Modelling the annual cycle of landfast ice near Zhongshan Station,East Antarctica

A high resolution one-dimensional thermodynamic snow and ice(HIGHTSI) model was used to model the annual cycle of landfast ice mass and heat balance near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica. The model was forced and initialized by meteorological and sea ice in situ observations from April 2015 to April 2016. HIGHTSI produced a reasonable snow and ice evolution in the validation experiments, with a negligible mean ice thickness bias of(0.003±0.06) m compared to in situ observations. To further examine the impact of different snow conditions on annual evolution of first-year ice(FYI), four sensitivity experiments with different precipitation schemes(0, half, normal, and double) were performed. The results showed that compared to the snow-free case,the insulation effect of snow cover decreased bottom freezing in the winter, leading to 15%–26% reduction of maximum ice thickness. Thick snow cover caused negative freeboard and flooding, and then snow ice formation,which contributed 12%–49% to the maximum ice thickness. In early summer, snow cover delayed the onset of ice melting for about one month, while the melting of snow cover led to the formation of superimposed ice,accounting for 5%–10% of the ice thickness. Internal ice melting was a significant contributor in summer whether snow cover existed or not, accounting for 35%–56% of the total summer ice loss. The multi-year ice(MYI)simulations suggested that when snow-covered ice persisted from FYI to the 10 th MYI, winter congelation ice percentage decreased from 80% to 44%(snow ice and superimposed ice increased), while the contribution of internal ice melting in the summer decreased from 45% to 5%(bottom ice melting dominated).     

东北城市人口流动倾向强度与吸引力度耦合协调研究

以东北三省177个城市为研究对象,以智联招聘、前程无忧、58同城招聘、携程、去哪儿、途牛、58同城租房网、赶集网、居安客、百度地图、高德地图和腾讯地图12个网站的网络关注数据为样本,运用网络数据挖掘技术,构建城市人口流动倾向强度和吸引力度测算模型,并结合耦合协调模型和核密度测量方法,测出东北三省城市人口流动倾向强度与吸引力度的等级特征、类型特征和空间特征。研究结果表明：① 东北不同规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度不同,城市规模越大,其人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度就越高;相似规模城市的人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度也表现出明显的差异性;东北地区城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度总体呈现出正比例关系;东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度都表现出较高的城市首位特征和明显的长尾特征;② 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度极度耦合、高度耦合、中度耦合和低度耦合的城市分别占东北城市总数的2.26%、7.91%、24.29%、65.54%;各省间人口流动倾向强度与城市吸引力度耦合协调水平整体差异较小,差距不明显;人口流动超前型、同步型和滞后型分别占东北城市总数的63.85%、17.51%和18.64%,省际差异明显;③ 东北城市人口流动倾向强度和城市吸引力度耦合协调空间特征表现出等级性、集聚性、洼地性特征,耦合协调性的区域分布特征,不仅与这些地区的区位有关,也与该地区的城市规模、经济发展水平密切相关。     

湖南永和海泡石的石油钻井泥浆试验

用湖南海泡石粘土做室内造浆试验和在南海油田进行钻井泥浆试验,分析和试验表明,该粘土的主要成分为海泡石、石英、滑石和少量方解石,不同粒度对其造粒性能有一定的影响;在ＮａＣｏ和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液中均可高度分散并建立起较稳定的粘度,但在造地要求有较强的剪切力,在该油田进行泥浆试验基本达到预期目的。     

几种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求研究

对4种沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发的光需求进行了初步的实验研究。结果证明,强光照射可以打破菹草繁殖芽的休眠,促使其在夏初萌发,推论菹草繁殖芽的夏季休眠可能与其所处的水底光照不足有关。苦草、黑藻及金鱼藻营养繁殖体的萌发无需光刺激,但当水底相对光照强度小于5％时形成白化苗,不能进行正常的光合作用。沉水植物营养繁殖体萌发期的水底光照条件是决定沉水植物能否再生的关键因素。     

喀什河断裂中更新世以来的活动速率

地貌和新近系位错测量的方法是获得活动断裂在新近纪晚期以来可靠和准确的运动学数据的正确方法,本文结合遥感、地貌、变形测量与新近纪测年等手段,重点研究了伊犁盆地喀什河断裂中更新世以来的垂直活动速率.喀什河断裂在中更新世以来的新活动主要表现在河流阶地和地层的位错,综合研究了这些位错数据,分析了断裂各段在中更新世以来的活动速率,讨论了1812年尼勒克地震的平均位错反映断裂现今最新的活动速率,提供了喀什河断裂中更新世以来不同时期活动的定量数据,填补了天山内部新近纪晚期研究的部分空白,对现今地壳运动与地球动力学研究及减轻地质灾害有重要意义.     

柯坪地震的灾害评估

根据国家地震局震害防御司制定的“震害评估细则”对1991年2月25日柯坪6.5级地震的震害进行了评估。在实地调查的基础上,对灾区房屋破坏情况进行分区统计,对不同房屋进行分类统计并计算破坏比,得出该地震造成的总的经济损失约461万元。     

1521号台风“杜鹃”生成阶段中尺度对流系统和降水演变特征

在热带气旋的生成过程中,从热带扰动向热带低压增强的过程研究较少,而这一过程必定伴随着中尺度对流系统（MCS）的生成、合并和发展。本文利用FNL分析资料和高分辨率模式对1521号台风“杜鹃”生成前3天进行数值模拟,着重探讨了“杜鹃”生成过程中MCS的发展演变特征。在“杜鹃”生成过程中,对流层上部槽（TUTT）位置偏东,“杜鹃”主要从季风涡旋（MG）的东南侧边缘向西北方向移动,因此,减弱的大尺度垂直风切和MG东南侧的低层辐合都为“杜鹃”的生成提供了有利的动力条件。在“杜鹃”生成前期阶段,新生成更多的MCS有利于在热带扰动阶段“杜鹃”的增强;“杜鹃”生成的中后期阶段,对流爆发,MCS发生合并使得MCS个数减少,MCS结构变得更加紧凑,面积最大的MCS逐渐向热带扰动中心区域收缩,“杜鹃”生成速度加快。对比MCS中的层云降水和对流云降水的特征发现,MCS中层云降水覆盖面积更大;对流云降水的降雨率比层云的降雨率更大,同时变化幅度更明显。层云降水百分比的增加与“杜鹃”增强的过程关系密切,但对流云降水的降雨率增加有利于MCS增强,层云和对流云的共同作用促进了“杜鹃”生成。     

北天山四棵树岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

四棵树岩体侵入于北天山蛇绿混杂岩带巴音沟蛇绿岩,属"钉合岩体"。通过对四棵树岩体进行详细的地球化学分析,该岩体主要组成为闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及二长花岗岩,SiO2含量为63.3%~68.9%,富碱,铁、镁、钙,钛含量较低,贫磷,具有偏铝质I型花岗岩特征。相对富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土,具明显铕负异常(δEu=0.4~0.7),富集大离子亲石元素K,Rb,Ba及Th,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,Zr及Hf。四棵树岩体可能来源于由洋壳和岛弧建造组成的年轻地壳,结合区域地质背景,认为该岩体形成的构造背景为后碰撞构造环境。     

Evaluation of Two Initialization Schemes for Simulating the Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Lekima(2019)

Two different initialization schemes for tropical cyclone(TC) prediction in numerical models are evaluated based on a case study of Typhoon Lekima(2019). The first is a dynamical initialization(DI) scheme where the axisymmetric TC vortex in the initial conditions is spun up through the 6-h cycle runs before the initial forecast time. The second scheme is a bogussing scheme where the analysis TC vortex is replaced by a synthetic Rankine vortex. Results show that although both initialization schemes can help improve the simulated rapid intensification(RI) of Lekima, the simulation employing the DI scheme(DIS) reproduces better the RI onset and intensification rate than that employing the bogussing scheme(BOG).Further analyses show the cycle runs of DI help establish a realistic TC structure with stronger secondary circulation than those in the control run and BOG, leading to fast vortex spinup and contraction of the radius of maximum wind(RMW).The resultant strong inner-core primary circulation favors precession of the midlevel vortex under the moderate vertical wind shear(VWS) and thus helps vortex alignment, contributing to an earlier RI onset. Afterwards, the decreased vertical shear and the stronger convection inside the RMW support the persistent RI of Lekima in DIS. In contrast, the reduced VWS is not well captured and the inner-core convection is weaker and resides farther away from the TC center in BOG,leading to slower intensification. The results imply that the DI effectively improves the prediction of the inner-core process,which is crucial to the RI forecast.     

基于RS与GIS的城市景观形态分析

城市景观包括城市中的建筑、道路、绿地、水域等地表特征,是研究城市环境和体现城市特色的重要依据。基于TM影像提取城市景观特征,利用GIS技术对景观形态进行空间分析,得到城市景观形态特征,为城市建设提供决策支持。