The Effect of Geologic Structures on the Control of Floods in the Middle Yangtze River Valley

This paper discusses the role of geologic structures in the occurrence of floods and how to prevent flood in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and gives the author's suggestion that the Luoshan Qiakou be expanded and the land reclaimed from Dongting Lake be returned to the lake in compliance with the law of geology. .     

安徽省南陵地区土壤Se分布特征及评价研究

以安徽省南陵地区土壤Se为主要研究对象,结合少量农作物Se分析结果,对研究区进行了Se含量及分布特征研究,初步划定了区内富硒土壤标准,探讨了土壤Se、有效硒与重金属的相关性关系,为富硒土壤资源的推广应用提供了依据。结果表明:研究区土壤Se含量区间0.01～0.98mg/kg,平均含量0.32mg/kg,总体呈背景含量分布,少量的低背景土壤分布于青弋江沿岸,其含量与人为活动、土壤类型和地质单元存在一定的关系;初步圈定区内富硒土壤面积152.79km~2,证明该区具备一定的富硒土壤开发利用潜力;土壤Se常与重金属伴生,而有效硒与重金属相关性不明显,有效硒随土壤Se含量的增加而增加。     

从原岩建造角度探讨辽河群的形成环境

文章通过对辽河群上百条实测剖面中岩石类型进行了加权平均统计,得出了辽河群中各种岩石类型的百分含量;对辽河群中已有的上千组岩石化学数据进行了筛选,选取具有代表性的94组数据,用以对辽河群原岩建造恢复和形成构造环境的讨论。认为辽河群的原岩建造为巨厚的陆源沉积碎屑岩—内源沉积碳酸盐岩(夹少量火山岩)建造,具有典型的大陆架沉积特征;这在威尔逊旋回中属于成年期洋盆(大西洋)阶段所独具的沉积特征,这个洋盆暂且称之为辽吉古元古洋。     

春末黄东海海域溶解氧分布特征与水团相互关系探讨

采用1987年5－6月中日合作黄东海海域综合调查溶解氧资料，参考有关文献，讨论调查海域溶解氧分布特征及与水团的对应关系。分析结果表明，各水团中溶解氧含量的差异与各水团温盐特性及生物地球化学过程不同有关。通过分析还发现溶解氧对鉴别次表层以深各水团，特别对东海次表层水及黑潮次表层以深各水团，是一个重要的指标。     

渤海湾附着生物生态

渤海湾是我国北方最主要的经济活动海区之一,船只、平台及各种海洋开发设施都会受到附着生物的影响。自1974年8月至1977年8月,对塘沽新港及其邻近船只、码头、闸门的附着生物进行调查,并于1975年9月至1977年8月,分别在渤海湾的4号平台及塘沽新港等(图1)进行二周年系统挂板。根据以上资料,初步研究了渤海湾附着生物的种类、数量及附着季节,对渤海湾近岸与远岸附着生物的异同进行比较。     

浙江南部沿岸附着生物与钻孔生物——Ⅰ.温州港附着生物初步报导

温州港地处浙江省东南部瓯江下游(北纬28°01'.6,东经120°39'.3),为一河口港.这项研究的试验点设在状元桥(离河口出海处约7海里).这里水深3米,水质混浊,呈土黄色,透明度在0.l米以下.大潮升5.1米,小潮升3.8米,大潮涨落流速3节,最大可达5.5节.水中含盐量低,而且雨季和旱季之间有很大差别.即旱季或高潮时盐度比较高,而雨季或低潮时基本上是淡水.例如8月30日高潮时含盐量11.56‰,平潮12.54‰,低潮1.47‰.     

南海休渔期调整的探讨

为更好地保护南海幼鱼资源,文章从渔港抽样调查、模型分析和时令谚语3个方面分析了调整南海休渔期的必要性。2017年的南海渔港抽样调查显示,当年的休渔期延长取得的渔业资源保护效果并不理想,但模型分析支持2017年的休渔新政应是3个半月休渔方案中保持产卵群体存量最好的方案。渔民谚语揭示南海幼鱼集中出现在4月。而目前的南海休渔期仍未能覆盖到幼鱼生长的旺发期。因此,建议现行的南海休渔时间再提前半个月或从4月1日开始休渔,甚至未来尝试在春季休渔,这样既可保护成长中的幼鱼,又可保护产卵中的亲鱼。     

Activity of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Since Late Pleistocene--The Constrain From Geochronology of High Precision U- Series Tims Method

11 samples of lava and pumice from the cone of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano, Jiling, China, were dated by using high precision U - series TIMS method. We conclude that the bottom of the cone formed before 350 ka, the middle part in 70～80 ka, the upper during 20～ 1ka, and the top less than 1ka, and the age based periods of the volcano eruption since Late Pleistocene is given as follows: ＞ 350ka, 70ka, 18 ～ 25ka, 10ka, 4C5ka, 1～0.75ka, which may offer the basis for the study of volcanic disaster in future. In addition, the principle of dating young volcanic rocks by using U - series TIMS method is introduced briefly. Differentiation characteristics of U and Th in different minerals of the volcanic rocks are discussed, and the ability producing isochrons, based on U and Th differentiation, are discussed. In the last part of the paper,the closure of samples to the elements U and Th, which is important for age results, is discussed by using (234U/238U)radioactivity ratio which can be used to monitor if the samples have been weathered or eroded or leached since the time they formed. In this study, all samples have (234U/238U) activity ratios within 1% of secular equilibrium ((234U/238U) radioactivity ratios are unity), indicating no disturbance of the 234U- 238U system. All of these discussions show that the TIMS method is good to date Tianchi volcanics and the results are reliable.     

Permafrost and taliks and their changes on the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under the climate warming北大核心CSCD

The distribution of permafrost and taliks is very complex in the Tuotuo River Basin(TRB), which is located in interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Characterizing the spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and taliks is of great significance to community activities and engineering construction in TRB. Based on the zonation of permafrost and talik distribution around TRB conducted in the 1980s, the soil temperature and its variation process of permafrost and taliks in the south and north banks of the Tuotuo River were analyzed by using the observation data of five boreholes(N1~N5)along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the north bank and five boreholes(S1~S5)on the first terrace in the south bank. The results showed that, under the climate warming, permafrost and taliks in the north banks experienced significant degradation and warming process. From 2005 to 2020, the permafrost at the N1 borehole has undergone a significant down-draw degradation process, from extremely unstable and high-temperature permafrost to thawed zone. From 2005 to 2013, the annual average ground temperature of the talik at N2 increased at a rate of 0. 3~0. 4 °C·(10a)-1. At Maqutang on the south bank, permafrost prevails from the first-class terrace to the gentle slope of the Kaixinling Mountain, with both through and non-through taliks on the first-class terrace. The spatial distribution and the thermal stability of permafrost and talik in the TRB are further promoted by analyzing the changes in temperatures at boreholes in the basin. However, to meet the requirements of mapping and engineering construction of permafrost and taliks in the TRB, it is still necessary to carry out geological investigation with multiple methods and in-depth research on development mechanism of taliks in the future. © 2022 Nanjing Forestry University. All rights reserved.     

典型城镇土壤重金属元素环境地球化学基线研究——以合肥地区为例

环境地球化学基线提供了对比及判别人类或者自然事件造成的环境扰动的标准,其研究具有重要意义和迫切需求。本文以合肥地区为例,研究典型城镇土壤中重金属元素的环境地球化学基线。采用标准化方法和统计分析方法分别计算了合肥地区城镇表层土壤重金属元素的环境地球化学基线值,结果非常一致,显示两种方法均可以很好地用于确定土壤元素环境地球化学基线,确定的基线值为:Cu(26.615μg/g)、Pb(25.818μg/g)、Zn(58.003μg/g)、Cd(0.152μg/g)。对比研究显示,获得的合肥地区城镇土壤重金属元素环境地球化学基线值均高于其背景值,同时又低于其异常下限值,完全符合环境地球化学基线的定义及其实际意义,可以很好的用于土壤元素环境地球化学评价。