渤海现代沉积作用与模式的研究

１９８７－１９９２年，中国科学院海洋研究所与渤海石油公司合作，开展了“渤海石油开发区区域性工程地质调查与评价”的研究。研究区域为水深大于１０ｍ的浅海海域。本文以调查资料为基础，对渤海现代沉积作用与模式进行了全面、深入地探讨，并予以综述。     

波浪作用下海床动力反应的数值分析

近海和离岸建筑物的基通常处于连续不断的小风浪作用之下，可将其变形视为弹性。基于二维广义Biot理论，提出了线性或非线性波浪作用下饱和弹性海床动力应应的时域有限元数值解法。静力平衡条件和Biot方程组成的边值方程可视为其特例，在比较算例中，数值计算得到的孔压和有效应力幅值沿海床深度的分布与解析解十分吻合。土骨架和孔隙流体的加速度对海床动力反应的影响很小。具体算例表明，线性波沿缓坡海床传播时，土层中超静孔压和有效应力幅值随之增大，有可能发生滑动坡坏。所提出的数值解法能够灵活地处理非线性波浪荷载，海底复杂地质条件和波浪沿缓坡传播等复杂情况。     

Evaluation of the ocean governance system in Korea

Considering the small land, dense population and poor natural resources, the oceans are important to Korea, but the recognition of oceans has been weak in Korean society. So ocean governance was fragmented in both institution and policies, which resulted in serious problems in the coastal waters and oceans. However, a series of maritime accidents and failures of policies increased the recognition of the coastal waters and resources and led to the establishment of one single ocean-related governmental agency in 1996. Over the last decade, the ocean governance in Korea has been successful and strong.     

Three‐dimensional simulation of tsunami run‐up around conical island

At the circular Babi Island in the Flores tsunami (1992) and pear shaped island in the Okushiri event (1993), unexpectedly large tsunami run‐up heights in the lee of conic islands were observed. The flume and basin physical model studies were conducted in the Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory, Engineering Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to provide a better understanding of the physical phenomena and verify numerical models used in predicting tsunami wave run‐up on beaches, islands, and vertical walls. Reasonably accurate comparison of run‐up height of solitary waves on a circular island has been obtained between laboratory experimental results and two‐dimensional computation model results. In this study we apply three‐dimensional RANS model to simulate wave run‐up on conical island. In the run‐up computation we obtain that 3D calculations are in very good comparison with laboratory and 2D numerical results. A close examination of the three‐dimensional velocity distribution around conical island to compare with depth‐integrated model is performed. It is shown that the velocity distribution along the vertical coordinate is not uniform: and velocity field is weaker in the bottom layer and higher on the sea surface. The maximum difference (about 40%) appears at the time when solitary wave reached the circular island.     

烟威及石岛近海春季水团分析

本文使用1960—1980年春季的水文资料,以温度和盐度作为主要指标,根据聚类分析逼近温盐图解,结合对该海域地理环境特征的分析,对烟台、威海及石岛近海春季的水团结构演变及其和渔场、渔期的关系进行综合分析。结果表明,北黄海及青岛外海的冷水团,以及黄海暖水团的强度与位置的变动,对春季渔期的早迟以及渔场位置的变动,都有很大的影响。     

The Effect of Internal Fluid on the Response of Vortex-Induced Vibration of Marine Risers

Based on Iwan‘s wake oseillator model developed with the classical van der Pol equalion, the differential equation for the response of the vortex-induced vihration (VIV) of the riser considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition is derived. The effect of the intermal flowing fluid on the response of VIV of the riser is studied by means of the Finite Element Method. The results show that the effect of the internal fluid velocity on the VIV of the riser is strong when the natural frequency of the riser is close to the vortex shedding frequency. In addition, the increase of the top tension can decrease the sensitivity of the riser to the internal fluid velocity.     

泉州湾海域表层沉积物矿物碎屑分布特征及其环境意义

对泉州湾13个表层沉积物样品进行了矿物碎屑定量分析．通过矿物分析，发现泉州湾不同站位的轻、重矿物组分、含量和表征存在差异．根据矿物的分布和组合特征．将耒州湾划分为4个组合区，不同组合区所处沉积环境是不同的．分析表明，研完区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物具有明显的亲陆性，物质来源主要为河流输砂和沿湾海岸侵蚀来砂，且其分布受物源、水动力条件和矿物物理性质等因素所控制。     

星载SAR浅海水下地形和水深测量模拟仿真──水下地形高度、坡度和方向与可测水深分析

根据星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)浅海水下地形和水深成像机理,建立了浅海水下地形和水深雷达后向散射截面仿真模型.利用该模型模拟并分析了不同地形条件下,浅海水下地形的雷达后向散射截面.分析结果表明,水下地形高度越高,SAR可测量的水深越深;水下地形坡度越大,越易被SAR所观测.水下地形的星载SAR测量还与水下地形的方向有关,与卫星飞行方向平行的水下地形最易被SAR观测,与卫星飞行方向垂直的水下地形最不易被SAR观测.     

中国近海蛸属(八腕目、头足纲)三新种

蛸类俗称八蛸、章鱼、八带鱼或八爪鱼,广泛分布于我国南北沿海,为近岸渔业的一种捕捞对象。我国劳动人民在长期的生产实践中,创造了十分丰富的诱蛸和钓蛸经验,为调查了解蛸类的生活习性和自然资源提供了重要的科研资料。 蛸类是一种经济价值较高的海产软体动物,其肉质的脂肪含量高,维生素甲丰富,是良好的副食。 我国近海蛸属(Octopus)种类丰富,目前已知16种(包括本文中描述的三新种),约占全世界蛸属总数(约90种)的六分之一。遵照毛主席关于“人类总得不断地总结经验,有所发现,有所发明,有所创造,有所前进”的教导,作者根据中国科学院海洋研究所历年在我国海域采到的蛸属标本,通过内外形态的综合鉴別,以及和本属中一些近似种的比较,描述了三个新种,标本存于中国科学院海洋研究所。     

卡尔曼滤波在GPS潮位数据处理中的应用

利用RTK GPS技术测量潮位数据时,在把具体的潮位数据提取出来以后还会存在很多的异常点或不确定点,因此我们要在提取出具体波动的过程中实时的修正,才能得到有效的资料。文中简要介绍了卡尔曼滤波的基本原理,以及如何应用于GPS潮位数据的处理,并通过试验讨论卡尔曼滤波在数据处理中的效果。