Geochronological and geochemical study of mafic dykes from the northwest Chinese Altai: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic evolution

Fifteen zircons separated from a mafic dyke in the Chinese Altai give a concordant age population with a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 375.5 ± 4.8 Ma, suggesting a Devonian emplacement. On the basis of their mineralogical compositions and textures, the coeval dykes can be divided into gabbroic and doleritic types. They are both sub-alkaline, tholeiitic, characterized by similarly low SiO₂ contents (45.2–52.7 wt.%) and total alkaline (K₂O + Na₂O = 0.99–4.93 wt.%). Rare earth element patterns of the gabbroic dykes are similar to N-MORB (La/Yb_N = 0.86–1.1), together with their high ε_Nd(t) values (+ 7.6 to + 8.1), indicating that their precursor magma was mainly derived from a N-MORB-type depleted asthenospheric mantle. While the REE patterns of the doleritic dykes resemble that of E-MORB (La/Yb_N = 1.12–2.28), enriched in LILEs and strongly depleted in HFSEs, with relative low ε_Nd(t) values (+ 3.4 to + 5.4) and high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7057–0.7060). The zircon Hf isotopic analysis of the doleritic dykes give ε_Hf(t) values from + 10.7 to + 13.8. These signatures suggest that a depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and/or melts was possibly involved in the generation of the doleritic magma. The refractory peridotite may have been melted with variable degrees caused by upwelling of the hot asthenosphere. The petrogenesis of the mafic dykes suggest a high heat flux as a result of upwelling of the hot asthenosphere and the contrast geochemical signatures can be interpreted by a ridge subduction, which could be an important tectonic control in the accretionary process of the Chinese Altai.     

辽西凌源地区水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义

水泉沟组分布在辽西凌源地区,不整合覆盖早中生代第一期推覆构造系统,其上又被稍晚形成的燕山早期推覆构造所掩覆.水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果为230.4Ma±3.1Ma.测试结果表明①辽西水泉沟组时代为晚三叠世;②燕山地区晚三叠世安山质火山岩很可能代表一种拉张的构造环境;③燕山地区早中生代早期挤压逆冲构造发育于早中三叠世,即燕山地区印支阶段早期为挤压逆冲,晚期为伸展构造.     

Zircon U–Pb geochronology of gneissic rocks in the Yunkai massif and its implications on the Caledonian event in the South China Block

This paper presents new zircon U–Pb data and interpretations for the gneissic rocks in the Yunkai massif in order to constrain the timing and evolution of the Caledonian tectonothermal event in the South China Block (SCB). Magmatic and inherited zircons from the orthogneiss in the region, previously thought to be of Precambrian origin, yielded ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U apparent ages of 421–441 Ma and 513–1343 Ma, respectively. Also a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 236.0 ± 3.1 Ma was obtained, interpreted as the metamorphic resetting age during the Indosinian tectonic event. Our analyses show that the paragneiss in the region, previously regarded as Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, contains detrital zircons of the Archaean to Paleozoic origin, of which the youngest zircons yielded the U–Pb age of  423 Ma. These data indicate that (1) the Proterozoic and Archaean components may exist beneath the Yunkai massif; (2) most of the metaigneous rocks are actually the Caledonian anatectic granites possibly overprinted by Indosinian ( 236 Ma) reactivation; (3) some paragneiss might have originally deposited during the Devonian time; and (4) a subsequently rapid uplifting took place after the emplacement of the Caledonian granites, revealed by the observation that the Devonian clastic strata uncomfortably overlie the Caledonian granites. In combination with other geochronological data and geological observations throughout the SCB, we propose that the Caledonian tectonothermal event around Silurian ( 450–400 Ma) might be a result from an intracontinental collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks in response to the subduction/collision between the North China block and SCB.     

颗粒接触概率在划分矿物共生组合中的应用——以冀东太平寨紫苏花岗岩为例

颗粒接触概率研究的基本方法是在一个岩石薄片切面上,沿着某一条线统计一个晶体或矿物种与另一个晶体或矿物种的接触顺序,然后把每一类型的接触数目用“接触概率矩阵”表示,并与“随机接触概率矩阵”加以比较,从而验证一个矿物的位置是否或在多大程度上依赖于另一个矿物的位置。一般说来,同种矿物或同世代矿物有相互接触的趋势,因而颗粒接触概率的研究能够用来划分矿物共生组合。冀东太平寨地区紫苏花岗岩的颗粒接触概率研究结果表明,其主要矿物相是由两个不同世代矿物所组成。该研究结果与镜下岩相研究结论一致。     

政和地区变质岩石的变质结晶作用与变形作用的关系

政和地区变质岩石在晋宁期遭受了３期构造变形作用（Ｄ）。以这３期构造变形作用为相对时间标志，讨论了变质砂泥质岩石中各种不同产状、不同种类变质矿物的生长期，确定了基质主要加粗期为Ｄ２－Ｄ３变形期间的静态期。进而将晋宁期变质作用划分为早期、主期和晚期３个变质阶段，变质作用的主期为Ｄ２变形期和Ｄ２－Ｄ３变形期间静态期。     

变质流体对变质反应温度缓冲作用实例研究及意义

有关闽北麻源群、浙西南陈蔡群、冀东麻粒岩和冀西南阜平群变质流体与变质反应温度关系实例研究表明，在变质作用过程中，变质流体对变质反应温度存在着明显的缓冲效应，缓冲的温度范围可超过某些变质相或变质带之间的温度差。因此，变质流体同变质温度、压力一样，是划分变质相带一个独立参数。本文从热力学理论上解释了变质流体对变质反应温度缓冲作用的机制，并对缓冲强度进行了估算，据此阐述了变质流体在变质相带研究中的重要意义。     

热幔柱来源于何处？

本文综述了地球深部产生热幔柱的可能位置及其热边界条件限制。     

东海盆地构造区划及其特征

东海海城构造区划可分成2个盆地和3个隆起。东海盆地可划分成6个坳陷3个隆起;进而可分为16个次一级构造单元。盆地主要构造特征是东西成带,南北分块:即一个盆地三种结构,地层时代东西分带,构造运动与岩性东西分异,地质由西向东演化史;南北在深部地质结构、力学性质及(?)闭类型。构造格局及火成岩分布、沉积环境、地热梯度等诸方面有差异.文中讨论了构造特征形成的机制及盆地内重要的矿藏资源。     

潮滩干湿转换的地貌发育物理模型及动力机制

为研究潮汐作用下潮滩干湿转换过程中的潮沟系统形成和地貌发育,使用黄河三角洲潮滩天然粉砂建立试验室物理模型,并首次将Argus系统引入试验,用于监测现场,模拟在一定坡度下潮滩干湿转换过程的地表变化,分析了天然粉砂孔隙内潴留空气对潮滩地形起伏的动力机制,研究了不均匀流对地貌发育的影响。研究表明,整平均匀、坡度均一的干潮滩,在正向潮流、潮汐作用下,粉砂孔隙内潴留空气排出滞后于潮流淹没,承压后沿水平和垂直方向随机运移,导致平坦的潮滩表面形成细微的地形起伏。这种初始起伏会进一步影响潮流运动和潮滩冲淤,从而形成各种潮滩地貌形态,并决定着潮滩地貌空间分布。高潮滩形成高密度和连通复杂的不规则潮沟-碗口状塌陷系统;中潮滩和低潮滩较为平坦,在微小陡坎和碗口状塌陷上方发育有沿岸线平行方向排列分布的树枝状细密潮沟,且有明显的溯源侵蚀现象。受不均匀水流影响,中心轴附近潮滩率先淹没,孔隙内潴留空气排赶到两侧,导致潮滩中间地表较为平坦,两侧地表变化大,且沙波偏移以中部为对称轴,两侧对称。     

内蒙古北山地区月牙山蛇绿质构造混杂岩带地质特征、形成时代及大地构造意义

月牙山蛇绿质构造混杂岩带位于红柳河—洗肠井蛇绿岩带东部的月牙山一带。月牙山蛇绿岩套出露较完整,自下而上由超基性杂岩、辉长岩、层状玄武岩、枕状玄武岩及放射虫硅质岩组成。蛇绿岩套北侧发生了强烈的构造混杂作用,形成蛇绿质构造混杂岩带,由强糜棱岩化、强蛇纹石化的辉橄岩、玄武岩基质和辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩、斜长花岗岩、橄榄岩、橄辉岩、角闪石岩、白云岩、放射虫硅质岩、蚀变玄武岩等岩块组成。通过对蛇绿岩套中辉石岩、辉长岩、斜长花岗岩、辉长闪长岩及蛇绿岩套北侧斜山——东七一山火山弧中的安山岩、花岗闪长岩等开展锆石U-Pb同位素测年研究,确定月牙山蛇绿岩套形成时代约为530Ma,相当于早寒武世;洋盆发生大规模自南向北俯冲作用的时间为421.0±15~442.4±1.5Ma,相当于志留纪。通过对蛇绿岩带两侧地层形成环境及蛇绿岩带对两侧地层单位的限定意义等研究认为,红柳河—洗肠井蛇绿岩带是代表古大洋闭合的板块缝合带,以该带为界,北侧为哈萨克斯坦板块,南侧为塔里木板块。