具身视域下的地图教学

地图是地理学独特的语言,是认知地理空间事象的重要工具。地理教学中常以地图作为最有效的信息传达工具,各种各样的图是地理理论和地理知识的“图说”。阅读地图在地理学习中司空见惯,但从具身视域阅读地图却是一个全新的领域。本文重点探讨基于具身理论进行地图空间分析和地图教学的主要方法。     

干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀特征及参数化研究进展

干旱半干旱地区是中国的农业后备战略基地,然而近年来该地区农田土壤风蚀现象严重,沙/尘释放量显著增大,威胁农业的可持续发展和生态系统平衡。目前绝大部分的天气和气候模式仅考虑了沙漠地表起沙,忽视退化农田的土壤风蚀起沙,导致起沙通量模拟存在很大的不确定性。对20世纪50年代以来干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀起沙特征及参数化做了详细的分析总结,回顾并梳理了干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀观测和数值模拟的研究脉络以及存在的问题,为提高农田起沙的模拟精度提供了有效参考,对中国干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀防治、土地荒漠化治理以及理解未来土地利用改变对大气污染的影响具有重要意义。     

Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the Hengshan–Wutai–Fuping region, North China Craton

An arguable point regarding the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of the North China Craton（NCC）is whether the tectonic setting in the central belt during the mid-Paleoproterozoic（2.35-2.0 Ga）was dominated by an extensional regime or an oceanic subduction-arc regime.A review of the midPaleoproterozoic magmatism and sedimentation for the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping region suggests that a back-arc extension regime was dominant in this region.This conclusion is consistent with the observation that the 2.35-2.0 Ga magmatism shows a typical bimodal distribution where the mafic rocks mostly have arc affinities and the acidic rocks mainly comprise highly-fractioned calc-alkaline to alkaline（or A-type）granites,and that this magmatism was coeval with development of extensional basins characteristic of transgressive sequences with volcanic interlayers such as in the Hutuo Group.Although the final amalgamation of the NCC was believed to occur at ～1.85 Ga,recent zircon U-Pb age dating for mica schist in the Wutai Group suggests a collisional event may have occurred at ～1.95 Ga.The metamorphic ages of ～1.85 Ga,obtained mostly from the high-grade rocks using the zircon U-Pb approach,most probably indicate uplifting and cooling of these high-grade terranes.This is because（i）phase modeling suggests that newly-grown zircon grains in highgrade rocks with a melt phase cannot date the age of peak pressure and temperature stages,but the age of melt crystallization in cooling stages;（ii）the metamorphic P-T paths with isobaric cooling under 6-7 kb for the Hengshan and Fuping granulites suggest their prolonged stay in the middle-lower crust;and（iii）the obtained metamorphic age data show a continuous distribution from 1.95 to 1.80 Ga.Thus,an alternative tectonic scenario for the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping region involves：（i）formation of a proto-NCC at ～2.5 Ga;（ii）back-arc extension during 2.35-2.0 Ga resulting in bimodal magmatism and sedimentation in rifting basins on an Archean basement;?     

基于社交媒体的森林火灾舆情信息脉动分析

2019年和2020年四川省发生了两起大型森林火灾,受到政府高度重视,也在网络上引发了广泛讨论.为了呈现森林火灾后微博文本中蕴含的舆情信息,有效地了解舆情,掌握规律,对四川凉山前后两起重特大森林火灾发生后的舆情进行了数据挖掘和对比分析.使用核密度、地理探测器方法对两起森林火灾舆情时空扩散和空间分异进行了研究,使用LDA主题提取模型、朴素贝叶斯、词云方法对两起火灾舆情进行主题提取、情感分析和可视化表达.研究结果表明:时空扩散和主题分布上,四川省两起重大森林火灾舆情具有较强相似性;空间分异上,两起火灾舆情空间分异与区域经济发展水平显著相关;情感演变上,重复发生同类灾害事故对于网民的情绪冲击明显.     

山东省近岸海域沉积物类型及变化趋势

文章依据山东省近岸海域表层沉积物调查资料,分析了沉积物粒度的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:2020年,山东省近岸海域表层沉积物粒径总体呈由近岸向远海逐渐变小的趋势,其中,粉砂含量最高,平均66.45%;砂次之,平均26.78%;黏土含量较低,平均6.77%。沉积物不同粒级组分具有明显的空间分布差异性,类型包含粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂,以粉砂为主,占调查站位的61.9%。2016—2020年,山东省近岸海域表层沉积物整体呈现粗化的趋势,其中,日照、青岛、潍坊和滨州近岸海域粗化趋势较为明显,东营次之,烟台和威海粗化程度最低。沉积物粒度时空特征的主要影响因素包含物源、区域水动力条件(如,渤海和黄海海流、山东省沿岸流等)及沿海海岸工程建设情况,具体的影响机制仍需进一步调查研究。本研究成果可以为山东省近岸海域底质类型变化分析和海岸带保护与利用提供参考。     

黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

报导了黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,以限定该区花岗闪长斑岩的形成时代及其构造属性。花岗闪长斑岩中的锆石多呈自形-半自形晶,振荡环带发育,Th/U值主要为0.31～1.23,指示其岩浆成因。对岩浆锆石的定年结果表明,这些花岗闪长斑岩均形成于晚白垩世（90.2～94.8 Ma）,而非前人认为的晚印支期。结合研究区及其邻区同时代火成岩的组合特征和古太平洋板块的构造演化历史,认为黑龙江省东北部街津口-抚远地区晚白垩世花岗闪长斑岩形成于古太平洋板块向东亚大陆俯冲的构造背景,该期岩浆事件标志着古太平洋板块正向俯冲作用的开始。     

一次暴雪天气的数值模拟及诊断分析

采用MM5中尺度数值模式对河南省2006年1月18-19日的暴雪天气过程进行了数值模拟,利用模式输出的时空分辨率较高的资料.对此次降雪的水汽条件、温度条件、不稳定条件、风场等进行了分析.结果表明:中低层水汽的辐合作用是暴雪天气发生的必不可少的条件;河南省上空逆温层的上界对应西南气流,下界对应东北气流,这种流场配置对降雪最有利;高低空急流的稳定维持使高低空急流产生两个独立的次级环流,在高空急流出口区,间接环流的北部形成辐合上升气流,十分有利于降水天气的发生发展;总螺旋度的变化对降雪的强度变化有一定的指示意义;对湿位涡这一物理量的分析发现,与暴雨过程中起主导地位的MPVl不同,MPV2在这次降雪过程中作用大于MPVl.     

我国国家海洋资源资产负债表编制研究

文章在详述海洋资源资产负债表编制思路的基础上,明确界定海洋资源资产和负债等概念的涵义,结合现有研究成果,采用实物量和价值量分列计量的方式构建我国国家海洋资源资产负债表,以期为摸清海洋资源资产家底和海洋资源管理改革提供支持,并助力完善我国自然资源资产负债表和国家资产负债表的编制。     

Miniature LVDT setup for local strain measurement on cement-treated clay specimens

ABSTRACT

Miniature submersible linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is commonly used for small strain stiffness measurement. However, it has not been widely used on cement-treated clays. This paper proposes a method of installing and setting up submersible LVDT to minimize testing problems and errors for cement-treated clays. In soft clay testing, the LVDT mount can be anchored to the specimen by pressed-in anchor pins or rods. However, this cannot be done on cement-treated clay due to the latter’s hardness. Preliminary trials also indicate that direct attachment of the LVDT mounts to the membrane without anchor pins is not feasible owing to the tendency of the LVDT to tilt and detach from the specimen. The system adopted involves pre-casting holes for the insertion of anchor pins during placement of the admixture into the moulds. The diameter of the anchors pins was found to have significant effect on the results; smaller diameter pins give more consistent results with those of resonant column and bender element tests. This can be attributed to the effect of stress concentration around the anchor pins. The results showed that, used appropriately, submersible LVDTs can give small strain measurements which have a high degree of inner consistency with results from resonant column and bender element tests.     

城市行道树绿视量指数研究

本文立足于街道景观视觉质量定量研究不足,以行人的视觉感受为出发点,创新性地提出一种用于衡量城市行道树的绿量可视性的绿视量指数。该方法通过模拟人眼视野范围内周围树木的真实场景,定量描述了行人视角下所能捕获的行道树绿色面积,以及这种目视接触概率的空间分布差异。研究结果表明：对于复杂的城市街道景观,绿视量指数能够很好地反映出行道树的空间分布、树冠三维结构、建筑物遮挡、以及观察距离对行人感知城市绿量产生的影响。本方法充分利用多源信息,基于计算机的自动解译,实现了街道场景内任意位置的绿视量高精度计算,大大降低了人力成本,可用作大范围多区域间的对比评价。研究成果证实了多源遥感数据在评价道路绿化景观视觉效果上的有效性,可为环境规划设计、绿化精细化管理、人居环境改善提供技术支撑。