渤海湾海水光谱特性的数值分析

自然界各种物体，都有表征其自然属性的光谱特性。地物的光谱特性是遥感图象定性判读的依据之一，它作为一种遥感信息也直接用于定量测定和制图。 海水中悬浮物质的数量和性质影响海水的颜色和海水的光谱特性。反之，根据海水的光谱特性可以测定水中悬浮物质的数量和性质。1974年， S. D. Duntley首先从海洋叶绿素的光谱效应，提出根据海水的光谱反射率曲线，用卫星传感器测定水中叶绿素a 浓度的理论。1978年， R. W. Johnson 建立了航空遥感的光谱数据与沿岸带海洋叶绿素a 浓度之间的数学关系，并绘制了叶绿素a的分布图。1979年， R. W. Johnson建立了光谱数据与悬浮泥沙含量之间的数学关系，并绘制了悬浮泥沙的定量分布图，等等。本文的目的即是要建立一种方法，用国产101W光谱辐射计记录的遥感数据，计算海域悬浮泥沙、叶绿素a 浓度、水色等水质参数。 1980年5月16日至19日，由中国科学院组织，有中国科学院海洋研究所、国家海洋局第一海洋研究所、第二海洋研究所、交通部天津水运科学研究所、水利部天津水利科学研究所等单位参加，在天津塘沽的海河和蓟运河口进行津、渤地区第一次环境污染航空遥感监测联合试验。在此次试验中用机载101W光谱辐射计记录海水的光谱辐射曲线，作者以此计算海水的光谱反射率曲线，用逐次回归分析法建立海洋实测数据(悬浮泥沙、叶绿素a浓度、水色等)与海水光谱反射率数据之间的数学关系。实验基本是成功的，由回归方程计算的结果与海洋实测数据之间的相关系数约为0.7。如果对研究海域的每一个子域的辐射值作光谱扫瞄，作出定量的分布图也是可行的。     

FURTHER ANALYSES OF THE STRUCTURE OF TYPHOON NO.7507 Ⅰ. KINEMATICAL FIELDS

By utilizing the denser upper-air observations from the Okinawa region and the Japanese islands during August 17-23, 1975, the structure of Typhoon 7507 formed in this area has been analysed. It has been indicated that the cyclonic tangential wind maximum occurred in the eastern sector of the typhoon and the strongest inflow occurred in the southern portion of the typhoon about 150 km away from the typhoon centre. There was a deep inflow layer below the 300 hPa level. The anticyclonic outflow was the strongest at 150 hPa and was located in the NE quadrant of the typhoon. The convergence mainly took place in the southern part of the typhoon, while the divergence occurred at the lower and middle levels in the northern sector of the typhoon. The pattern of vorticity and vertical motion field were characterized by the similar asymmetry.     

珠江口硒的形态分布特征

硒属于硫族元素,在化学和生物化学性质上,硒与硫、碲相似.它和砷一样也是一种类金属物质.硒广泛存在于自然界中,岩石、土壤、沉积物、水体、生物体以及大气环境都含有不同程度的硒.硒是生物必需的一种微量元素,一方面表现出重要的生物功能,另一方面在较高浓度下也表现出毒性,摄入过多可导致动物和人硒中毒[1].在陆源硒向海洋的输送中河流占重要贡献,河流可能是溶解硒输入海洋的主要来源[2,3].河口区是陆地径流与海水相互混合的地带,其中发生的反应直接影响元素的入海通量,因此研究河口化学元素的行为对估计河流向海洋的输入及建立全球生物地球化学循环模型有十分重要的意义.     

The importance of extratropical and tropical cyclones on the short-term evolution of barrier islands along the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA

Data are presented indicating the complexity and highly variable response of beaches to cold front passages along the northern Gulf of Mexico, in addition to the impacts of tropical cyclones and winter storms. Within the past decade, an increase in the frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes impacting the northern Gulf has dramatically altered the long-term equilibrium of a large portion of this coast. A time series of net sediment flux for subaerial and nearshore environments has been established for a section of this coast in Florida, and to a lesser extent, Mississippi. The data incorporate the morphological signature of six tropical storms/hurricanes and more than 200 frontal passages.

Data indicate that (1) barrier islands can conserve mass during catastrophic hurricanes (e.g., Hurricane Opal, a strong category 4 hurricane near landfall); (2) less severe hurricanes and tropical storms can promote rapid dune aggradation and can contribute sediment to the entire barrier system; (3) cold fronts play a critical role in the poststorm adjustment of the barrier by deflating the subaerial portion of the overwash terrace and eroding its marginal lobe along the bayside beach through locally generated, high frequency, steep waves; and (4) barrier systems along the northern Gulf do not necessarily enter an immediate poststorm recovery phase, although nested in sediment-rich nearshore environments. While high wave energy conditions associated with cold fronts play an integral role in the evolution and maintenance of barriers along the northern Gulf, these events are more effective in reworking sediment after the occurrence of extreme events such as hurricanes. This relationship is even more apparent during the clustering of tropical cyclones.

It is anticipated that these findings will have important implications for the longer term evolution of barrier systems in midlatitude, microtidal settings where the clustering of storms is apparent, and winter storms are significant in intensity and frequency along the coast.     

用16S rRNA基因的内切酶图谱快速鉴别几种对虾病原菌

坎普氏弧菌是青岛海洋大学生物系微生物实验室于１９８９－１９９０年自对虾养殖场中国对虾红腿病心脏及血淋巴中分离并鉴定的菌株，副溶血菌和溶藻胶弧菌两菌株于１９９４年９月得自中国科学院微生物研究所，为建立快速、准确的中国对虾病原菌的诊断技术，根据几种细菌的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因的序列，设计并合成该基因的多聚酶反应的引物ＰＬ１和ＰＬ２。并用该对引物分别从坎普氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌和溶藻胶弧菌的ＤＮＡ要品中扩增出分     

南沙群岛海域水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)的特性研究

对南沙群岛海区水体Kd(490）的特性进行了深入分析和探讨,研究结果表明：Kd（490）的垂直分布与同步测量的海水叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布有很强的相关性;Kd（490）的垂直分布反映出该区域海水存在较强的分层现象,研究中还发现上行辐亮度漫衰减系数KL（490）与Kd（490）垂直变化趋势相当一致,但是以二者达到最大值的深度为界,上层水体的KL（490）值稍大于Kd(490）值,在这一深度以下则相反。     

海洋旅游研究初探

海洋旅游在我国发展迅猛 ,但对海洋旅游的研究明显滞后。就海洋旅游的基本概念、研究范围、特点、开发类型及开发原则等基础理论问题提出了自己粗浅的认识 ,以求引起更多的学者关注这一领域的研究 ,进行更加有益的探讨     

用陆地卫星数据描绘渤海湾海河口区不同污染等级

Okamoto (1969)指出，多变量的主成分具有变差最优性、信息损失最小性、相关最忧性和回归最优性等最优性质，因此多变量的主成分分析被广泛应用于自然科学和社会科学多种领域。由于主成分可以看作所研究的某个复杂事物的一个概括(肯德尔，1975),并可根据主成分所提供的数据，按数值大小排列顺序分级，因此主成分分析也被遥感界应用于区分不同水质(Klemas et al, 1981)。 本文以渤海湾西北部海河、永定新河河口区的陆地卫星数据作主成分分析，以显示河口区海水不同污染等级。同时以河口区各站位实测的多项有机污染数据作主成分变换，按主成分数值大小，将各站位分为不同污染等级。计算表明，遥感数据显示的不同污染等级的地理分布与实测数据是一致的。     

Hydrocarbon Potential of Pre-cenozoic Strata in the North Yellow Sea Basin

The North Yellow Sea Basin ( NYSB ), which was developed on the basement of North China (Huabei) continental block, is a typical continental Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the sea area. Its Mesozoic basin is a residual basin, below which there is probably a larger Paleozoic sedimentary basin. The North Yellow Sea Basin comprises four sags and three uplifts. Of them, the eastern sag is a Mesozoic Cenozoic sedimentary sag in NYSB and has the biggest sediment thickness; the current Korean drilling wells are concentrated in the eastern sag. This sag is comparatively rich in oil and gas resources and thus has a relatively good petroleum prospect in the sea. The central sag has also accommodated thick Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments. The latest research results show that there are three series of hydrocarbon source rocks in the North Yellow Sea Basin, namely, black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous. The principal hydrocarbon source rocks in NYSB are the Mesozoic black shale. According to the drilling data of Korea, the black shales of the Paleogene, Jurassic and Cretaceous have all come up to the standards of good and mature source rocks. The NYSB owns an intact system of oil generation, reservoir and capping rocks that can help hydrocarbon to form in the basin and thus it has the great potential of oil and gas. The vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon resources is mainly considered to be in the Cretaceous and then in the Jurassic.