Magnetostratigraphy of a Loess-Paleosol Sequence from Higher Terrace of the Daduhe River in the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Geological Significance

<正>The eolian deposits distributed in the river valleys in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are very useful in neotectonic and paleoclimatic studies.Firstly,the climate in the eastern margin of the TP is mainly controlled by the Indian summer monsoon,and detailed studies on the loess-paleosol sequences in this region can provide valuable terrestrial evidence of past changes in the Indian summer monsoon.Secondly,the river terraces in the eastern margin of the TP are considered to be a sensitive recorder of neotectonism to reflect the timing and amplitude of the TP uplift.The formation ages of these     

Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Tight Oil Reservoir in the Jimsar Sag of Junggar Basin

<正>1 Introduction Jimsar sag covers about 1278 km2 in the south of the eastern uplift of Junggar basin.It is a half graben depression area in which the west,south and north is controlled by faults(Fig.1),and is tilting uplift to the east.It deposited Permian,Triassic,Jurassic,the Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata chronologically.The thickness of Lucaogou Formation is about 200 m to 350 m,it is the     

Recent Activity of the Badu-Longwei Segment, Guguan-Xiangong Fault in Southern Liupanshan, Constrained by Rhythmic Sediment Lithology and Geomorphic Characteristics

This study's objective was to investigate the Guguan-Xiangong Fault, which lies in the southern Liupanshan area, through satellite image interpretation and field observations. Guguan-Xiangong Fault is divided into five subsegments; among these, the Badu-Longwei segment has been the most recently active. The geomorphic features of the Badu-Longwei segment are clearly displayed, including multiple high fault scarps with fresh bedrock free faces. There is significant evidence for Holocene activity of the three fault sections, located in Renhuashu, Tianjiagou, and Xinjiecun respectively. The three sections feature distinct episodic deposition and fault scratches. Based on 14 Cdating and field observations on the three fault sections, two or more paleoearthquakes across the Badu-Longwei fault segment are ascertained, between 5874±116 and 5430±140 a BP, and after 2037±83 a BP respectively. The Badu-Longwei segment of the Guguan-Xiangong Fault is preliminarily extrapolated as the seismogenic structure of the 600 A.D. Qin-Long earthquake.     

Improved Geometric Model of Extensional Fault–bend Folding

Extensional fault–bend folds, also called rollovers, are one of the most common structures in extensional settings. Numerous studies have shown that oblique simple shear is the most appropriate mechanism for quantitative modeling of geometric relations between normal faults and the strata in their hanging walls. However, the oblique simple shear has a rather serious issue derived from the shear direction, particularly above convex bends. We use geometric and experimental methods to study the deformation of extensional fault–bend folds on convex bends. The results indicate that whether the fault bends are concave or convex, the shear direction of the hanging wall dips toward the main fault. On this basis, we improve the previous geometric model by changing the shear direction above the convex bends. To illustrate basin history, our model highlights the importance of the outer limit of folding instead of the growth axial. Moreover, we propose a new expression for the expansion index that is applicable to the condition of no deposition on the footwall. This model is validated by modeling a natural structure of the East China Sea Basin.     

Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal mechanisms. Especially, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically analyzed. According to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle deformation. Further, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary classifications. To determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great significance. Combing multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.     

中南部非洲的地质构造演化与矿产分布规律

中南部非洲优势矿产资源有金、铜、铁、铬、金刚石,锰、铀、镍、钒、钴、铂、锑的储量也居世界前列。主要的矿产集中分布于前寒武纪地体内,中南部非洲前寒武纪地体的形成演化决定了矿产的种类和主要成矿类型。文章总结了中南部非洲的地质构造演化以及其主要矿产资源的成矿类型和分布规律,并划分成矿区带至三级。探讨了部分主要成矿区带的成矿规律:太古宙的矿产主要与花岗-绿岩地体有关;古元古代的矿产主要分布于陆缘盆地,与岩浆作用有关;中元古代的矿产主要与岩浆作用有关,次为沉积变质作用;新元古代的矿产主要与沉积变质作用有关,次为岩浆作用。     

基于地球化学组合求异的津巴布韦奇马尼马尼地区成矿预测

如何有效地解释评价异常是化探找矿取得成功的关键,传统的地球化学异常处理方法一般是以单一元素的含量值与背景值的差异来圈定异常,因子-泛克立格求异模型则建立在矿床主成矿期元素共生组合与地球化学异常之间的对应关系。采用因子-泛克立格模型对津巴布韦东部奇马尼马尼地区进行成矿预测,结果表明:奇马尼马尼地区存在7种元素组合,分别对应于不同的岩性组合,F4和F6元素组合异常可作为区内热液成矿指示标志,与东部塔卡金矿套合程度高。利用该模型圈定了5处找矿远景区,Ⅰ号远景区为铜镍金钛铁矿成矿有利区,Ⅱ号远景区具有与塔卡金矿相似的地球化学组合背景,Ⅲ号、Ⅳ号和Ⅴ号远景区则具寻找热液型金铜矿及多金属矿的潜力。     

博茨瓦纳赛莱比-皮奎铜镍硫化物矿床研究进展

文章对博茨瓦纳铜镍硫化物矿床的研究成果进行了总结,概括了赛莱比-皮奎铜镍硫化物矿床的区域地质背景、岩石地层划分,较系统地分析了矿床的地质特征和矿床成因;认为铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿物质来源多样,并且矿床形成后经历了强烈的褶皱和剪切作用。     

豫西矿集区幔枝构造约束下的小岩体成大矿

文章通过分析豫西地区的大量地质矿产资料后发现,区内存在"小岩体成大矿"的规律。认为豫西地区自燕山期以来,随着地幔热柱的演化,区内地壳运动转为伸展活动,地壳减薄、地幔不均衡上隆和中酸性岩浆脉动式上侵;中酸性岩浆脉动式上侵过程打通了深部成矿物质上升的通道,使得含矿流体能够到达地壳上部,并在幔枝构造外围主次级拆离带、岩体内外接触带、构造裂隙等适宜部位集聚成矿。     

华北克拉通南缘后大陆碰撞背景下的岩石圈演化及金、钼成矿规律探讨

通过对华北克拉通南缘大量的岩浆岩和矿床研究表明,矿床的形成与燕山期岩浆岩具有非常密切的关系,豫西矿集区是华北克拉通南缘岩石圈剧烈演化的结果。岩石圈的这种剧烈演化是在两件重大地质事件的共同作用下进行的:一方面,扬子板块与华北板块在印支期拼合,并发生了广泛的陆-陆碰撞造山活动,此后,克拉通边缘转入了后造山演化阶段;另一方面,燕山晚期的J-K之交,太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲,导致地幔大规模活动。中国东部大规模的地壳减薄和壳幔作用,使本来就处于造山后演化阶段的华北陆块南缘发生了广泛的岩浆活动。正因为这两大地质作用叠加效应,区域岩浆演化剧烈而复杂,大批重融花岗岩的地球化学特征往往既显示造山带的特点,又具有大规模壳幔作用的特征。这两大地质作用为豫西矿集区的形成提供了良好的成矿地质背景,大量的研究表明,各种矿床与燕山期岩浆岩在形成时间上高度吻合,空间上密切相关,同位素指标极为相近,显示它们在成因上的密切关系。岩浆一方面作为深部赋矿流体的上升通道,另一方面提供持续的高温环境,保证了元素迁移和成矿作用的进行。因此,华北克拉通南缘后大陆碰撞背景下的壳幔演化、大规模岩浆活动是豫西矿集区形成的决定性因素。