塔里木盆地南缘尼雅剖面的孢粉组合与环境

根据尼雅剖面孢粉含量的分析，结合^14C年代、δ^13C和低步磁化率X1f值的变化，探讨了位于塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘尼雅地区近4000年来的气候环境演化。结果表明，近4000年来，此地区气候持续干旱，但期间仍有几次相对湿润的波动，即在约3600aBP前后（1650BC）、2500－1900aBP(550BC-50AD)和1400－1000aBP（550－950AD）期间，生态环境湿润程度有所增加。研究还表明，干旱区孢粉分析结果对于古植被、古气候环境的恢复以及古人类活动变迁的推测可提供较为有用的信息，剖面中1．70－1．60m(100BC－50AD）孢粉组合禾本科花粉含量的峰值很可能是古人类生产活动的影响所至。     

Die grünen Werfener Schichten von Mitterberg (Salzburg)

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund ihrer stratigraphischen Stellung und petrographischen Übereinstimmung werden die grünen Quarzite als Werfener Schichten erkannt. Teile davon stellen vollkommen ausgelaugtes Haselgebirge vor. Die regional-tektonische Bedeutung dieser Gesteine wird dadurch gegeben, daß sie auch innerhalb der Grauwackenzone auftreten.Mit 1 Textabbildung.     

"三七"高炮防雹对昭苏县气象站雹日数影响的统计分析

根据昭苏县气象站1956－1973年（防雹前）和1974－1998年（防雹后）6－8月平均雹日数的变化，就“37”高炮防雹对下游地区雹日数的影响进行了统计分析。经计算，防雹后25年的平均雹日数比防雹前减少了3.8d，为了证明这一结果是人为影响还是自然变化，进行了序列检验和回归分析，表明，人工防雹使防区内雹日数显著减少，显著性水平分析达到0.001和0．01。     

组合式牙轮钻头的特性、设计和使用

对组合式牙轮钻头作了简要介绍，分析了其碎岩原理，并与刮刀钻头及滚刀钻头进行了特性对比，阐述了设计，使用要点。     

黑龙江依兰、牡丹江变质带蓝闪片岩特征

通过对黑龙江省依兰、牡丹江等地的蓝闪片岩产出的地质环境、岩石类型、原岩类型的研究和对蓝闪石类及与其共生的多硅白云母、黑硬绿泥石、红帘石的测试鉴定,证明依兰、牡丹江两地的蓝闪片岩为高压地质环境的产物,属于蓝闪绿片岩相。     

Anomaly analysis of 18 years of newly merged GPS ephemeris from four IGS data centers

The merged GPS navigation files from the International GNSS Service (IGS) data centers, i.e., the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS), the Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG), the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and the Institut Geographique National (IGN) are occasionally contaminated by anomalies and inconsistent user range accuracy (URA). This contamination impairs the performance assessment of GPS service, especially the system integrity. We remerged these files starting Day of Year (DOY) 1, 2000 using all available navigation data files from IGS stations. To effectively get the upper bound URA, a frequency-dependent pattern recognition method was developed. In addition, a comprehensive comparison between the navigation data remerged by us and those provided by the four IGS data centers was performed. The compared results revealed that T_GD and Issue of Data Clock (IODC) were the dominating anomalies in the merged navigation data from CDDIS and SIO for the first several years after 2000, and M₀, Ω₀, ω, and a_f0 were the dominant anomalies in the merged data from IGN. In addition to a number of missing records, many records with incorrect PRN (pseudo-random noise number), identifying a GPS satellite, were found in files from the IGS data centers. Although the number of anomalies in the merged files from CDDIS has continued to decrease in recent years, they have not disappeared and would affect system-level assessment and scientific applications to a certain extent. The results also revealed that our remerged files were more complete, clean, compact and consistent, making them more suitable for GPS system performance assessment and related research studies. Moreover, those data are now openly available.     

中国海岸风沙沉积的成因与特征

东部和南部沿海是我国风景优美、气候宜人, 工农业与交通事业发达和人口密集的重要经济区。在16, 000多公里的海岸上, 风沙作用的海岸线就有近3, 000公里, 目前它们都在不同程度上处于风沙作用而后退或大大改观的状态。     

南天山花岗岩类的年代学,岩石学,地球化学及其构造环境

在南天山褶皱带,分布有大量的花岗岩类岩石。按照由老到新的侵位顺序,岩石类型依次为：闪长岩、似斑状花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和碱长花岗岩。精确的锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法研究证明,它们形成于石炭纪末期至早二叠世末期。闪长岩、似斑状花岗岩的岩相学和岩石化学具有Ｉ型花岗岩的特征,而二云母花岗岩充分表现了Ｓ型花岗岩的岩相学和岩石化学特征。与洋中脊花岗岩相比,它们不同程度地富集Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ而贫于Ｔａ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ,显示了碰撞造山阶段花岗岩的地球化学特征。碱长花岗岩主要由钾长石、钠长石、石英和富羟铁云母组分的黑云母组成。它们普遍具有高的ＳｉＯ２、Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎｂ、Ｙ、ＲＥＥ（Ｅｕ除外）丰度和Ｆｅ／Ｍｇ比值,以及低的ＣａＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｅｕ丰度。从而,系统地显示了Ａ２型花岗岩的普遍特征。证明它们形成于后造山垮塌阶段。各种岩石的εＳｒ（ｔ）界于＋３７．７５和＋２１００．７之间,而εＮｄ（ｔ）界于－４．４２和－６．５１之间,证明它们全部源自于陆壳物质的深熔作用。北天山古洋盆于晚石炭世的闭合导致了南天山碰撞造山作用。而在早二叠世末期,更大范围的大陆伸展作用与南天山的后造山垮塌作用同步。     

Quantitative climatic reconstruction of the Last Glacial Maximum in China

Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction is crucial for understanding the operation and evolution of the global climate system.For example,a quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction for the Last Glacial Maximum(18±2 ka~(14)C,LGM)is fundamental to understanding the evolution of Earth’s climate during the last glacial-interglacial cycle.Previous quantitative palaeoclimate reconstructions in China are generally based on statistical comparison of modern pollen assemblages and modern climate data.These methods are based on the premise that vegetation-climate interactions remain the same through time,and implicitly assume that the interactions are independent of changes in seasonality and atmospheric CO_2concentration.However,these assumptions may not always be valid,which may affect the reconstructions.Here,we present the results of a quantitative study of the LGM climate of China based on an improved inverse vegetation model which incorporates physiological processes combined with a new China Quaternary Pollen Database.The results indicate that during the LGM,mean annual temperature(ANNT),mean temperature of the coldest month(MTCO)and mean temperature of the warmest month in China were lower by～5.6±0.8,～11.0±1.6 and～2.6±0.9°C,respectively,compared to today,and that the changes in ANNT were mainly due to the decrease of MTCO.The ANNT decrease in southern China was～5.5±0.5°C.Mean annual precipitation was lower by～46.3±17.8 mm compared to today and was especially low in northern China(～51.2±21.4 mm)due to the decrease in summer rainfall.Comparison of our results with recent outputs from paleoclimatic modelling reveals that while the latter are broadly consistent with our estimated changes in mean annual climatic parameters,there are substantial differences in the seasonal climatic parameters.Our results highlight the crucial importance of developing seasonal simulation on paleoclimatic models,as well as the need to improve the quality of paleoclimatic reconstructions based on proxy records from geological archives.     

雅鲁藏布江中游松属、冷杉属表土花粉对海拔的指示意义

通过雅鲁藏布江中游41个表土样品中松属和冷杉属花粉含量与当地松属、冷杉属植物群落分布高度的对比发现,松属花粉含量在50％～ 60％及以上的样品出现的海拔为2500～3200 m,这与当地高山松和华山松群系分布的海拔(2 200 ～3 500 m)一致,考虑到群落的覆盖度(50％～60％),认为松属含量50％～60％是一个可以指示松属植物群系分布高度的指标.冷杉属花粉含量超过60％(或50％)对应的海拔(3 500 ～4 200 m)与急尖长苞冷杉群系分布的海拔(3 300～4 300 m)亦是非常一致的,并且也能够很好的代表群落植被的覆盖度(50％ ～ 70％).此外,由于松属和冷杉属花粉产量和重量的差异,松属花粉更容易传播到高海拔地区,而冷杉属花粉则更多的降落在低于急尖长苞冷杉群系海拔分布的地区.