多通道化学传感器及其在热液喷口探测中的应用

热液喷口附近的羽状流中存在明显的化学及浊度异常，通过探测这些异常可判断是否存在热液喷口及确定喷口的具体位置。本文研制了一款可用于探测热液喷口的多通道化学传感器，该传感器具有体积小、精度高的特点，且可在4000米深海中进行工作。该化学传感器共配备五个全固态电极，一个为参比电极，其余四个为离子选择性电极，并且可根据所测量的化学离子进行更换。本文基于该化学传感器共进行了两组实验。在第一组浅海试验中，化学传感器集成了pH，Eh，CO₃^2-和SO₄^2-电极，在浅海海域中测量对应化学量，结果表明该化学传感器可在实际应用中获得高精度、稳定的测量数据。第二组实验为深海热液探测，装配了pH，Eh，CO₃^2-和H₂S电极的化学传感器在西南印度洋中脊区域的29次测线中投入使用，共获得有效数据27组。通过对测量所得到的化学量进行分析，本文提出了一种确定热液喷口的化学异常探测方法，若某时间段内Eh和H₂S的电势降低，而pH和CO₃^2-的电势上升则可判定存在化学异常。利用该方法对27组有效数据进行分析，共发现5个潜在的热液喷口。实验结果表明，该化学传感器可有效地探测由热液引起的化学异常，适用于实际热液探测中。     

Food intake rate and delivery strategy in aquaculture

In aquaculture, it is important to estimate in advance how much food cultured animals would take. The rate of food consumption by cultured animals to available food amount is defined as the food intake rate （FIR） in this paper. To some extents, FIR reflects the quality of food, the health of cultured animals and the delivery efficiency. In practice, it is difficult to estimate in advance the accurate quantity of food that cultured animal needs. Usually, food is provided more than the need by animals, causing excess food that may pollute water and environment. Our experiments in past years show that FIR at 80% is recommended.     

Base- level Chang and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lishu Fault Lacustrine Basin

Base - level is a kind of surface which controls sedimentation and erosion. So, it can be concluded that it is baselevel change that controls the formation and internal structure of a sequence. A single cycle of base- level change can generate four sets of different stacking patterns. They are two sets of aggradation, one progradation and one retrogradation, which affects the features of the internal structure of a sequence. Lishu fault subsidence of Songliao basin is a typical half - graben lacustrine basin. Comprehensive base - level change analysis indicates that six base - level cycles and their related six sequences can be recognized between T4 and T5 seismic reflection surface. The contemporaneous fault is the main controlling factor of the fault lacustrine basin. There are obvious differences exist in the composition of sedimentary systems and all systems tracts between its steep slope (the side that basin control fault existed) and flat slope. Except highstand systems tract is composed of fan delta - lacustrine system, lowstand systems tract, transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract are all made up of fan delta - underwater fan- lacustrine sedimentary systems in the side of steep slope.     

Base-level Chang and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lishu Fault Lacustrine Basin

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海蜇卵子卵径及其受精能力的初步探讨

研究观察了苗种生产过程中亲蜇产卵间隙卵巢中的卵子、自然产卵排放的卵子、受精卵的差异,结果发现其卵径依次增大,平均值依次为(74.57±1.05)、(84.22±1.13)、(92.03±1.39)μm,且非产卵时刻其卵巢中的卵子不具有受精能力,海蜇自然排放的卵子2h后亦失去受精能力。该结果表明,海蜇卵子产卵排放前须经历必要的生理转化过程才能成熟排放,具有受精能力。海蜇卵子受精后半径增大,表明海蜇卵子受精过程中亦会发生皮层反应,具体过程与机制需要进一步的研究。本文研究表明,海蜇人工授精不是可以随意进行的,应选择在海蜇自然产卵排精前后的时机及时进行。     

Research Progress on the Electrical Properties of Gas Hydrate-bearing Sediments

Electrical properties are important physical parameters of natural gas hydrate, and, specifically, resistivity has been widely used in the quantitative estimation of hydrate saturation. There are three main methods to study the electrical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: experimental laboratory measurements, numerical simulation, and resistivity logging. Experimental measurements can be divided into three categories: normal electrical measurement, complex resistivity measurement, and electrical resistivity tomography. Experimental measurements show that the resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediment is affected by many factors, and its distribution as well as the hydrate saturation is not uniform; there is a distinct non-Archie phenomenon. The numerical method can simulate the resistivity of sediments by changing the hydrate occurrence state, saturation, distribution, etc. However, it needs to be combined with X-ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other imaging techniques to characterize the porous characteristics of the hydrate-bearing sediments. Resistivity well logging can easily identify hydrate layers based on their significantly higher resistivity than the background, but the field data of the hydrate layer also has a serious non-Archie phenomenon. Therefore, more experimental measurements and numerical simulation studies are needed to correct the parameters of Archie''s formula.     

河北中山沟金矿含金石英脉中锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究

热液石英脉型金矿石中锆石可以来自围岩,也可以由热液活动形成。因此,对其研究有助于揭示成岩成矿信息。中山沟金矿位于河北省张家口—宣化(张宣)地区,主要呈石英脉型产于水泉沟岩体西段,是张宣幔枝构造核部的典型金矿床之一。本文在矿区地质特征基础上,主要开展含金石英脉内锆石形态学特征、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年以及Hf同位素研究。研究表明:石英脉内的锆石形态为自形—半自形,环带特征明显,Th/U值较高,平均0.97,具有岩浆锆石特征。锆石稀土元素含量(∑REE)为351×10^-6~976×10^-6,平均值为690×10^-6,呈现出轻稀土(LREE)亏损、重稀土(HREE)富集特征,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线总体呈现出斜率基本一致的左倾型;17个锆石U-Pb年龄数据获得391±1 Ma的谐和年龄和391±3 Ma的加权平均年龄,两组年龄在误差范围内基本一致,代表了含金石英脉中岩浆锆石的结晶年龄。11个Hf同位素测试数据获得的εHf(t)值位于-21.4~-16.6,T_DM1介于1.7~1.9 Ga,平均1.7 Ga,T_DM2主要集中于2.4~2.6 Ga,平均2.5 Ga,在Hf图解中投影点均位于亏损地幔和球粒陨石演化线之下,基本靠近2.5 Ga古老地壳的Hf同位素演化线,反应了其源区物质在地壳中平均存留的年龄。结合区域、矿区地质和实验锆石特征,本文认为中山沟金矿成矿时代不早于391±1 Ma,推测可能形成于海西早期,存在燕山期热液叠加成矿。水泉沟岩体的主成岩时代为加里东末期—海西早期。     

四川盆地埃迪卡拉晚期层序地层特征和沉积演化

近年来,在四川盆地川中古隆起和外围斜坡区埃迪卡拉晚期地层（震旦系灯影组）天然气勘探相继取得了重大发现和突破。深化埃迪卡拉晚期地层和沉积等方面研究,对四川盆地非继承性构造斜坡区灯影组勘探具有重要指导意义。综合利用地质、地球物理测井和地球化学资料,并结合前人研究成果,对川中古隆起和川北斜坡区灯影组沉积晚期地层SQ4进行IV级层序划分和对比,探讨了体系域的沉积演化。结果表明:1）SQ4可以划分为5个IV级层序。受沉积古地貌影响,川北斜坡区发育SQ4-1、SQ4-2和SQ4-3,古隆起高部位区发育SQ4-3、SQ4-4和SQ4-5;2）川北斜坡区灯影组SQ4由下向上为低位体系域和海侵体系域沉积,低位体系域为多期丘核—凝块石滩沉积演化,海侵体系域为丘间—丘核—砂屑滩—丘盖沉积演化。川中古隆起高石梯—磨溪地区SQ4由下向上为海侵体系域和高位体系域沉积,其中海侵体系域与川北斜坡区为等时沉积,高位体系域为丘间—砂屑滩—凝块石滩—丘坪沉积演化;3）川北斜坡区灯四段低位域具备形成岩性圈闭条件,其中SQ4-1、SQ4-2两套低位域面积分布大,是岩性圈闭勘探的有利区。     

河北省石家庄市藁城区富硒土壤特征、成因与生态环境健康评价

硒对人体健康有着重要影响。本文以藁城为研究区,利用HG-AFS及ICP-MS等对研究区不同介质中的硒和重金属元素含量进行测试分析,探讨了藁城土壤硒含量特征、主要成因及来源,并对该地生态环境健康进行了评价。结果表明,藁城表层土壤硒均值为0.32 mg/kg,富集系数达到1.68,在研究区南部普遍较高,约171.12 km~2达到富硒土壤标准;富硒土壤成因以人为成因为主,主要来源为燃煤和灌溉水;富硒区农产品硒含量远高于非富硒区,部分达到天然富硒食品标准,居民硒摄入量约为123.47 mg/d,处于合理水平;重金属污染程度由高到低依次为CdHgPbCuZnNiAs,单项重金属潜在生态风险评价显示Cd和Hg为主要危害元素,其余重金属潜在风险较低;重金属人体健康风险评价表明:研究区非致癌和致癌风险指数均处于安全范围内,口摄入是产生健康风险的主要途径,儿童相较于成人更易受到危害。