一次暴雨天气过程的中小尺度系统分析

利用天气图资料、自动站四要素资料,运用中尺度分析方法及Micaps预报业务平台的应用等手段,对2010年7月17-18日在河南省周口市出现的一次暴雨天气过程进行了分析.分析结果表明,120-140°E日本海高压和青海高压的长期对峙、切交线的维持、西南气流的水汽输送和辐合、西风带系统的加入是形成此次天气过程的主要原因.强...     

The sorption behavior of DDT onto sediment in the presence of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

The sorption behavior of p,p′- and o,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the presence of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on sediment was studied. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of the process. The kinetic behavior of these three chemicals on sediment was described by pseudo-second-order kinetic equations, and the isotherms followed the Freundlich model well. The presence of CTAB was able to remarkably accelerate and enhance the sorption of DDT, whereas DDT showed no effect on the sorption of CTAB in our considered concentration ranges. The thermodynamic parameters, such as standard enthalpy change (ΔH⁰), standard entropy change (ΔS⁰) and standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG⁰) showed that the sorption process of p,p′- and o,p′-DDT was physical, spontaneous and exothermic, and the randomness at the solid-liquid interface increased during the process. In the presence of CTAB, the sorption of DDT showed significantly negative ΔG⁰ and ΔH⁰ values.     

唐山地震区地壳结构和构造:深地震反射剖面结果

1976年7月28日,在唐山地区发生了7.8级大地震.为了研究该区的地壳结构和断裂的深浅构造关系,2009年,我们在唐山市南部的丰南地区,跨唐山断裂带完成了1条道间距40m、炮间距200m、50次覆盖的深地震反射探测剖面.结果表明:研究区的地壳厚度为32 ～ 34km,莫霍面自东向西逐渐加深,在丰南县和宣庄镇之间,中-...     

云南强震的水位异常指标研究

为进行强震的年度预测,采取年变化率做为水位变化参量,大于或小于一定的年变化率值即为强震异常。在研究多年的强震前地下水位异常震例的基础上,在云南3个地震区分别确定了指标观测井及其强震的预测指标：丽江地震区选择丽江井,水位异常判定指标为年变化率R临≤-1.10;楚雄地震区为大姚井,指标是R临≥0.03;滇西南地震区为双江井...     

南华北盆地晚石炭世—早二叠世层序地层学及古地理研究

南华北盆地晚石炭世—早二叠世主要为陆表海充填沉积。通过层序界面识别和层序地层划分,建立层序地层格架,将研究区晚石炭世—早二叠世地层划分为1个Ⅱ级陆表海充填层序,3个Ⅲ级层序(Sq1—Sq3),分别对应晚石炭世巴什基尔-格舍尔期、早二叠世紫松期和隆林期,同时对3个层序的特征及演化进行了分析。根据层序地层学研究对Sq1~Sq3进行古地理重建,发现陆表海充填总体上为海退序列,物源主要来自北缘阴山隆起;同时也证实了海侵转换面的存在,全球海平面上升和板缘构造运动共同塑造了南华北盆地晚石炭世—早二叠世特殊的古地理演化过程。     

湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪

湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一.本次工作利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和多接收同位素质谱(MC-ICP-MS)等技术,对湘江入湖河段沉积物进行了系统的重金属微量元素和Pb同位素分析.结果表明,湘江河床沉积物明显富集Bi、Sc、V、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Sn、Sb等多种重金属微量元素,而湖盆沉积物重金...     

低渗透油藏最小启动压力梯度实验研究

据低渗油藏渗流特点,设计"非稳态驱替-毛细管计量"与"平衡法"相结合实验测试方法,测定了新疆油田天然低渗岩心水相、束缚水下油相、两相水驱油初期最小启动压力梯度.结果表明:在油、水粘度保持不变时,油、水相及水驱油初期最小启动压力梯度与岩石气测渗透率呈幂函数关系.该测试方法能快速准确测定岩样最小启动压力,具操作简单、耗时短、数据准确、易于应用等优点.     

An Improved Method Based on Shallow Ice Approximation to Calculate Ice Thickness along Flow-Line and Volume of Mountain Glaciers

To evaluate the water storage and project the future evolution of glaciers, the ice-thickness of glaciers is an essential input. However, direct measurements of ice thickness are labo-rious, not feasible everywhere, and necessarily restricted to a small number of glaciers. In this article, we develop a simple method to estimate the ice-thickness along flow-line of mountain glaciers. Different from the traditional method based on shallow ice approximation (SIA), which gives a relationship be-tween ice thickn...     

Chemical Characteristics of Snow-Firn Pack in Altai Mountains and Its Environmental Significance

In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone (3 300 m a.s.l.) of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4+>SO42->Ca2+>NO3-> Na+>Cl->K+>Mg2+. NH4+ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq·L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, an...     

农村居民点土地整理潜力测算方法研究——以烟台市牟平区为例

以烟台市牟平区为例,选用人均建设用地标准法、户均宅基地标准法和农村居民点内部土地闲置率法3种方法,对农村居民点土地整理潜力测算方法进行了比较研究。指出农村居民点整理潜力测算方法的选择要根据测算区域内农村居民点的用地结构、发展状况等实际情况进行确定。