Visualizing spatiotemporal trajectories of mobile social media users using space–time cube

The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators.     

关于建立测绘产品生产过程质量监控系统的研究

通过分析测绘产品生产过程质量管理现状,阐述了建立生产过程质量监控系统的必要性,并重点介绍了测绘产品生产过程质量管理监控系统的工作流程和具体功能。     

轨道交通整体床道测量

本文从地铁床道测量的意义出发,结合轨道交通八号线二期工程,介绍了轨道交通整体床道测量技术设计、作业方法、数据采集、成果分析,以及在作业过程中的注意事项.     

河南省农作物虚拟水含量时空分异特征

在GIS技术的支持下,通过对1978—2013年河南省冬小麦、夏玉米、花生、棉花、油料作物、蔬菜6种主要农作物虚拟水量的计算与分析,探讨了其时空分异规律。河南省6种农作物单位质量虚拟水量在不断下降的趋势下有波动,2003年出现峰值,与当年大旱、所有农作物大面积减产有关;在农作物类型中,棉花单位质量虚拟水含量最高,多年平均值达到8 077.4 m3/t,蔬菜最低,多年平均值仅为159.95 m3/t。6种作物的虚拟水含量在空间分布上有明显差异,按其2013年的产量进行加权分析得到,第一等级区域为三门峡、郑州、信阳,第二等级为平顶山、洛阳、济源、开封,第三等级为南阳、驻马店、新乡、鹤壁、安阳、濮阳,第四等级为漯河,最低为许昌、周口、商丘、焦作。从整体看,西部、南部虚拟水含量高,而北部、东部虚拟水含量低。     

半干旱沙地-草甸区水面蒸发模拟及其影响因子辨识

在分析半干旱沙地—草甸区的水面蒸发过程及其影响因子的基础上,采用多元逐步回归分析方法,对水面蒸发的众多影响因子进行逐步筛选,找出显著影响因子,建立水面蒸发与其显著影响因子间的多元非线性回归模型,并模拟计算了彭曼蒸发公式、道尔顿水汽运输理论蒸发公式中的风函数,比较分析了彭曼模型、变异道尔顿模型、多元非线性回归模型计算的水面蒸发量。结果表明:彭曼模型、变异道尔顿模型和最终建立的多元非线性逐步回归模型所得结果十分接近,与实测水面蒸发量的趋势也很一致;除变异道尔顿模型稳定性稍差外,其余两者都具有较好的稳定性;多元非线性逐步回归方法可以找到水面蒸发的显著影响因子,剔除掉不显著影响因子,避免因子相关造成的影响,使所建回归模型具有良好的拟合效果,其决定系数达到了0.773,预测结果令人满意。     

A mechanism for the origin and development of the large-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower reach of Laoha River, Northeast China

By viewing satellite imagery, a striking large-scale dunefield can be clearly perceived, with a size of nearly 63 km long and 11 km wide, and trending NE–SW, on the right flank of the lower Laoha River, Northeast China. By means of remote sensing imagery analysis and field observation as well as a comparison with a small-scale dunefield on the right flank of the lower Xiangshui River, analogous to the case of the lower Laoha River, this paper presents a new mechanism for its origin and development. The results show that:(1) the large-scale dunefield bears a tile-style framework overwhelmingly composed of transverse barchanoid ridges perpendicular to the predominant winds, and inlaid diverse blowouts.(2) The small-scale dunefield, referred to as a primary structural unit of the large one, is typical of an incipient dunefield, following the same rules of evolution as the larger.(3) A succession of barchanoid ridge chains can steadily migrate downwind in much the same manner as surface wave propagation in air or water stimulated by an incised valley, and ultimately tend to bear roughly the same wavelength and amplitude under stable climate and hydrologic regimes.(4) The first ridge chain acquires its sand source substantially from the downwind escarpments exposing the loose Quaternary sandy sediments to the air, while the ensuing ridges derive their sands dominantly from in situ deflation of the underlain Quaternary loose sandy sediments in blowouts, partly from the upwind ridges through northern elongated horns. Theoretically, the sands from riparian escarpments can be transported by wind to the downwind distal end of a dunefield after sufficient long duration.(5) The lower Laohahe region experienced probably three significant climatic changes in the past, corresponding to the three active dune belts, suggesting that once a large-scale dunefield occurs, it is nearly impossible to be completely stabilized, at least in its central portions. At present, seasonal shrinkage and stagnation of the lower Laoha River, widespread farming and afforestation in the valley, and establishing windbreaks downwind of the valley as well as surrounding the dunefield, appear to have significantly modified local flow fields and sand sources, engendering significant degradation of the dunefield.     

Characteristics of high arsenic groundwater in Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, northern China

It is well known that the Hetao Basin is one of the most seriously arsenic-affected groundwater areas in China. In order to understand the characteristics of high arsenic(As) groundwater in the Basin, a brief overview of arsenic in groundwater follows. High arsenic in the Basin commonly occurs in shallow groundwater and the total arsenic concentrations range from 0.58 to 572 μg/L(average 99.73 μg/L), exceeding the maximum mandated value of 10 μg/L for drinking water in China; As(Ш) is the predominant species. The regional distribution pattern of arsenic in the groundwater increases from south/southeast to north/northwest. Hangjinhouqi and Wuyuan counties are considered as the most seriously affected areas, with high incidences of endemic arsenicosic diseases in the Hetao Basin. High groundwater arsenic correlates with the increase of well depth. Previous studies proposed that groundwater arsenic in the Basin is mainly originated from desorption of some natural solid materials in the sediments, under reducing condition. Generally, reducing condition is believed to be the primary factor for arsenic releasing from the sediment to groundwater in the region. Under inorganic or bacterial processes, Fe2O3 changes to Fe S and arsenic adsorbed to Fe(OH)3 dissolves into groundwater, and As(V) is reduced to As(Ш). Besides, reducing environments, groundwater hydraulic gradients, organic matter, p H, evapotranspiration, and soil texture are presumed to be the predominant factors that control arsenic mobilization.     

内蒙古巴林左旗二叠系碎屑锆石LA ICP MS U Pb年龄及构造意义

内蒙古巴林左旗碧流台地区分布一套碎屑岩,以砂板岩组合为特征,时代原为早二叠世。对该套地层所取砂岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,对取自长石岩屑砂岩样品中100颗碎屑锆石进行测试分析,结果显示,100颗锆石的谐和年龄主要集中分布在4个年龄区间,分别为253~298Ma,309~362Ma,428~595Ma,851~1526Ma,最年轻的一组锆石年龄为253~298Ma,存在266Ma的锆石峰值年龄。266Ma的年龄限定了地层的沉积时限,即地层应在晚二叠世沉积,且砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄特征和地层岩性组合与区域上发育的林西组可以对比,故将该套地层划为林西组。年龄数据普值特征反映出,该地层具有多物源供给的特点,但物源主体来自东北各地块,未见华北板块的物源区年龄信息,表明华北板块与西伯利亚板块在晚二叠世并未完全碰撞闭合,253~298Ma的锆石年龄与西拉木伦缝合带附近与板块俯冲、碰撞相关的岩浆事件相吻合,表明两大板块的最终碰撞拼合时间应晚于266Ma。     

2000~2014年国外部分地质调查机构科研态势分析——基于文献计量学方法研究

本文基于文献计量方法,以加拿大、澳大利亚、法国、德国、芬兰5国的地质调查机构2000~2014年发表的论文为统计对象,从产出论文数量和年度变化、主要研究领域和热点变化、国际合作和机构合作等方面,对5个机构的工作内容、科研发展态势进行判读,为国内地质调查机构的发展提供数据参考。     

中亚天山—帕米尔地区成矿地质背景

中亚天山—帕米尔地区地处亚欧大陆腹地,跨古亚洲、特提斯两大全球性构造域,是哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔、卡拉库姆—塔里木、中伊朗—冈底斯、印度四大古板块的结合部位,地质构造复杂,矿产资源丰富。自中新太古代(或古元古代)以来分为5大演化阶段:1太古宙—古元古代演化阶段,本区古陆可能是组成Pangea-Ⅳ泛大陆的一部分;2长城纪—青白口纪泛大陆裂解事件导致了西昆仑地区第一次大规模的成矿作用,新元古代超大陆汇聚形成阶段,中天山地区广泛沉积了一套文德系含炭质岩系,形成金的矿源层,为后期大规模金的成矿作用提供了物质基础;3新元古代超大陆裂解及古亚洲洋—原特提斯洋演化阶段,岩浆活动强烈深部壳幔物质交换频繁,尤其是晚泥盆世—早中二叠世碰撞后伸展期,是区内最重要的成矿期;4研究区工作程度低(部分地区为空白区),特提斯洋演化阶段矿床发现较少,但找矿潜力巨大;5欧亚大陆形成后的后造山阶段,伴随着造山带强烈的挤压、褶皱、抬升、走滑、推覆等构造活动,岩浆作用十分发育,形成了一系列与韧性剪切构造有关的金矿化,以及与中酸性岩浆热液活动有关的铁、铜、多金属、锂铍(铌钽)、钨、锡、钼等矿产。