation of mantle-derived volatiles beneath the survey area. The δ^13C values of CO2, higher than those of the typical mantle-derived carbon and the isotopic composition of hot-spring-free CO2 in unequilibrium with dissolved CO2, are recognized only in the Rehai geothermal field, suggesting that there seems to be a still-degassing magmatic intrusion at depths, which provides mantle-derived volatiles to the hydrothermal system above. The accumulation of those volatiles has probably played an important role in triggering earthquakes in this region.In addition, the isotopic characteristics of He and C also indicate that the magmatic intrusion seems to have been derived from the MORB source, and could be contaminated by crustal materials during its upwelling through the continental crust.     

Thermal Characteristics of the Embankment with Crushed Rock Side Slope to Mitigate Thaw Settlement Hazards of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Abstract: Permafrost (perennially frozen ground) appears widely in the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway and is characterized by high ground temperature (≥ ?1°C) and massive ground ice. Under the scenarios of global warming and human activity, the permafrost under the railway will gradually thaw and the massive ground ice will slowly melt, resulting in some thaw settlement hazards, which mainly include longitudinal and lateral cracks, and slope failure. The crushed rock layer has a thermal semiconductor effect under the periodic fluctuation of natural air. It can be used to lower the temperature of the underlying permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet railway, and mitigate the thaw settlement hazards of the subgrade. In the present paper, the daily and annual changes in the thermal characteristics of the embankment with crushed rock side slope (ECRSS) were quantitatively simulated using the numerical method to study the cooling effect of the crushed rock layer and its mitigative ability. The results showed that the ECRSS absorbed some heat in the daytime in summer, but part of it was released at night, which accounted for approximately 20% of that absorbed. Within a year, it removed more heat from the railway subgrade in winter than that absorbed in summer. It can store approximately 20% of the “cold” energy in subgrade. Therefore, ECRSS is a better measure to mitigate thaw settlement hazards to the railway.     

Climate Change and Its Effect on Annual Runoff in Lijiang Basin-Mt. Yulong Region,China

Based on the meteorological and hydrologic data in the Lijang(丽江) basin from 1979 to 2006,variational trend and characteristics of climate change and its effect on runoff in Yanggong(漾弓) River were examined in the study.The results show that the temperature have significantly increased in the drainage basin during the past 28 years.The average temperature increased markedly from 1979 to 2006,and the increase of temperature in winter was higher than those in other seasons.The annual precipitation varied with...     

2002年12月14日甘肃玉门5.9级地震的发震构造研究

野外调查结果表明,2002年12月14日发生在甘肃省玉门地区的5.9级地震,其宏观震中和仪器震中都位于祁连山北缘断裂上。仪器震中为39.8°N,973°E;宏观震中为397°N,973°E。震中区烈度为Ⅷ度,极震区呈长椭圆形,长轴走向N65°W,长度为15km;短轴走向N25°E,长度为12km。本次地震的发震断层应为祁连山北缘断裂内的次级断裂——旱峡-大黄沟断裂,地震为该断裂最新活动的结果     

微生物介导的土壤甲烷循环及全球变化研究

甲烷是主要的温室气体之一, 目前在大气中的含量达1.7×10-6m3·m-3, 比工业革命前增加了115%, 并以1%年增长速度稳定增长. 甲烷吸收太阳远红外光的能力比CO2高20～30倍, 对全球增温的贡献率达15%. 多年来对大气甲烷的产生、转运和循环以及调控的研究表明, 80%以上的甲烷是通过微生物的活动产生的, 一部分在进入大气前被微生物吸收利用, 这样, 大气中甲烷的净含量绝大部分是甲烷产生微生物和甲烷营养微生物相互作用的结果. 因此, 研究甲烷产生菌和甲烷氧化菌的活动规律和生态学特征, 有利于揭示微生物介导的甲烷循环过程, 并探索减排的措施. 已知有80多种甲烷产生菌和100余种甲烷氧化菌, 它们的种类和生态多样性比较广泛, 环境差异和波动影响它们的生理代谢活性, 从而导致甲烷排放的波动性和不确定性. 在未来全球变化条件下, 天然湿地作为重要的甲烷源之一, 如何响应和反馈环境的变化是研究的重点领域.     

An Improved Method Based on Shallow Ice Approximation to Calculate Ice Thickness along Flow-Line and Volume of Mountain Glaciers

To evaluate the water storage and project the future evolution of glaciers, the ice-thickness of glaciers is an essential input. However, direct measurements of ice thickness are labo-rious, not feasible everywhere, and necessarily restricted to a small number of glaciers. In this article, we develop a simple method to estimate the ice-thickness along flow-line of mountain glaciers. Different from the traditional method based on shallow ice approximation (SIA), which gives a relationship be-tween ice thickn...     

Chemical Characteristics of Snow-Firn Pack in Altai Mountains and Its Environmental Significance

In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone (3 300 m a.s.l.) of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4+>SO42->Ca2+>NO3-> Na+>Cl->K+>Mg2+. NH4+ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq·L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, an...     

俄罗斯布里亚特共和国植被NPP时空分布格局及其对气候变化的响应

研究利用遥感和气象数据以及改进后的CASA模型（生物温度代替月均温）,估算俄罗斯布里亚特共和国2000-2008年的植被NPP,并验证模型的精度,分析该地区植被NPP的时空分布格局及其对气候变化的响应规律。研究结果表明：改进后的CASA模型具较高精度,可运用于布里亚特共和国植被NPP的估算。时间上,植被NPP年际上呈现为在波动中上升的趋势,月份上表现为先升后降的单峰变化趋势;空间上,植被NPP呈现出随经度的增加而增大,随纬度的增加而减小,由西南到东北逐渐递增的分布格局;不同植被类型的NPP从大到小依此为：草地、沼泽林〉森林〉森林、草原〉稀树草原〉高山植被。该地区植被NPP的变化主要受气温和降水量变化的作用。