新疆西准噶尔地区蛇绿岩与豆荚型铬铁矿床的成因研究

本文将西准噶尔地区蛇绿岩分为两类:一类是变质橄榄岩+辉石岩+辉长岩组合(简称PPG系列),它们遵循富Ca的演化趋势,发育冶金型铬铁矿床;另一类是变质橄榄岩+橄长岩+辉长岩组合(简称PTG系列),它们遵循富Al的演化趋势,发育耐火型铬铁矿床。两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的成因机制是上地幔岩的部分熔融,而铬铁矿及纯橄岩的出现则是高度熔融的残余;堆积杂岩中出现辉石岩+辉长岩和橄长岩+辉长岩的不同组合则与岩浆房的出露深度和氧化状态有关。     

白云鄂博——一个典型的碱性-碳酸岩杂岩的厘定

在内蒙古白云鄂博地区发育着一套由碱性-碳酸岩杂岩(原H_8)、碳酸岩岩墙群、沉积—火山岩系(原H_9)、矿区浅成中基性岩岩墙群和角砾橄榄岩体群等组成的独具特色的大型杂岩。 白云鄂博Nb-Fe-RE超大型矿床其赋矿碳酸岩(H_8),长期被误认为沉积白云岩。根据综合对比研究表明,赋矿H_8同本区典型的火成碳酸岩岩墙群和世界同类碳酸岩存在着高度的相似性。而与本区典型沉积岩剖面中的腮林忽洞微晶丘和白云岩却完全迥异。故白云鄂博矿床赋矿H_8实为一典型的碱性—碳酸岩杂岩。在岩石分类学上,采用CaO-MgO-(FeO十Fe_2O_3+MnO)三端元组分分类图解,将本区碳酸岩类划分为两大独立的岩石分区,即:以方解石碳酸岩为代表的钙质碳酸岩类(Ⅰ类)和以含铁白云石或铁白云石碳酸岩为代表的镁质碳酸岩类(Ⅱ类)。前者岩浆成分属Ca Fe质系列,后者属Mg Fe质系列,两者均具有富铁演化趋势。 对世界上主要火成碳酸类(不含Na质碳酸岩)进行的统计结果,同样给出了两大独立的岩石类型分区(即Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类)和两大岩浆成分系列(Ca Fe质和Mg Fe质)。这一结果则与本区碳酸岩实际有着惊人地一致。它反映一个无可争辨的事实,即全球碳酸岩所固有的成岩成矿专属性,这一属性不受产地、成岩时代和产状等的约束,而表现一致共有的普遍规律。 赋矿碳酸岩体     

新疆西准噶尔地区两类蛇绿岩的地质特征及其成因研究

本文将西准噶尔地区蛇绿岩分为两类:一类是变质橄榄岩 橄长岩 辉长岩岩石组合(简称PTG系列);另一类则是变质橄榄岩 辉石岩 辉长岩岩石组合(简称PPG系列)。前者以达拉布特、和布克赛尔蛇绿岩带为代表,后者以唐巴勒、玛依勒山蛇绿岩带为代表。PTG系列遵循富Al的演化趋势,而PPG系列则遵循富Ca的演化趋势;从而造成两类蛇绿岩之间在岩石组合、矿物学、岩石化学、稀土元素等地球化学以及所含铬铁矿床的种属上均有明显的差异。 两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的成因机制是上地幔岩部分熔融,两者之间的差异则是由部分熔融程度决定的。而壳层岩石(指堆积杂岩、岩墙杂岩、熔岩)则是由岩浆结晶作用形成的;堆积杂岩中出现辉石岩 辉长岩和橄长岩 辉长岩的不同岩石组合则与堆积岩岩浆房出露的深度和氧化状态有关。     

Ultraviolet Photoprocessing of Interstellar Dust Mantles as a Source of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Conjugated Molecules

By co-depositing a gas mixture of simple carbon- and nitrogen-containing molecules with water on a 10 K surface and exposing it to ultraviolet radiation, we were able to form a residue. This residue was then placed aboard the EURECA satellite behind a magnesium fluoride window and exposed to solar radiation for 4 months before it was returned and analyzed. The resulting residue is believed to simulate the photoprocessing of organic dust mantles in the interstellar medium. Mass spectrometry indicated that the photoprocessing created a rich mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other conjugated organic molecules, which may explain how PAHs are replenished in space.     

Biological responses to contaminants in the Humber Estuary: disentangling complex relationships

Due to the ecological importance of estuaries, it is necessary to understand the biological effects that potentially toxic contaminants induce in bioindicator species. A key aspect is whether effects at lower levels of biological organisation transfer through the system to higher levels. In understanding such processes, characterising multivariate relationships between contaminants, sediment toxicities and detoxification processes are important. Worms (Hediste diversicolor) and sediments were collected along the Humber Estuary, England, and inorganic and organic contaminants were quantified. Sediment toxicities and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activity in the ragworm were analysed. Concentrations of metals were highest near urban and industrial areas, whereas organic contaminants appeared at upstream locations. GST activity correlated with heavy metals. The genotoxicity, oestrogenicity, dioxin and dioxin-like activity were higher at upstream locations. Oestrogenicity correlated with alkylphenols and some organochlorines, whilst genotoxicity correlated with organochlorines and heavy metals. Despite this, higher level biological responses could not be predicted, indicating that homeostasis is operating.     

The role of organochlorines in cancer-associated mortality in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)

Wild California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have an unusually high prevalence of neoplasms (18% of stranded dead adults) and high levels of contaminants. The contribution of organochlorine (OC) tissue burdens to the probability of sea lions dying from carcinoma was explored using a logistic regression model. Levels of PCBs and DDTs were determined in blubber of sea lions diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma and animals that had died from non-carcinoma-related incidents (e.g., gunshot, domoic acid poisoning). Animals with carcinoma had higher mean concentrations (based on wet weight) of PCBs and DDTs (more than 85% and 30% higher, respectively) in blubber than did sea lions without carcinoma; the highest concentrations of OCs in the sea lions affected with carcinoma were measured in the males. Blubber thickness was significantly different between the two groups of sea lions, but after controlling for this difference, there was still a significant effect of PCBs, but not DDTs, on the probability of sea lions dying with carcinoma. Age, sex, mass and length did not affect the probability of dying from carcinoma.