土地综合整治动态管理信息系统构建分析

在调研山东省土地综合整治现状的基础上提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对建立土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的必要性进行了分析。提出基于3S技术、ArcGIS软件平台、计算机技术、网络技术,构建土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的设想,有利于提升山东省土地综合整治项目管理水平。     

遥感影像专题图制作研究

遥感软件有强大的影像处理功能,地理信息软件有强大的矢量功能;由于遥感软件以国外进口软件为主,与国内常用的地理信息基础不适应。通过对遥感影像专题图的制作的研究,有效地解决了遥感软件和国产地理信息软件不匹配的问题,为各类遥感专题图制作提供了有效的技术方法。     

广西姑婆山地区钨锡矿床地质特征及幔源物质参与成矿显示

姑婆山地区钨锡矿床位于南岭钨锡成矿带西南缘,是我国重要的钨锡产地。区内有新路、水岩坝和珊瑚三个钨锡矿田,矿床类型多样。其中,锡锌硫化物型、黑钨石英脉型和钨锡石英脉型矿床较为典型,区内钨锡成矿与壳幔混源型花岗岩体和断裂关系密切。笔者在前人工作基础上,总结了区内主要钨锡矿田和典型矿床地质特征,认为钨锡矿化在空间上具有一定的分带性;通过对区内构造和矿床的D-O同位素、H e-A r同位素、Pb同位素、S同位素及流体包裹体分析,认为深大断裂可能为幔源物质上侵提供了通道,钨锡成矿与岩浆作用关系密切,幔源物质参与了区内钨锡成矿。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

Assessment of the risk of rockfalls in Wu Gorge, Three Gorges, China

In 2007 and 2008, six big damaging rockfalls occurred at four sites in Wu Gorge, the second gorge of the Three Gorges, China. Detailed surveys and aerial-photographic interpretation identified 104 potentially dangerous rock masses. This paper reviews previous rock-mass risk ratings, examines dangerous rock-mass structure and presents a new assessment system for rockfall risk (ASRFR) in the Wu Gorge area. The ASRFR considers 15 factors: seven factors for hazard and eight factors for consequence. Relative importance weights for these factors are ascertained using an analytic hierarchy process. Using an equation to calculate the risk, the 104 dangerous rock masses were divided into three risk groups: high risk (33 sites), medium risk (33 sites) and low risk (38 sites). The ASRFR analysis can be used to divide the shipping route through the Wu Gorge into seven courses each of one of three classes: safe-route regions, yellow-alarm regions and red-alarm regions. The system provides geological information and a rockfall-risk management tool for local government and the shipment-route department.     

江西九江城门山铜多金属矿床土壤轻烃找矿试验

在开展城门山矿区新一轮的深部外围找矿过程中,传统的化探方法存在一定的局限性。本次工作在城门山矿区内蚀变矿化石英斑岩、矿区外围石英砂岩上方发育的土壤垂直剖面和1线、9线、J0线土壤测线中开展了系统的轻烃测量,尝试利用土壤轻烃异常示踪下伏的矿化信息。研究结果表明,除甲烷(C1)外,土壤轻烃(C2、C3、C4、C5)都能很好地示踪下伏的矿化信息,在花岗闪长斑岩(矿体)上方显示低值区,与土壤Hg气、磁化率高值形成镶嵌结构。通过对硫化物矿体上覆土壤的有机烃组分相关特征和变化规律的分析,可提出预测下伏矿体的评价指标,也有助于了解有机质在成矿作用过程中的赋存状态和演化规律。     

佳木斯地块南缘牡丹江地区高压变质作用:黑龙江杂岩的岩石学和地质年代学

牡丹江地区出露的黑龙江杂岩是由变质基性岩、泥质片岩、大理岩和变硅质岩系列组成的类似于蛇绿岩层序的构造混杂岩,代表了佳木斯地块西南缘碰撞增生的产物.钠长石和绿帘石变斑晶中共生的矿物组合(钠云母+蓝闪石+多硅白云母+绿帘石)的地质温压计估算结果表明,黑龙江杂岩的峰期变质的温压条件为T=320～4800℃,p=800--1600MPa,为典型的绿帘-蓝片岩相高压变质作用.黑龙江杂岩带中泥质片岩所含的多硅白云母单矿物给出的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为164.9Ma±0.5Ma.根据白云母中K~Ar同位素体系的封闭温度(350～430℃)接近于得到的黑龙江杂岩的峰期变质温度,可以认为~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄指示了这期高压变质事件的年龄,也证实了黑龙江杂岩带中普遍存在一期中侏罗世末期的变质-热事件.     

云南大姚地区上白垩统马头山组六苴段中亚段

上白垩统马头山组六苴段中亚段(K2ml2)是云南六苴砂岩型铜矿区内含铜层位之一.六苴段中亚段含铜砂岩Mo、Cd、As、Cu等亲硫元素富集.微量元素多富集于浅色砂岩中,向紫色砂岩一侧逐渐亏损,呈现分带特征.铜矿石V/(V+Ni)值大于0.7,反映缺氧环境的特点.稀土元素总量(∑REE)101.71×106～157.55×10-6,稀土元素分配模式为Eu、Ce亏损-轻稀土元素富集型.从铜矿石→浅色矿化砂岩→浅色无矿砂岩,随着铜含量的降低,Mo、Cd、As、Hg平均含量逐渐降低,∑REE与高场强元素Nb、Zr、Hf、Th平均含量逐渐升高.六苴段中亚段砂岩具"矿源层"的特征,铜矿石与围岩具物源一致性,铜矿石在弱碱性、还原条件下由砂岩经水-岩作用形成,与六苴铜矿床(K2ml1)成矿机理相似.小河地段纵向上从北向南,六苴段中亚段中铜矿化的能力逐渐减弱,推测矿化带在走向上向西(紫色砂岩一侧)发生了偏移.     

华北东部平原浅层高矿化弱渗透地下水的开发技术示范研究

开发利用华北东部低海拔平原浅层弱渗透含水层地下水,是挖掘水土资源潜力与提高光热生物环境资源利用水平的关键问题。通过借鉴国内外经验和现场勘查设计施工,在天津、沧州、衡水和济阳等地成功建立了"抽咸换淡辐射井"、"河水-雨洪水-潜水循环利用井"、"虹吸连通增采井"等不同类型示范工程,取得了在低成本条件下的良好效果。这既解决了淡水、微咸水、甚至是咸水地区的农业灌溉用水问题,也使浅层咸水大规模改造利用成为可能,为合理开发利用水土资源开辟了一条可行的途径。     

Comparisons of drought variability between central High Asia and monsoonal Asia: Inferred from tree rings

Severe drought is a serious natural disaster that frequently strikes East Asia, highlighting the need to understanding its drought regime and the associations with Asian monsoon. Tree-ring-based drought reconstructions provide invaluable paleoclimatic archives for detecting regional and large-scale drought variability and their potential forcings. We herein reviewed many drought reconstructions from central High Asia and monsoonal Asia and compared their similarities and differences, as well as their linkages to Asia monsoon. We compared the decadal-scale variability of six drought reconstructions for the central High Asia, where differing drought variations were found between the western and eastern portions. Seven drought reconstructions were reviewed for monsoonal Asia, from which a difference in drought variability was observed between the northern and southern parts. Therefore, we compared the drought variations of the four sub-regions of western and eastern parts of central High Asia, as well as northern and southern portions of monsoonal Asia. ENSO activity and sea surface temperature of western Pacific and northern Indian Oceans, coupled with Asian monsoon, play an important role in modulating drought variability of much area of the East Asia. An improved denser multi-index tree-ring network of longer length for East Asia is necessary for the establishment of more reliable large-scale drought reconstruction.