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61.
Polyphase and anticlockwise P-T evolution for Franciscan eclogites and blueschists from Jenner, California, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High-grade exotic blocks in the Franciscan Complex at Jenner, California, show evidence for polydeformation/metamorphism, with eight distinct stages. Two parallel sets of mineral assemblages [(E) eclogite, and (BS) laminated blueschist] representing different bulk chemistry were identified. Stage 1, recorded by parallel aligned inclusions (S1) of crossite + omphacite + epidote + ilmenite + titanite + quartz (E), and glaucophane + actinolite + epidote + titanite (BS) in the central parts of zoned garnets, represents the epidote blueschist facies. The onset of a second stage (stage 2) is represented by a weak crenulation of S1 and growth of garnet. This stage develops a well-defined S2 foliation of orientated barroisite + epidote + titanite (E), or subcalcic actinolite + epidote + titanite (BS) at c. 90d? to S1, with syntectonic growth of garnet, defining the (albite-)epidote-amphibolite facies. A third stage, with aligned inclusions of glaucophane + (subcalcic) actinolite + phengite parallel to S2 in the outermost rims of large garnet grains, is assigned to the transitional (albite-)epidote-amphibolite/(garnet-bearing) epidote blueschist facies. The fourth stage represents the peak metamorphism, and was identified by unorientated matrix minerals in the least retrograded samples. In this stage the mineral assemblages garnet + omphacite + glaucophane + phengite (E) and garnet + winchite + phengite + epidote (BS) both represent the eclogite facies. Stage 5 is represented by the retrogression of eclogite facies assemblages to the epidote blueschist facies assemblages crossite/glaucophane + garnet + omphacite + epidote + phengite (E), and glaucophane + actinolite + epidote + phengite (BS), with the development of an S5 foliation subparallel to S2. Stage 6 represents a crenulation of S5, with the development of a well-defined S6 crenulation cleavage wrapping around relics of the eclogite facies assemblages. This crenulation cleavage is further weakly crenulated during a D7 event. Post-D7 (stage 8) is recorded by the growth of lawsonite + chlorite ± actinolite replacing garnet, and by veins of lawsonite + pumpellyite + aragonite and phengite + apatite. The different, yet coeval, mineral parageneses observed in rock types (E) and (BS) are probably due to differences in bulk chemistry. The metamorphic evolution from stage 1 to stage 8 seems to have been broadly continuous, following an anticlockwise P-Tpath: (1) epidote blueschist (garnet-free) to (2) (albite-)epidote-amphibolite to (3) transitional epidote blueschist (garnet-bearing)/(albite-)epidote-amphibolite to (4) eclogite to (5) epidote blueschist (garnet-bearing) to (6-7) epidote blueschist (garnet-free) facies to (8) lawsonite + pumpellyite + aragonite-bearing assemblages. This anticlockwise P-T path may have resulted from a decreasing geothermal gradient with time in the Mesozoic subduction zone of California at early or pre-Franciscan metamorphism. 相似文献
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63.
Hydrothermal investigation of the bulk composition CaO.Al2O3.4SiO2+excessH2O has been conducted using conventional techniques over thetemperature ranges 200450 °C and 5006000 barsPfluid. A number of reactions have been studied by employingmineral mixtures consisting of reactants and products in about9: 1 and 1: 9 ratios. The phase relations were deduced fromrelatively long experiments by observing which seeded assemblagedisappeared or decreased markedly in one of the paired run charges. Laumontite was synthesized in the laboratory, probably for thefirst time. Laumontite was grown from seeded wairakite to over99 per cent using a weak NaCl solution. The refractive indicesof the synthetic material are about = 1.504 and = 1.514. Theaverage unit cell dimensions are a0 = 14.761±0.005 Å;b0 = 13.077±0.005 Å; c0 = 7.561±0.003 Å;and ß = 112.02°±0.04°. Within the errorof measurement, the optical properties and cell parameters arein good agreement with those of natural laumontite. The equilibriumdehydration of laumontite involves two reactions: (1) laumontite= wairakite+2H2O, passing through about 230 °C at 0.5 kb,255±5 °C at 1 kb, 282±5 °C at 2 kb, 297±5°C at 3 kb and 325±5 °C at 6 kb; and (2) laumontite= lawsonite+2 quartz+2H2O, taking place at about 210 °Cat 3 kb and 275 °C at 3.2 kb. Above 300 °C, the equilibriumcurve for the solid-solid reaction (3) lawsonite+2 quartz =wairakite passes through 305 °C, 3.4 kb and 390 °C,4.4 kb. Equilibrium has been demonstrated unambiguously forthe above three reactions. The hydrothermal decomposition ofnatural laumontite above its own stability limit appears tobe a very slow process. Combined with previously published equilibria determined hydrothermallyfor wairakite, the phase relations are further investigatedby chemographic analysis interrelating the phases, laumontite,wairakite, lawsonite, anorthite, prehnite+kaolinite, and 2 pumpellyite+kaolinitein the system CaAl2Si2O8-SiO2-H2O. This synthesis allowed theconstruction of a semiquantitative petrogenetic grid applicableto natural parageneses and the delineation of the physical conditionsfor the various low-grade metamorphic facies in low µCO2environments. The similar stratigraphic zonations, consistentlyfound in a variety of environments, are recognized to be a functionof burial depth, geothermal gradient, and mineralogical andchemical composition of the parental rocks. Departures fromthe normal sequences are believed to be due to the combinationsof mineralogical variations, availability of H2O, differencesin the ratio µCO2/µH2O, and the rate of reaction.The possible P-T boundaries for diagenesis, the zeolite facies,the lawsonite-albite facies, the prehnite-pumpellyite facies,and the adjacent metamorphic facies are illustrated diagrammatically. 相似文献
64.
中国大陆科学钻探工程预先导孔CCSD-PP1中存在两类不同性质的花岗质片麻岩,它们的岩相学性质,地球化学特征,锆石中的包体矿物组合和分布规律以及阴极发光图像均存在明显的判别,其中第一类花岗质片麻岩中的锆石呈完好的自形晶,不含任何超高压矿物包体,自晶体中心至边缘均具有典型的岩浆结晶生长环带,表明该类花岗质片麻岩未经历超高压变质作用,第二类花岗质征麻岩中的锆石呈半自形晶一它形晶,晶体核部保存典型的岩浆结晶生长环带,且无超高压矿物包体,具有继承性锆石的特点,而在晶体的过渡带及其与边缘的交界部位,普遍存在以柯石英粉 包体矿物,表明第二类花岗质片麻岩曾经历了超高压变质作用,且锆石在此变质过程进一步结晶生长,形成新的生长环带,该项成果对于深入探讨苏鲁超高压变质带的俯冲-折返机制及其与岩浆作用的相互关系以及对中国大陆科学钻探工程的选址和实施有着重要的科学意义。 相似文献
65.
WU Cailai Jone WOODEN YANG Jingsui LI Haibing Trevor IRELAND LIOU June Guang Wan Yusheng Shi Rendeng Institute of Geology CAGS Beijing Department of Geology Stanford University Stanfor CA - USA 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(1):118-125
Zircon SHRIMP ages of the Aolaoshan granite on the south margin of the Qilian Mts. range from 445±15.3 to 496±7.6 Ma (averaging 473 Ma), belonging to the Early Ordovician. Geochemically, the granite is similar to I-type granite and, tectonically, was formed in an island-arc environment based on relevant diagrams for structural discriminations. Considering also the regional geology, the authors suggest that the granite is part of an ultrahigh-pressure belt on the south margin of the Qilian Mts. and that its formation bears a close relationship to this belt. 相似文献
66.
Hydrothermal synthesis and investigations of stability relationsof MgAl pumpellyite were conducted using high-pressurecold-seal apparatus over the temperature range 250600°C and 28 kb Pfluid. MgAl pumpellyite Ca4Al5MgSi6O21(OH)7was synthesized from partially crystalline gel mixtures of stoichiometriccomposition at 275410 °C, 69 kb Pfluid, andruns of 790 days. Pure monomineralic synthetic MgAlpumpellyite has refractive index nß = 1.624 (2) andcell dimensions = 8.825 (8) Á, b = 5.875 (5) Á,c = 19.10 (1) Á, and ß = 97.39 (7)°. The high temperature assemblage of the equivalent bulk compositionconsists of clinozoisite, hydrogrossular/grossular, aluminousseptechlorite/chlorite, quartz, and H2O. Hydrogrossular wassynthesized in the presence of quartz at 8 kb from 400500°C, and hydrogrossular + quartz are unstable with respectto grossular + H2O at 400 °C and 8 kb Pfluid. At 8 kb Pfluid,aluminous septechlorite forms at temperatures below 500 °Cwhereas aluminous 14 Á chlorite crystallizes at 500600°C. The equilibrium relations of MgAl pumpellyite were determinedusing subequal mixtures of synthetic MgAl pumpellyiteand its high temperature assemblage. The reaction 9 MgAlpumpellyite = 9 clinozoisite + 6 grossular + 2 chlorite + 4quartz + 19 H2O occurs at temperatures of 390 °C at 8 kb,368 °C at 5 kb, and near 325 °C at 2 kb Pfluid. Thereversal data yield an approximate value of 3141 joules/mole°K for the standard entropy of formation for the syntheticMgAl pumpellyite. The Schreinemakers' relations for pumpellyite, prehnite, clinozoisite,tremolite, grossular, and amesite in the presence of excessquartz and fluid were constructed in the pseudo-ternary systemCaOAl2O3MgO(SiO2H2O). The results, togetherwith reconnaissance experiments on the reaction 4 MgAlpumpellyite + 2 quartz = 8 prehnite + aluminous septechlorite+ 2 H2O, locate the invariant point [TR] at approximately 5.7kb Pfluid and 375 °C. The results of the present study arenot compatible with previous experimental data on the invariantpoint [GR]. The PT oriented phase relations are used to interpretsome natural parageneses developed in low-grade metabasalticrocks recrystallized under conditions of low co2. The high-temperaturestability relations of MgAl pumpellyite are useful todenote the onset of greenschist facies metamorphism in rocksof basaltic composition. 相似文献
67.
68.
塔里木盆地和田河地区上奥陶统礁滩沉积体地震识别及其发育分布规律 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用研究区钻井、测井和地震资料,通过良里塔格组礁滩组合体的地震地层学研究,总结出礁滩发育带的地震地质综合识别标志、初步圈定了分布范围,并建立退积式发育模式,进一步探讨构造古隆起、坡折带与礁滩发育带的关系及其发育分布规律。研究区碳酸盐岩台地及礁滩复合体的发育分布主要受古隆起控制,总体上呈北东向展布,内部发育北东、北西两个受局部隆起构造带控制的礁滩沉积相带,其中北东向浅滩发育带规模较大,向东延伸至塔中古隆起;受晚奥陶世早期持续海进影响,浅滩相带向古构造隆起顶部退积,平面分布范围向上缩小,良里塔格组中下部礁滩较发育,上部几乎不发育;由于研究区台地边缘带构造坡折幅度小,根据地震识别的礁滩沉积复合体可能主要是粒屑滩,台缘生物礁相对不发育。 相似文献