涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩生产力及发育模式

涠西南凹陷是中国近海北部湾盆地已证实的富烃凹陷,始新统流沙港组是该凹陷主要烃源岩层系.为深入认识涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩的生产力和发育特征,采用有机地球化学与地球生物学相结合、定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法正演恢复了涠西南凹陷不同次洼流沙港组不同层段烃源岩的古生产力、有机质埋藏效率和有机碳埋藏生产力,进而建立了研究区流沙港组烃源岩形成的地球生物学模式.结果表明,涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩的古生产力、有机质埋藏效率及有机碳埋藏生产力在横向不同次洼和纵向不同层段上均存在差异,横向上以B次洼最优,纵向上以流二段最高;涠西南凹陷流沙港组烃源岩发育超营养湖高埋藏效率高埋藏生产力、富营养湖中等埋藏效率中等埋藏生产力及富营养湖低埋藏效率低埋藏生产力3种代表性的地球生物学模式.     

信息量与相似度约束下的网络地图服务缩略图自动生成算法

缩略图可显著提高图片和视频等图形图像资源的展现效率,有效改善信息检索过程中的用户体验。地图服务是一种耦合空间和尺度信息的图像资源,其设计创作、检索筛选和存储管理均需要缩略图的支撑。设计精巧的缩略图带给人良好、鲜活的第一印象,帮助用户实现高效的交互与探索;粗糙凌乱的缩略图则让用户产生抵触情绪,打消其继续探索地图服务的主动性。本文借鉴视频关键帧的思路并结合地图表达特点,提出了地图服务关键位置和关键尺度的概念,并设计了相应的量化指标和提取算法,重点解决了缩略图视觉效果不佳、地图信息量不足和自动化程度不高等问题。算法基于信息量识别地图中内容丰富的关键位置,然后利用跨比例尺相似度判断发生显著变化的关键尺度,最后自动筛选出若干张代表地图服务内容的缩略图。试验表明本方法提取的缩略图数量适中、内容丰富、代表性强,可高度还原地图服务的内容构成和外观样式。     

2018年1月大气环流和天气分析

2018年1月大气环流主要特征为：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,环流呈四波型,东亚槽略偏强。1月,全国平均降水量19.6 mm,较常年同期(13.2 mm)偏多48.4%。1月冷空气势力明显加强,全国平均气温（-5.3℃）由较常年偏高转为偏低的状态,气温较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏低0.3℃。月内,降水偏多偏强,我国南方地区以及陕西关中等地出现较为少见的冰冻雨雪天气,与2008年出现的南方雪灾情况相似;1月仅有1次雾-霾天气过程,但2018年1月13—22日是2017年入冬以来范围最广、持续时间最长、强度最强的雾-霾天气过程。     

三江源植被净初级生产力估算研究进展

植被净初级生产力（NPP）作为重要的植被参数和生态指标,能够直观地反映生态环境的变化和区域碳收支水平。鉴于三江源特殊的地理环境和战略地位,众多学者曾应用不同的方法对三江源植被NPP进行了估算,但是由于各方面原因,NPP估算结果存在较大差异。目前,虽在三江源地区开展了大量NPP估算研究,但尚未有相关文章对这些研究进行汇总并加以分析和评价。因此,本文在前人研究成果的基础上,通过综述已有文献,对三江源植被NPP估算的相关方法与结果进行了系统地总结,探讨不同方法在三江源地区的适用性,指出已有方法存在的主要问题,并对现有NPP估算结果进行评估分析,最后提出了未来三江源NPP估算研究亟待加大研究力度的方向。     

顾及POI人口吸引力异质性的城市人口空间化方法

人口空间化是提升人口统计数据空间分辨率的常用手段,现有研究多基于统计建模思想建立多源数据与统计人口的数学模型以预测格网人口。兴趣点（Point of Interest, POI）作为精细人口估算的重要数据源,通常以数量/密度型指标形式参与回归建模,该方式忽略了类型相同但个体规模不同的POI与人口之间数量关系的差异,特征均质化处理造成POI语义细节的损失,导致中心城区人口低估与远城区高估。为此,本文基于随机森林模型,提出一种顾及POI人口吸引力异质性的城市人口空间化方法。该方法在表征POI空间多尺度重要性的基础上,引入移动定位数据构建人口吸引力指标;并基于非欧式滤 波修正格网人口权重,建模人口空间自相关,刻画水体等障碍物对局部空间连通性的影响。本文以武汉市为研究区域开展100 m格网验证,通过与POI密度型回归模型、公开人口数据集的对比和消融实验,展现了人口吸引力指标与权重修正的有效性。结果表明,本文方法平均绝对误差为WorldPop、GPW及对比模型的1/4~2/3,在精细人口空间化场景具有精度优势。此外,本文还讨论了移动定位数据采样率及格网粒度对建模精度的影响。     

金矿床轴向地球化学参数叠加结构的理想模式及其应用准则

在研究和总结金矿床轴向地球化学参数变化规律的特性和共性的基础上,用金矿具有多期多阶段叠加矿成晕观点,建立了不同叠加结构地化参数轴向变化的理想模式,确定了其用于盲矿预测的准则。     

Geology and Geochemistry of Maoling Gold Deposit, Gaixian, Liaoning Province

ＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＬＧＥＯＬＯＧＹＴｈｅＭａｏｌｉｎｇｇｏｌｄｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｍａｒｇｉｎｏｆＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａｐｌａｔｆｏｒｍ．ＧａｉｘｉａｎＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＬｉａｏｈｅＧｒｏ...     

湖泊环境科学钻探施工技术

针对内蒙古岱涨的施工条件和湖底沉积物的类型,对湖泊环境科学钻探技术进行了讨论,从钻探取心角度,将岱海沉积物分为４种有代表性的地层;提出了每种地层中可能遇到的技术问题对使用的取心钻具的效果进行了评价,并提出了合理化改进意见,总结了湖泊钻进工艺方法;给出了简易钻探平台的拼装方式和主要钻探设备的性能;探讨了湖泊钻探的发展前景和进一步工作计划。     

Breaking Criteria for Regular Waves on Gentle Slopes

Nelson pointed out that the wave breaking criterion(H/d)_b for gentle slopes(i<1/100),inwhich H is the wave height and d is the water depth at the breaking point,is smaller than that for beachslopes of i>1/100),i.e.,the value of(H/d)_b for gentle slopes may be smaller than 0.6.Goda indicatedthat the wave breaking criterion given by himself is a result based on theoretical study,so it should be alsocorrect and can be used for gentle beaches,i.e.,the value of(H/d)_b for gentle slopes may be still largerthan 0.7.By use of high order nonlinear wave theory,this problem is analyzed in this study and the reasonwhy there is a large difference between different studies is explained.Moreover,the bottom energy loss dur-ing wave propagation is considered and the critical slope for the absence of wave breaking is also analyzed.     

Stratification response of soil water content during rainfall events under different rainfall patterns

Many researchers have studied the influence of rainfall patterns on soil water movement processes using rainfall simulation experiments. However, less attention has been paid to the influence under natural condition. In this paper, rainfall, soil water content (SWC), and soil temperature at 10‐, 20‐, 30‐, 40‐, and 50‐cm depths were simultaneously monitored at 1‐min intervals to measure the variation in SWC (SWCv) in response to rainfall under different rainfall patterns. First, we classified rainfall events into four patterns. During the study period, the main pattern was the advanced rainfall pattern (38% of all rainfall events), whereas the delayed, central, and uniform rainfall patterns had similar frequencies of about 20%. During natural rainfall, rainwater rapidly passed through the top soil layers (10–40 cm) and was accumulated in the bottom layer (50 cm). When a high rainfall pulse occurred, the water storage balance was disturbed, resulting in the drainage of initial soil water from the top layers into the deeper layers. Therefore, the critical function of the top layers and the bottom layers was infiltration and storage, respectively. The source of water stored in the bottom layer was not only rainfall but also the initial soil water in the upper soil layers. Changes in soil temperature at each soil depth were comonitored with SWCv to determine the movement characteristics of soil water under different rainfall patterns. Under the delayed rainfall pattern, preferential flows preferred to occur. Under the other rainfall patterns, matrix flow was the main form of soil water movement. Rainfall amount was a better indicator than rainfall intensity for SWCv in the bottom layer under the delayed rainfall pattern. These results provide insights into the responses of SWCv under different rainfall patterns in northern China.