河西走廊平山湖盆地早白垩世构造变形期次及其碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄约束

河西走廊北部的平山湖盆地,被围限于龙首山、北大山和合黎山之间,是一个在早白垩世受南北两侧逆冲断层共同控制形成并发展的盆地。笔者通过研究盆地内下白垩统沉积特征、构造变形、生长地层以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学特征,划分了平山湖盆地在早白垩世的构造演化期次,并恢复其形成演化过程。盆地内发育一套由下向上总体变细的下白垩统庙沟群沉积序列,盆地内构造变形以NE-SW向挤压和近E-W向伸展为主,庙沟群上岩组的碎屑锆石最小年龄为(129.3±1.8)Ma,可能代表了地层沉积和同期地堑发育的最早时间。由此得出,在早白垩世早期发育挤压构造盆地,同构造生长地层为挤压盆地的形成与构造演化提供了时代约束;在早白垩世晚期发育伸展断陷盆地,由挤压到伸展的转换时间晚于129.3 Ma。     

Speciation analysis of arsenic compounds in seafood by ion chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Ion chromatography-ultra violet-hydride generation-Atomic Florescence Spectrometry was applied to detect 5 arsenic species in seafoods. The arsenic species studied include arsenobetaine(As B), arsenite(As(III)), dimethylarsinic acid(DMA), monomethylarsonic acid(MMA), and arsenate(As(V)), which were extracted from samples using 2% formic acid. Gradient elution using 33 mmol L~(-1) CH_3COONH_4 and 15 mmol L~(-1) Na_2CO_3 with 10 mL CH_3CH_2OH at pH 8.4 allowed the chromatographic separation of all the species on a Hamilton PRP-X100 anion-exchange column in less than 8 min. In this study, an ultrasound extraction method was used to extract arsenic species from seafood. The extraction efficiency was good and the recoveries from spiked samples were in the range of 72.6%–109%; the precision between sample replicates was higher than 3.6% for all determinations. The detection limits were 3.543 μg L~(-1) for As B, 0.4261 μg L~(-1) for As(III), 0.216 μg L~(-1) for DMA, 0.211 μg L~(-1) for MMA, and 0.709 μg L~(-1) for As(V), and the linear coefficients were greater than 0.999. We also developed an application of this method for the determination of arsenic species in bonito, Euphausia superba, and Enteromorpha with satisfactory results. Therefore, it was confirmed that this method was appropriate for the detection of arsenic species in seafood.     

泡塑吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中的金

试样在650℃烧制、王水溶解、泡塑振荡吸附、硫脲解脱,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿石中的金量,克服了原子吸收光谱法对低含量金测定稳定性和精密度差、对高含量金测定分取误差大和返工率高等不足,缩短了分析时间。方法经国家一级标准物质分析验证,结果与标准值相符。对二级标准物质测定的方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为6.45%。方法检出限为0.138μg/g,线性范围宽,适用于矿石中0.2μg/g以上金的测定。     

Surface deformation associated with the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from ALOS L-band SAR interferometry

The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake (in China) occurred on 12 May 2008 as a result of slip on the northeastern-striking Longmen Shan (LMS) faults beneath the rugged margin between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Sichuan Basin. The catastrophic event caused significant surface ruptures and permanent ground displacement in a wide area. This paper concentrates on mapping surface deformation caused by the main shock with the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology. The coseismic interferogram covering an area of over 83,000 km² is computed with use of 46 SAR images that were collected along 6 adjacent ascending orbits by the L-band SAR sensor onboard the Japanese Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). The displacements measured at 16 GPS sites are used to check the accuracy of the InSAR deformation measurements. The radar coherence is computed and analyzed in relation to the topography and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) estimated from the Landsat-7 imagery. The results show that the coseismic surface deformation can be mapped up to a centimeter-accuracy level even over the highly mountainous and heavily vegetated area with the L-band interferometer. It is also demonstrated that the L-band interferograms with time interval of months to years can still maintain acceptable radar coherence for deformation extraction over the area under the extreme conditions. The extracted InSAR deformation measurements show that the lands in the Sichuan Basin had moved 0.1–1.3 m toward the satellite along the radar line of sight (LOS) direction with an azimuth of 349.8° and an elevation angle of 51.3°, while the lands in the LMS area had moved 1.4 m at most away from the satellite.     

遥感图像融合技术研究与探讨

遥感作为一门正在兴起,有着广泛应用前景的学科。基于目前众多的融合方法,本文着重陈述了最常用的PCA、HIS融合方法和正流行的小波变换融合技术理论。最后结果评价,运用ERDAS和ENVI软件及IDL语言对"ETM129-44_个旧"图像进行上述三种方法的融合处理并对其结果进行定性和定量的比较与分析。     

粉质土海岸微地貌形成及泥沙问题的工程地质分析

通过对渤海湾粉质土海岸中的黄河水下三角洲的塌陷凹坑地貌形成、埕岛海域海底电缆中断、黄骅港外航道泥沙骤淤、东营港航道开挖试验段淤积等问题进行原因分析,结合该类海岸粉质土在波浪作用下的动力特性,认为风暴期间在强烈的波浪循环荷载作用下,粉质土在趋于液状化过程中强度降低,被波浪剪切形成振荡滑动,导致运动泥沙的异常增量。因此,在研究粉质土海岸泥沙运动问题中,应注意考虑由于海底粉质土的工程地质特性而造成的泥沙侵蚀或淤积量的异常变化。     

冲绳海槽中部伊平屋脊火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成：对岩石成因和地幔源区的指示

As an active back-arc basin, the Okinawa Trough is located in the southeastern region of the East China Sea shelf and is strongly influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Major element, trace element and Sr-NdPb isotopic composition data are presented for volcanic rocks from the Iheya Ridge(IR), the middle Okinawa Trough. The IR rocks record large variations in major elements and range from basalts to rhyolites. Similar trace element distribution characteristics together with small variations in ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.703 862–0.704 884), ~(144)Nd/~(143)Nd(0.512 763–0.512 880) and Pb isotopic ratios, demonstrate that the IR rocks are derived from a similar magma source. The fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and amphibole, as well as accessory minerals, can reasonably explain the compositional variations of these IR rocks. The simulations suggest that approximately 60% and 75% fractionation of an evolved basaltic magma can produce trace element compositions similar to those of the intermediate rocks and acid rocks, respectively. The analysis of their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic content ratios suggest that the source of the rocks from the IR is close to the depleted mantle(DM) but extends to the enriched mantle(EMII), indicating that the mantle source of these rocks is a mixture between the DM and EMII end members. The simulations show that the source of the IR volcanic rocks can be best interpreted as the result of the mixing of approximately 0.8%–2.0% subduction sediment components and 98.0%–99.2% mantlederived melts.     

隔震层竖向刚度对高层基础隔震结构的影响

高层隔震建筑的隔震层在罕遇地震作用下会产生拉应力。本文通过对一栋20层的高层隔震结构,分别采用等拉压刚度模型和不等拉压刚度模型进行动力非线性时程分析,研究叠层橡胶隔震支座竖向刚度模型对高层基础隔震结构动力响应的影响。研究表明,超出线弹性工作范围后,竖向等拉压刚度模型将会低估隔震层的竖向位移量,低估上部结构的动力响应。     

基于空间直角坐标系高精度坐标转换系统的设计

详细介绍了基于三维空间直角坐标系高精度坐标转换系统设计的必要性、设计思路、界面结构、功能以及系统的特点等,通过实际算例验证了该系统理论方法的正确性,软件运行的可靠性及适用性。     

松科二井轻烃组分垂向分布特征及其对深部油气的指示

松辽盆地深部油气已成为今后油气战略性接替领域的一个重要方向,松科二井连续取样的6042组103种单体的轻烃组分数据显示,轻烃组分垂向分布特征呈现明显的分段性,整体可划分为6个区段:Ⅰ段(井段470～1000 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数少,主要以甲烷为主,重烃较低,为浅层低熟油气段。Ⅱ段(井段1000～2800 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数多;甲烷含量中等,重烃含量普遍较高;有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,处于成熟阶段,为常规油气段。Ⅲ段(井段2800～3320 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数较少、零散;甲烷含量整体较高,重烃含量与Ⅳ段相似,表明该段气源可能来源于Ⅳ段。Ⅳ段(井段3320～5940 m)罐顶气峰面积大,集中分布在3400～3800 m和5200～5400 m井段,明显高于Ⅲ段和Ⅴ段;为Ⅲ型烃源岩,处于高成熟—过成熟阶段。Ⅴ段(井段5940～6200 m)罐顶气峰面积、出峰个数低;甲烷和重烃含量较低。Ⅵ段(井段6200～7018 m)出峰个数、罐顶气峰面积低;甲烷含量较高,重烃含量中等,其总体特征与Ⅳ和Ⅴ段不同,推测深部可能存在气源。上述垂向分布特征反映了白垩系、侏罗系和前侏罗系在油气成因类型、成熟度和含气性及其油气来源等具有不同的特征,为松辽盆地深部非常规天然气探索拓展提供了重要依据。