Basin Structure and Numerical Simulation for the Mechanisms of Seismic Disasters

In the present study seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous media is numerically simulated by using the pseudospectral method with the staggered grid RFFT differentiation in order to clarify the cause for the complicated distribution characteristics of strong ground motion in regions with basin structure. The results show that the maximum amplitudes of simulated ground acceleration waveforms are closely related to the basin structure. Interference of seismic waves in the basin strongly affects the distribution of maximum seismic waveforms, which may result in peak disasters during earthquakes. Peak disasters might be away from basin boundaries or earthquake faults. Seismic energy transmitted into the basin from the bedrock can hardly penetrate the bottom of the basin and then travel back into the bedrock region. The seismic energy is absorbed by basin media, and transferred into the kinematical energy of seismic waves with great amplitude in the basin. Seismic waves between basins may result in seriou     

Molar-tooth Carbonate Sequences and Sr Isotopes in the Neoproterozoic for Stratigraphic Correlation: Research in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang Area of the Sino-Korean Plate and Its Correlation with the Yangtze Plate

Based on a study of Neoproterozoic carbonates in the Jilin-Liaoning-Xuzhou-Huaiyang area, especially its cyclic sequence stratigraphy and Sr isotopes, two maximum sea flooding events (at 820 Ma and 835 Ma) have been identified. The resulting isochronous stratigraphic correlation proves that these Precambrian strata were connected between the Qingbaikou and the Nanhuan systems with a time range from 750 Ma to 850 Ma. The disappearance of microsparite carbonate and coming of a glacial stage offer important evidence for worldwide stratigraphic correlation and open a window for further correlation of the stratigraphic successions across the Sino-Korean and Yangtze Plates. A new correlation scheme is therefore provided based on our work.     

U-Pb SHRIMP Dating of Zircon from Quartz Veins of the Yangshan Gold Deposit in Gansu Province and Its Geological Significance

The Yangshan gold deposit is a super-large fine-grained disseminated gold deposit located in southern Gansu Province. Its metallogenic age has been determined by using the cathodoluminescence image and ion probe U-Pb dating techniques. It is found that zircons from quartz veinlet of the fine-grained disseminated gold ore show characters of magmatic origin with prism idiomorphism, oscillatory zoning and dominant Th/U ratios of 0.5-1.5. Three main populations of zircons are obtained, giving average 206Pb/238U ages of 197.6±1.7 Ma, 126.9±3.2 Ma and 51.2±1.3 Ma respectively. The first age corresponds to the K-Ar age of the plagiogranite dike, while the latter two ages indicate that buried Cretaceous and Tertiary intrusives exist in the orefield, suggesting that the Yangshan gold deposit was genetically related to the three magmatic hydrothermal activities. By contrast, zircons from coarse gold-bearing quartz vein in the mining area are much older than the host rock, indicating that the vein was formed ear     

Large-scale Migration of Fluids toward Foreland Basins during Collisional Orogeny: Evidence from Triassic Anhydrock Sequences and Regional Alteration in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Area

The middle-lower Yangtze area underwent a series of complex tectonic evolution, such as Hercynian extensional rifting, Indosinian foreland basining, and Yanshanian transpression-transtension, resulting in a large distinctive Cu-Fe-Au metallogenic belt. In the tectonic evolution, large-scale migration and convergence of fluids toward foreland basins induced during the collisional orogeny of the Yangtze and North China continental blocks were of vital importance for the formation of the metallogenic belt. Through geological surveys of the middle-lower Yangtze area, three lines of evidence of large-scale fluid migration are proposed: (1) The extensive dolomitic and silicic alteration penetrating Cambrian-Triassic strata generally occurs in a region sandwiched between the metallogenic belt along the Yangtze River and the Dabie orogenic belt, and in the alteration domain alternately strong and weak alteration zones extend in a NW direction and are controlled by the fault system of the Dabie orogenic belt; it     

Cobalt Deposits of China: Classification, Distribution and Major Advances

The important strategic metal cobalt has diverse uses and the majority of world cobalt deposits have been found in China. The deposits can be classified into four types, i.e., magmatic Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposits, hydrothermal and volcanogenic cobalt polymetallic deposits, strata-bound Cu-Co deposits hosted by sedimentary rocks and lateritic Ni-Co deposits, of which the former two types are the most important. There are six principal metallogenic epochs and seven important metallogenic belts according to their distribution and tectonic position. Although cobalt generally occurs in nickel-copper, copper and iron deposits as an associated metal, great developments in exploration for independent cobalt deposits have happened in China, and, in recent years, many independent deposits with different elementary assemblages and different genetic types have been discovered in the eastern part of the northern margin of the North China platform, the Central Orogenic Belt of China, western Jiangxi and northeastern Hun     

祁连和秦岭地区寒武纪和奥陶纪古生物区系关系的探讨

我国西北地区由不同地体组成,构造运动复杂。由于缺乏充分的古生物学证据,古生物区系的识别和归属一直是有待解决的问题。本文在前人工作的基础上,依据各类动物群特征的分析,较详细地探讨了我国祁连和秦岭地区相关地层区中-晚寒武世和奥陶纪动物群的性质及其古生物类型的归属,确定了过渡型动物群在祁连和秦岭地区的大体分布范围。同时,结合地球动力学和古地理学研究成果的分析,探讨了导致在祁连和秦岭地区中-晚寒武世和奥陶纪时存在着与华南相似过渡类型动物群的两种可能原因。一种可能是中-晚寒武世和奥陶纪时塔里木板块位于扬子板块西边,中朝板块位于扬子板块之北,祁连和秦岭可能位于扬子和塔里木板块之间,存在与华南及华北动物群交流的基本条件,产生了大体相近的动物群。另一种可能是中-晚寒武世和奥陶纪时祁连和秦岭地区存在一些原位于扬子板块北部边缘的地体,在这些沿扬子板块北缘分布的地体上发育了与南部边缘相似的生物群或生物类型。中生代之前,沿扬子板块主体和北部边缘地体之间的走滑活动,可能使扬子板块主体向东移动了几百公里,而其边缘那些属于祁连和秦岭的地体向东移动的幅度不大,从而造成现今祁连和秦岭地区存在与扬子板块东南部地区大体相似的具过渡性质的生物群或生物类型,而扬子板块北部边缘又缺少边缘过渡相带的现状。     

四川地区早志留世岩相古地理

四川地区早志留世沉积岩系形成于晚奥陶世-早志留世的前陆盆地演化阶段。早志留世龙马溪期主要为局限的深水陆棚环境。小河坝期表现为浅水陆棚的扩展和深水陆棚的萎缩,沉积分异作用加剧,呈现出碳酸盐台地、浅水陆棚、深水陆棚共存的古地理格局。韩家店期主要为潮坪-浅水陆棚沉积。早志留世四川地区表现为沉积盆地充填变浅和海退式的演化趋势,具多物源的混合型陆棚沉积性质,沉积体系展布和沉积演化主要受包括黔中古隆起在内的前陆隆起带的NW方向扩展作用控制。有利储集体的发育主要取决于沉积环境,浅海砂坝和碳酸盐台地边缘相是有利的储集相带,如川东地区的“小河坝砂岩”和川南及川北地区发育的生物礁灰岩。     

地幔柱构造对松辽盆地及渤海湾盆地形成的制约

中国东部松辽盆地和渤海湾盆地形成与演化的深部动力学机制尚未得到很好的解释．通过对区域地震资料盆地沉积记录、火山岩岩石探针和大地构造演化历史的综合分析,认为地幔柱(柱头直径约500km)在晚侏罗世一晚白垩世时形成于松辽地区,经历了软流圈地幔上涌、地壳抬升与伸展、火山活动,导致松辽盆地的形成;由于华北板块向北移动,始新世时地幔柱(柱头直径600-800km)移动到京津一渤海湾地区,类似的地质过程形成了渤海湾盆地．渤海湾地幔柱的活动还可能是京津唐地区地震多发的根本原因。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的数据文件到Shapefile转换方法及其实现

地理数据的多源性导致存储格式的多样性,使其难以在同一GIS平台下实现互操作与空间分析,这有碍于信息的共享.为此,以ArcGIS为基础平台,采用ArcGIS Engine组件进行集成二次开发,通过对数据文件进行访问和空间参考的定义、空间与属性信息的转换来实现Excel型数据文件至Shapefile型矢量文件的转换,以初步...     

渤南洼陷沙二段扇三角洲沉积体系分析

根据层序地层分析的基本思想,从单井岩芯的成因相解释出发,在渤南洼陷沙二段地层进行详细分层对比的基础上,研究了扇三角洲沉积体系,讨论了主要储集岩特征。研究认为渤南洼陷内部沙二段地层发育较好,边缘受凸起抬升和物源供给缺乏的影响,普遍缺失底部砂层;该区沙二段是在浅水湖泊沉积的背景条件下,以扇三角洲体系为主的沉积组合,在研究区...