Research on China export structure adjustment: an embodied carbon perspective

This paper calculated the embodied carbon in China export and its distribution in each industrial sector. The calculation results showed the total carbon emission of export experienced an increase before 2007 and then a decrease till 2010. The ratio of export embodied carbon accounting for the total carbon emission in China also increased from 31 % in 2002 to 52 % in 2007 and then declined to 40 % in 2010. As for distribution, the export embodied carbon emission of the following industries such as machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal products manufacturing industry, chemical industry, textile, clothing and leather products manufacturing industry ranked the highest. According to the calculation and analysis of the main driving factors of embodied carbon growth, we analyzed the structure effect, scale effect and technological effect’s influence on embodied carbon growth, respectively. We also calculated the trade competitiveness index of 17 export industries. Through research, we found that the products with strong international competitiveness belong to high-carbon-emission categories, which was the main reason of high carbon emission in China export. Finally, we proposed related policy suggestions to promote China’s export trade structural readjustment and optimization and China’s low carbon development in export.

     

饱和混凝土单轴拉伸动态统计损伤本构模型

饱和混凝土中孔隙自由水的存在对材料的力学性能有显著的影响,动态工况中主要表现为自由水的粘性效应,且该效应随细观损伤引起的微裂纹密度的改变而变化。本文结合太沙基“有效应力原理”,建立了饱和混凝土考虑动态应变率效应的单轴拉伸统计损伤模型,将材料宏观力学性能同细观损伤机理有机地结合起来,综合考虑了动态条件下惯性效应和自由水粘性效应的影响,认为材料自身的惯性效应引起材料破坏形态以及细观损伤演化过程的改变;水的粘性效应则调整了混凝土基体的受力状态。通过算例和试验结果比较,表明该模型可预测等应变率加载情况下饱和混凝土材料均匀损伤阶段的动态拉伸本构行为,形象地描述了饱和混凝土材料动态损伤演化机制。     

西昌发射场及川西南地区闪电气候研究

通过对西昌发射场及川西南地区１９９９４年至１９９８年的交汇云地闪探测资料进行详细分析,得出了该地区闪电强度和回击数的气候概率分布,闪电的日变化、年变化和「空间分布的气候规律,并将所得结果与我国京津冀地区的闪电气候特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,闪电的气候特征可以揭示特定地区对流活动的空分布的气候规律。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子长油田长6储层油水分布规律及主控因素分析

利用岩芯、录井和测井等基础资料,对子长地区长6储层沉积相演化特征进行研究,分析油水层的分布规律及控制油水分布的主控因素。研究结果表明,控制研究区油水层分布的因素较多,但主要受沉积相、优质储层、鼻状隆起构造、区域盖层、运移通道等因素的控制。其中,沉积微相砂体展布特征、储层物性及鼻状隆起是制约油水分布的主要原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部下古生界山西组流体包裹体测温及其反映的成藏史

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国第二大沉积盆地,盆地研究程度已经较高,利用包裹体测温技术对鄂尔多斯盆地东部下古生界山西组进行研究,通过镜下分析,观察薄片所反映的成岩序列以及有机包裹体同期的盐水包裹体均一温度研究成藏时代。通过实验得出,研究区山西组均一温度主要分布在70℃～160℃,其峰值温度应为120℃～130℃。对比研究区的热史可以得出研究区山西组油气充注时间主要是晚侏罗世末期至早白垩世早期(150～130Ma)。     

基于地形的福建省太阳辐射模拟计算及评估

取分布式模拟方法,利用福建省69个气象站1971—2007年日照资料及100 m×100 m分辨率的高程数据,计算了福建省范围内历年1—12月的太阳辐射量.结果表明,福建省年太阳总辐射主要在3 800~5 300 MJ/m2之间,年太阳直接辐射在1 800~2 800 MJ/m2之间;月太阳辐射介于230~590 MJ/m2之间,其中6—9月为一年中辐射较高的4个月份.太阳辐射的高值区主要位于福建东南部的莆田、泉州、厦门、漳州4市的沿海一带,年太阳总辐射超过4 500 MJ/m2,年太阳直接辐射超过2 100 MJ/m2.此外,受地形及地表特征的影响,位于福建北部的南平市的部分地区太阳辐射也相对较高.     

Mechanism and comprehensive countermeasure for drought management from the view of catastrophe theory

Drought is one of the major disasters around the world which cause great social and economic hardship. Recent events of severe droughts have motivated comprehensive research on drought management in China like many other countries of Asia, Europe and Africa. In this paper, the mechanism of drought management has been analyzed in light of water supply and water demand management considering water shortage as an inductor of drought. Catastrophe theory has been proposed to explain transitions through discontinuities and unexpected changes in water system. The study indicates that supply management can increase water supply; however, in long term, it may not be sustainable for drought mitigation. Water demand management, on the other hand, improves water use efficiency with less investment. Therefore, the study emphasizes water demand managements for drought management under future changing scenarios.     

2MASS的科学意义和成果概览

2MASS(Two Micron All Sky Survey)以相当高的内部一致性和精确度在近红外波段对整个天空进行了巡天观测，并通过数据处理把原始数据转变为对天文学有用的图像、星等和位置的列表。较详细介绍了2MASS的科学意义、巡天成果、数据特征以及利用2MASS观测数据所开展的部分工作。     

西北太平洋季风槽异常与热带气旋活动

在普查1979-2005年热带气旋(TC)个例的基础上,建立了生成于西北太平洋季风槽的热带气旋(简称MTTC)序列,统计发现1979-2005年的5-10月南海和西太平洋TC总频数为672个,其中MTTC频数为491个,占总频数的73.1%,占登陆我国TC频数的79.2%,可见,MTTC的活动规律反映了西太平洋TC以及影响我国TC的主要活动规律.分析了逐日环流场,将季风槽分为5种主要形态:南海季风槽型、南海-西太平洋季风槽型、反向季风槽型、三气流型和西太平洋季风槽型.根据每年5-10月的季风槽、副高以及越赤道气流等系统的强弱和位置,将1979-2005年分为4种年型:季风槽西南型、西北型、偏东型和正常年型,针对前3种季风槽异常年型,诊断分析了有利于TC形成的海温场、大尺度环流场、水汽输送、大气视热源和视水汽汇以及纬向风垂直切变的特征,发现不同季风槽年型,由于太平洋海温场的差异,引起哈得来环流和Walker环流的差异以及西太平洋副高、南亚高压等大尺度系统位置以及越赤道气流强度的差异,导致有利于TC生成的热力条件、动力条件和环境条件的不同,致使MTTC生成位置、频数、路径以及在我国的登陆点有着显著差异.     

Non-Linear Response of Tethers Subjected to Parametric Excitation in Submerged Floating Tunnels

For the study of the non-linear response of inclined tethers subjected to parametric excitation in submerged floating tunnels,a theoretical model for coupled tube-tether vibration is developed.Upon the assumption that the static equilibrium position of the tether is a quadratic parabola,the governing differential equations of the tether motion are derived by use of the Hamilton principle.An approximate numerical solution is obtained by use of Galerkin method and Runge-kutta method.The results show that,when the static equilibrimn position of the tether is assumed to be a quadratic parabola,the tether sag effect on its vibration may be reflected;the tether sag results in the asymmetry of tether vibration amplitude;for the reduction of the tether amplitude,the buoyant unit weight of the tether should approach to zero as far as possible during the design.