塔中16-24井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶研究

塔中16－24井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶主要分为侵蚀面岩溶和深部岩溶。侵蚀面岩溶在垂向上具有良好的分带性，自上而下大致可分为5个带：风化壳（地表岩溶）、垂直渗流带、季节变化带、水平潜流带和深部缓流带，在地质历史上主要发育了3期。深部岩溶对本区碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育程度有很大的影响，同时也发育了3期。塔中16－24井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶的发育受多种因素的影响，其中岩性、沉积相、构造、温度和古水系对古岩溶的发育起决定性的作用。     

Formation mechanism and model for sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin, East China

The Bohai Bay basin comprises some very important and well documented subtle traps known in China, which have been the major exploration focus and have become a major petroleum play since the 1990s. However, recent exploration showed that the oil-bearing properties of some sand lens reservoirs may vary significantly and the accumulation mechanisms for these lithological subtle traps are not well understood. Based on statistical analysis of oil-bearing properties for 123 sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin and combined with detailed anatomy of typical sand lens reservoirs and NMR experiments, it has been shown that the structural and sedimentary factors, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions of the surrounding source rocks, as well as the petrophysical properties of sand lens reservoirs are the main controlling factors for the formation of sand lens reservoirs. The formation of a sand lens reservoir depends on the interaction between the hydrocarbon accumulation driving force and the resistance force. The driving force is made up of the differential capillary pressure between sandstones and sources rocks and the hydrocarbon diffusion force, and as well as the hydrocarbon expansion force. The resistance force is the friction resistance force for hydrocarbons and water to move through the pore throats of the sand lens. The sedimentary environment, source rock condition and sand reservoir properties can change from unfavorable to favorable depending on the combination of these factors. When these three factors all reach certain thresholds, the sand lens reservoirs may begin to be filled by hydrocarbons. When all of these conditions become favorable for the formation of sand lens reservoirs, the reservoir would have high oil saturation. This approach has been applied to evaluating the potential of petroleum accumulation in the sand lens reservoirs in the third member of the Neogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Sub-basin.     

日本城市防灾减灾的经验与启示--以城市防灾公园建设为例

大规模的城市建设在我国方兴未艾。由于很多城市对城市建设研究的不全面、不深入，快速发展的城市建设导致了多种城市灾害发生。城市灾害发生的种类、数量和范围在扩大，危害程度在加深，因而客观上要求我们必须解决城市建设中普遍存在的只重视发展速度和规模，忽视防灾减灾，或城市建设工程防灾减灾配套设施落后、甚至缺失等问题。减轻灾害与控制灾害已成为城市建设中一项十分艰巨的工作，研究分析日本城市防灾减灾与城市建设工作，其城市防灾公园建设经验可资借鉴。     

砂岩回弹物理模拟实验

地层剥蚀会造成下伏砂岩的回弹,而砂岩回弹可为油气聚集提供更多的空间。在地质条件下,砂岩回弹受哪些因素的影响,能有多大的回弹量?本文在前人研究的基础上,采用从美国引进的全伺服三轴岩石力学实验装置及正交实验方法,分别对人造砂岩和大庆长垣的实际砂岩进行物理模拟实验,探讨砂体回弹的回弹量及其影响因素。实验结果表明:在岩石弹性范围内,卸载会造成下伏砂体回弹,且回弹量是可观的,可超过1%;岩性是影响砂体回弹的最主要的因素,围压次之;砂体回弹过程与有效上覆压力关系密切,可以用对数模型来描述。     

基于均值反差滤波的红外小目标检测算法

在已有背景预测算法的基础上,提出了一种基于均值反差法作为不相似度量对图像进行滤波,在增强小目标的同时抑制了复杂背景,并通过自适应的背景预测算法,实现了对小目标的快速检测。实验结果表明,该算法对小目标适应性强,能大幅度地提高目标/背景的信噪比,从而快速而准确地检测出小目标的位置。     

Microscopic Pore Structure and Heterogeneity Quantitative Characterization of Shale Reservoir-Take in Chongqing Southeast Longmaxi Shale Case

<正>At present,shale gas exploration in China has made a significant progress,and we have established four statelevel shale gas demonstration areas that include the Fuling Jiaoshi dam,Changning—Weiyuan,Zhaotong and Yanchang.Shale gas production in last year has reached 13*108m3,which the yield of Fuling Jiaoshi dam reached the     

Modeling Groundwater in Multimodal Porous Media with Localized Decompositions

In the present paper, a new stochastic framework is introduced to decompose random variables. This decomposition method is shown to better capture and reflect the medium heterogeneity for multimodal porous media than the classical Reynolds decomposition does. In particular, with this decomposition method, the variance of log conductivity is decomposed into two parts. The first one measures the mean differences of log conductivity across different units having high contrasting conductivity. The second part measures the variation of log conductivity arisen within individual units. Based on this localized decomposition, a new stochastic model is proposed for flow in a highly heterogeneous porous media. This stochastic model shall produce much sharper approximations under the assumption that only the second part of the variance of log conductivity is small. Therefore, the proposed model can partially overcome the assumption of small composite variance for log conductivity in current theory for both flow and transport.     

重庆市严重伏旱气候特征分析

重庆市伏旱是一种客观气候规律,其演变有近100年的周期震荡。2006年重庆及其周边地区的严重干旱是气候自然变迁与人类活动的综合影响,南亚高压偏强偏东、西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西及Hadley环流加强有关。造成2006年异常高温的主要原因是太阳辐射、严重干旱和深厚的下沉气流增温;最后给出了高温预警实例。      

田野白蚁主巢的高密度电法探测实例

白蚁个体虽小,其危害却几乎涉及到国民经济的各个领域,对房屋建筑、水库堤坝、山林果园、通讯设备等的危害尤为严重.根据白蚁蚁巢的特点,应用地球物理探测技术来探寻蚁巢的位置,从理论上讲是完全可行的,在实际的应用上也有很好的效果,而且是一种新的探寻白蚁蚁巢的有效方法.     

电导电极比测实验及其误差分析

260型电导电极能满足日常地震观测要求,但其精度在观测高和低电导率水样时有所不同;电导池常数的标定对电导率的日常观测是非常关键的,准备一支备用电导电极以确保电导观测的精度,提高观测数据的质量。