K-Gill:用于大气湍流测量的双螺旋桨-风标风速表

不列颠哥伦比亚大学研制的双螺旋桨-风标风速表曾成功地用于有海洋浪花存在情况下中-高风速期间大气湍流的无人自动测量。本文介绍一种新设计的双螺旋桨-风标风速表。该仪器由安装在风标上的两个Gill风速表构成。两个螺旋桨的轴一个朝上,另一个朝下,都与水平成45°角(由此以下称K-Gill)。除了具有以前设计的一些特点外,K-Gill还具有对称性,因此,能以相同的灵敏度测量上升气流和下沉气流。机内的水平传感器可用来进行倾斜订正。为了减少气流畸变,已经从装置的底座上去掉了电子仪器外壳,而且把螺旋桨安装在远离主垂直轴的地方。本文介绍了获得风速的垂直分量和顺风水平分量的算法,讨论了各种误差源和误差的大小。     

确定地震灾害的地质不确定性

为了有所益处,对工程实体的可能灾害的评价必须包括有关震源特征。诸如未来地震位置、最大地震震级、地震突发速率的地质与地震学信息。我们提出了概率法以分辩潜在震源特征,该方法明确地以不同震源特征(如最大震级和地震复发性)不确定性的度量进行不同的解释。该方法基于逻辑树的利用,并提出令人满意的且非常灵活的方法来评估各种相关联的参数并使不确定性定量化。逻辑树由码和树枝组成(如图1)。各个码代表参数几个值的一个选择,由此码出发的各树枝表示一个可能的参数值。如果所研究的问题中的变量是连续的,则可以用适当的增量离散开,逻辑树上的码排列起来可以说明参数间相关性的条阵,并提供从一般     

南印度Chitradurga绿岩层序和晚太古盆地的演化

南印度Chitradurga序列的原岩为巨厚(约10km)的火山熔岩及陆源碎屑沉积岩,其变质相为绿片岩相到低角闪岩相。在片麻岩基底上同时形成了古老的近岸克拉通边缘沉积岩序列及远岸双峰火山序列。火山岩被交代蚀变,按现在板块构造观点,常量元素、微量元素及微量元素数据难以鉴别这些变火山岩。后期粗屑浊积岩序列覆盖在这些老的沉积序列之上,没有产生明显的构造作用或侵蚀间隔。序列中所有岩石发生相似的变形,并有后期同构造花岗岩(约2.5Ga)侵入到岩层中。本文认为,在陆壳内简单的水平拗陷最初只是作为地台型沉积物被动接受区,而后在其中发育了沿张性断裂分布的一系列火山岩。该盆地的形成与应力作用并无任何关系。在众多火山岩群附近的Chitradurga盆地下陷以及片麻岩古基底的上升,则为后期的沉积岩序列的演变提供了深部构造环境,这些序列覆盖在实际上并没有变形的古老的沉积层之上。在挤压作用下,伴随后期构造作用产生的花岗岩的侵入(约2.5Ga),最终使盆地抬升,盆地也逐渐消亡了。可以说,在Chrtradurga盆地的演化过程中,以及到最终的造山运动,它与板块构造作用(威尔逊旋回的关系不明显)。     

Variations in the atmospheric electric field at tropical station during 1930–1987

The variations noticed in the atmospheric electric field recorded at Pune (18o32’N, 73o51’E, 559 m ASL), a tropi-cal inland station located in Deccan Plateau, India, during the period 1930-1987, have been examined in relation to the variations observed in the Angstrom turbidity coefficient (β) and selected meteorological parameters. The month-ly and annual mean values of the atmospheric electric field, Angstrom turbidity coefficient (β), rainfall, temperature and relative humidity for the years 1930-1938, 1957-1958, 1964-1965, 1973-1974 and 1987 were considered in the study.The results of the above study indicated gradual increases in the atmospheric electric field over the period of study (1930-1987) which is statistically significant at less than 5% level. The increases noticed during different periods varied from 30 to 109 %. The increase noticed during the period (1930-1938) and (1973-1974) was maximum (109%). The Angstrom turbidity coefficient also showed systematic increases during the period of study, which is consistent. The diurnal curve of the atmospheric electric field at the station by and large, showed a double oscillation, which is generally observed in the continental environments.     

On a Class of Solitary Wave Solutions of Atmospheric Nonlinear Equations

In this paper, an attempt is made to study some interesting results of the coupled nonlinear equations in the at-mosphere. By introducing a phase angle function ξ, it is shown that the atmospheric equations in the presence of specific forcing exhibit the exact and explicit solitary wave solutions under certain conditions.     

Relaxation Time and Conductivity at a Rural Station: Raichur

An examination of decay and growth rates of electric field near the ground during total solar eclipse of 16 February 1980 was made to study the electrical relaxation time and conductivity at Raichur. The values obtained i. e., 1320 seconds and 67.1163× 10-16 mhos m-1 of the two parameters were in fair agreement with the reported ones at the rural locations.     

大尺度季风环流的季节变化

一、经向环流 850hPa和200hPa上的逐月大尺度季风环流在早先许多研究中已有论述(如Krishnamurti,1985年)。Krishnamurti指出:东亚西南季风地面气流从5月份开始发展;并在7、8月份到达东亚最北部;9月间季风气流撤回到赤道15°以内热带深处。根据中国科学院大气物理研究所提供的10年月平均资料计算得出的结果表明,4月间垂直环流是由赤道附近和中国中部的上升运动这两种环型组成。赤道附近的上升运动可能与马来西亚半岛对流活动和降雨有联系。实际风大小