断裂地震地表断错危险性评价

引入地震断错危险性概念 ,用概率表示发生断错的可能性大小 ,断错危险性涉及到地震危险性和断错发生与分布特点。断错危险性的表达式为 :P =P1×P2 ×P3,式中 ,P表示断错危险性 ;P1表示地震发生的危险性 ;P2 指不同震级条件下地表断错出现的概率 ;P3为断错量值分布概率。以中国和世界地表地震断错资料为基础 ,建立震级 -断错概率指数P2 和断错幅度及其分布概率指数 ,包括幅值及其分布、宽度和覆盖层厚度影响等指数P3,为地表断错危险性量化评估奠定了基础     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

内蒙古林西县大井铜多金属矿床的硫、碳和铅同位素及成矿物质来源

内蒙古自治区林西县大井铜多金属矿床是大兴安岭南段的一个大型Cu-Sn-Ag-Zn-Pb矿床。该矿床的黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等硫化物的δ^34S值变化为－1．8‰至＋3．8‰，平均为＋0．65‰。大约为－5‰的δ^13C值与峰值为～ 1‰的δ^34S值的很窄分布表明成矿流体中的碳和硫来源于深部岩浆，并且排除了上二叠统林西组地层提供一部分硫和碳的可能性。硫化物矿石的^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb和^208Pb/^204Pb比值分别为18．257－18．368，15．476－15．609和37．916－38．355范围内，其模式年龄为122－209Ma。黑色页岩含有较高的放射成因铅，其^208Pb/^204Pb比值为18．473－20．156，与矿石完全不同。然而，矿石、基性－超基性岩脉和附近花岗岩体的长石铅中^206Pb/^204Pb,^207Pb/^204Pb和^208Pb/^204Pb比值是相近的，它们在^208Pb/^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb和^207Pb/^204Pb-^206Pb/^204Pb图上落在同一条直线上。这条铅同位素混合线两个端元分别为上地幔和造山带，即混合了上地幔与前中生代形成的造山带物质。这些证据都强烈地支持了成矿物质来源于深源岩浆。因此，大井矿床是一个典型的与次火山岩有关的岩浆－热液脉型矿床。     

南京附近新近纪岩石地层若干问题探讨

通过南京附近新近纪砂砾层代表性剖面描述及对比,新近纪玄武岩的喷发期次及其与砂砾层的层序关系,着重讨论了新近纪砂砾层的岩石地层层序及不同时段砂砾层的岩性特征。建议建立大雨花台组（群）（N1-2y）来包含南京附近所有的新近纪砂砾层;建议该区新近纪玄武岩统一命名为方山（旋回）玄武岩。     

吉林省煤铁矿产资源勘查工作部署

吉林省煤炭、铁矿资源储量严重不足,原煤、铁矿石自给率低,严重影响地方经济发展,通过加大勘查投资,煤、铁资源储量有望取得重大突破,提出了全省2008年煤、铁矿勘查部署和保证措施。     

离子色谱法测定地下水中有机氮

本文探讨了K_2S_2O_8氧化离子色谱法测定有机氮的实验条件,考察了淋洗剂离子价态及淋洗剂总离子强度对低浓度NO_3~-与高浓度SO_4~2-分离的影响;测定了11种含氮有机化台物有机氮的回收率。本法测定地下水中有机氮的结果与经典蒸馏法结果较为一致,具有操作简便、快速、准确,效率高的特点。     

Change Laws of Intensity of Moderate-Small Earthquakes (2.0≤Ms≤5.5)

The change laws of intensity of nearly 200 moderate-small earthquakes with Ms=2.0~5.5 occurring on the Chinese mainland since 1954 have been analyzed and are compared with that of moderately strong earthquakes(Ms≥5.0).The results show that there is quite obvious regionality in the statistical laws by both moderate-small earthquakes and moderately strong earthquakes:attenuation of intensity in Eastern China is slower than that in Western China and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of iso-seismal lines in Eastern China is smaller than that in Western China.The results also show that for a fixed magnitude the attenuation of intensity of moderate-small earthquakes is faster when intensity is higher than V and slower when intensity is lower than V-in comparison with that of moderately strong earthquakes.Furthermore,there also have been some differences in the aspects as intensity-magnitude relation between statistical laws of moderate-small earthquakes and moderately strong earthquakes.These di     

GPS航迹监控方法在区域化探中的应用

通过对GPS定位技术的试验和生产实践,认为采用GPS定位并辅以航迹监控能彻底解决区化采样点位的失真问题。这一问题的解决,能有效提高西部艰险地区化探工作的整体质量,能真实客观地反映工作区的地球化学信息。     

德兴铜矿低品位矿石堆浸场与大坞河流域土壤重金属元素形态的环境特征

本文主要采用连续提取法对德兴铜矿地区低品位矿石堆浸场和大坞河流域的土壤样品进行元素形态分析。低品位矿石堆浸场中As、Cu元素含量最高分别达到95.7μg/g和1867μg/g,都严重超过国家三级土壤标准,但是通过元素形态分析得到,As元素主要以硫化物态存在(百分比为50%-80%),Cu元素主要以有机结合态存在(百分比为50%-60%),能稳定存在于矿石中。其他元素如Cd、Mo、Pb、Zn都以有机物结合态为主,Cr元素以硅酸盐态为主,Hg元素以硫化物态占主要,重金属迁移性差,对环境的影响不大。大坞河流域上中下游元素形态组成变化不明显。Cu元素含量(平均为400-500μg/g)超过国家三级土壤标准,但是Cu元素主要是以有机结合态存在(比例为35%),稳定性相对较好。而Cd元素虽然在样品中含量在国家三级土壤标准之下,其水溶态、吸附态和碳酸盐态所占的比例较大(30%左右),容易发生迁移转化,对环境的影响较大。Pb元素以有机结合态为主,百分比达到45%;As、Hg元素以硫化物态占主导,百分比大于50%,对环境有潜在的影响。其他元素如Cr、Mo、Zn的硅酸盐态比例最大(50%左右),能比较稳定的存在于土壤中,对环境的影响较小。