CoLM模式对塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘陆面过程模拟评估及修正

采用2011年3月22日至7月26日肖塘陆气相互作用观测资料测试了不同陆面参数对公共陆面模式（CoLM）模拟效果的影响。地表参数包括地表反照率（α）、地表比辐射率（ε）、空气动力学和热力学粗糙度（z_0m、z_0h）、零置位移（d）、热传输附加阻尼（kB^-1）。结果表明：感热通量H和地表温度T_g对地表反照率、动力学粗糙度和地表比辐射率比较敏感,对零置位移不敏感。通过观测资料获得的这些参数及kB^-1参数化方案均被用来替换原CoLM模式中相应值及参数化方案。CoLM模式基本上能较好地模拟净辐射R_n、感热通量H、地表土壤热通量G₀和地表温度T_g日变化特征,只是在日峰值及其峰值出现时间的模拟上不理想;而CoLM模式对该地区土壤湿度M的模拟效果非常不好。误差统计值Bias、SEE、NSEE表明优化参数后的CoLM模式使得R_n的模拟误差被降低4.21%（SEE）,H的模拟误差被降低25.19%（Bias）,T_g的模拟误差被降低33.33%（Bias）、10.45%（SEE）和25%（NSEE）。     

温室气体强迫与东亚亚热带季风演变耦合效应及动力机制研究

基于主要温室气体（CO₂、CH₄和N₂O）强迫因子和石笋δ¹⁸О观测资料（1~2002 年）,分别利用关联性耦合模型和非线性统计-动力学方法,分析温室气体强迫与东亚亚热带季风演变耦合度的时序规律和定量反演模拟温室气体强迫对近2 000 a东亚亚热带季风演变影响的非线性趋势和相对贡献。研究发现：① 温室气体与季风演变耦合度的高低对应季风的强弱变化,即两者耦合作用越强,东亚亚热带季风越强;反之,两者耦合强度越小,东亚亚热带季风越弱;耦合度峰谷值对应季风极强降水和极端干旱时段。② 时序演变规律为：N₂O和CO₂相互作用与季风演变间耦合效应最强,成为东亚亚热带季风演变的主要驱动力。其次,N₂O一次项和CO₂非线性项对季风演变起主要的负反馈调节机制。③ 时序演变阶段上有所不同：1~180年,CH₄因子对季风演变主要起负反馈调节机制;180~1760年和1760~2002年,对季风演变起主要的驱动和调节机制分别为CO₂因子和N₂O因子;但1900年后N₂O和CO₂相互作用与季风演变的耦合驱动效应近百年来明显增强,耦合度在中等-较强（或极强）之间来回波动转换,耦合作用明显增强,在耦合度由较强（或极强）转弱至中等时,东亚亚热带季风也随之减弱。     

山岳型景区建设下乡村聚落的多维重构——基于云丘山旅游景区微观案例的实证研究

随着乡村旅游的快速发展,传统乡村发生了巨大变化,尤其在山区地区,受自然环境、资源条件的影响,其乡村聚落的重构更具有独特性和典型性。采取深度访谈、全样本问卷调查、遥感影像解译与GIS分析等方法,以云丘山旅游景区中的两个自然村落为例,从微观尺度研究乡村聚落的多维重构过程,研究发现,在景区建设推动下,云丘山景区内两个村的“空间—经济—社会”三个维度均发生了重构：空间层次上,土地利用状况和三生空间的规模均发生变化,生产、生活空间减少,生态空间增加,空间格局上从“生活—生产—生态”的环状模式转变为生活、生产空间在生态空间中镶嵌的模式;经济层次上,村民的收入提升,生计模式发生改变,对旅游业的产业依赖度升高,传统生产模式改变;社会层次上,人口回流,劳动力显著增加,社会阶层的空间差异被打破,乡村组织方式逐渐向旅游生产方式上转变。乡村的“空间—经济—社会”多维重构之间存在相互影响关系,在景区旅游发展的推动下形成新的乡村地域系统。     

气候变化对中国集中供暖气候指标的影响

应用高空间分辨率的网格逐日气象数据,根据国家集中供暖有关设计规范定义了集中供暖气候指标,分析了气候变暖对中国集中供暖气候指标的影响。结果表明：近55 a来中国集中供暖初日均呈后延趋势,初日特征线年代际南北移动较小。供暖终日均呈提前趋势,终日特征线在110°E以东地区南北移动较大,2000年以来终日特征线较20世纪60年代北抬了200~300 km。供暖期长度均呈减少趋势,东北、华北地区近55 a减少了10~15 d,西北地区减少了15~20 d;东北、华北、西北地区供暖强度分别减少了12%、20%、15%。从1991~2015年冬季气温变化来看,东北地区最冷冬季与最暖冬季的温度相差可达6.2℃,对供暖强度的影响可达28.9%,华北和西北地区冬季气温最大变幅分别为3.7℃、3.3℃,对供暖强度的影响分别为26.8%和17.6%。气候变暖对中国集中供热气候指标产生了显著的影响。供热部门应该根据天气变化来安排供暖,同时还要注意气候变暖背景下极端冷事件的发生,保证集中供暖安全运行。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区大气气溶胶散射系数影响因子

利用2010年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站单波段(525nm)积分浊度计和PM10自动监测仪、能见度仪器观测资料,结合塔中地面气象观测资料,分析影响塔中气溶胶散射系数的各因子。结果表明:(1)散射系数和PM10质量浓度具有明显的正相关关系,相关程度秋季最大,达0.96;夏季次之,为0.94;冬季最小,为0.91。(2)质量散射系数3月最小,10月最大;四季中,春季最小,为0.60m2·g-1,秋季最大,为1.38m2·g-1。塔中站气溶胶质量散射系数小于河北张北站、甘肃民勤站、兰州西固区,大于内蒙古锡林浩特站、希腊克里特岛、以色列内盖夫沙漠。(3)能见度与散射系数呈显著负幂相关关系,相关系数为0.80,其中夏、秋、冬季的相关系数都超过了年相关系数,分别是0.913、0.908、和0.857,春季最低为0.723。(4)风速较大时,散射系数的值也比较大,两者呈现正相关关系,相关系数为0.45。散射系数小于500 Mm-1时,主要分布于ENE和NE;大于500Mm^-1以上则主要是在ENE、NE、E风向。在ESE风向时,散射系数的平均值最大,其次是SSE方向上,最小值是S风向。     

国外生态旅游研究进展及启示

作为替代性旅游和可持续旅游的实现形式,生态旅游从提出就受到学者们的重视。本文以Web of Science核心合辑收录的国外生态旅游期刊文章为基础,对筛选出的546篇文献进行综述分析,梳理和归纳相应的研究热点和研究方法,并从生态旅游内涵、利益相关者、客源市场、目的地、影响和评估6方面阐明国外生态旅游的研究进展和主要内容。结果表明：国外生态旅游研究以应用为导向,具有研究区域资源特征明显、研究对象不断扩展、研究内容逐渐深入的特点,并呈现跨学科、多视角的研究态势。结合国外的研究经验,本文提出未来中国应就完善生态旅游理论体系、妥善处理利益相关者的关系、总结生态旅游者行为规律、拓展目的地的研究尺度和管理模式、重视生态旅游的影响研究和优化效果评估方法6方面加强研究,以促使研究体系完善和优化。     

Characterizing mixed-use buildings based on multi-source big data

To-date few research has successfully integrated big data from multiple sources to characterize urban mixed-use buildings. In this paper, we introduce a probabilistic model to integrate multi-source and geospatial big data (social network data, taxi trajectories, Points of Interest and remote sensing images) to characterize urban mixed-use buildings. The usefulness of our model is demonstrated with a case study of the Tianhe District in megacity Guangzhou, China. The model predicted building functions at 85% accuracy based on ground truth data from field surveys. We further explored the spatial patterns of the identified building functions. Most mixed-use buildings are located along major streets. Our proposed model can identify mixed-use buildings in a city; information is useful for planning evaluation and urban policymaking.     

Effects of N:P ratio of Artemisia ordosica on growth influenced by soil calcium carbonate

Soil calcium carbonate(CaCO_3) has a strong solid phosphorus effect, and high content of CaCO_3 can significantly reduce the effectiveness of soil phosphorus. To reveal the limiting effect of soil CaCO_3 on the growth of plants on sand land and its mechanism of plant physiology, we performed pot experiments with a two-factor randomized block design and a three-factor orthogonal design for different soil CaCO_3 content treatments using Artemisia ordosica seedlings. In the experiments, we surveyed plant height, aboveground biomass, root length and root weight and analyzed N, P concentrations and RNA content of the seedlings, and discussed the relationships between relative growth rate(RGR) of the seedlings and N:P ratio as well as RNA. Results show that, the RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings decreased significantly with the increase of soil CaCO_3 content, and those for root length and root weight decreased. The RGRs of plant height and above-ground biomass of the seedlings were significantly negatively correlated with leaf N:P ratios, but significantly positively correlated with leaf RNA content and leaf P concentrations. It can be seen that soil CaCO_3 is a stress factor for the growth of A. ordosica seedlings, and the growth response of the seedlings under the influence of soil CaCO_3 is in line with the Growth Rate Hypothesis.     

Analysis of Spatial Mismatch of Tourism Development in Guangdong Province

The spatial mismatch situation of tourism development in Guangdong Province is analyzed by gravity model and two-dimensional matrix based on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, and the results are visualized using ArcGIS software. This study finds that varying degrees of spatial mismatch exist between the level of tourism development, abundance of tourism resources and accessibility of tourism locations in the 21 cities in Guangdong Province. The gravity centers for tourism economy, tourism resources and tourism location are (113.55° E, 23.00° N), (113.69° E, 23.21° N) and (113.74° E, 22.86° N), respectively. According to the two-dimensional combinatorial matrices, synchronous development is shown in 10 prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-resource abundance combination, whereas it is shown in seven prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-tourism location combination. Guangzhou and Shenzhen are synchronous-double high zones for both combinations, while Foshan, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, Zhongshan and Jieyang are deviating-negative mismatch zones for both combinations. Furthermore, the vast majority of prefecture-level cities within the province currently present mismatching trends in tourism development. Based on the analysis results, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward taking into account the actual situation and opportunities for further tourism development in various prefecture-level cities.     

Changes in record-breaking temperature events in China and projections for the future

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - As global warming intensifies, more record-breaking (RB) temperature events are reported in many places around the world where temperatures are higher than...