利用GPS资料研究郯庐带现今运动及变形状态

本文利用华北地区1999-2001年,2001-2004年,2004-2007年及2007-2009年四期GPS速度场资料,基于块体的整体旋转与均匀应变模型,分析了郯庐断裂带中南段的运动及变形特征。结果显示：潍坊—郯城段主要为右旋走滑的变形特征,而郯城—庐江段则为左旋滑动的变形特征,两段垂直断层方向上的变形表现为“张压交替”的特征。基于刚体运动模型,计算了扣除环渤海湾区域整体刚性运动的华北地区GPS速度场,并分析了环渤海湾区域块体的变形状态,结果显示环渤海区虽然各期的变形特征不同,特别是郯庐带附近,各期的运动特征差异较大,但基本可反映燕山—渤海地震带是运动特征差异的分界线,且每期郯庐带各站点的一致性运动明显。     

2013年4月22日科尔沁左翼后旗M5.3地震的发震构造初探

2013年4月22日内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼后旗、辽宁阜新市彰武县交界发生5.3级地震.研究发现,该地震序列震中分布、震源机制及烈度考察极震区长轴方向均为近东西方向,与横贯震区的养畜牧河断裂走向一致,综合判定该断裂是5.3级地震的发震构造.     

预制钢筋混凝土桩静载荷试验异常沉降及复打处理分析

本文分析了一例工程预制钢筋混凝土桩竖向静载荷试验异常沉降及复打处理分析结果并结合设计,施工应注意的问题。     

Turbidite stacking patterns in salt‐controlled minibasins: Insights from integrated analogue models and numerical fluid flow simulations

The sea floor of intraslope minibasins on passive continental margins plays a significant role in controlling turbidity current pathways and the resulting sediment distribution. To address this, laboratory analogue modelling of intraslope minibasin formation is combined with numerical flow simulations of multi‐event turbidity currents. This approach permits an improved understanding of evolving flow–bathymetry–deposit interactions and the resulting internal stacking patterns of the infills of such minibasins. The bathymetry includes a shelf to slope channel followed by an upper minibasin, which are separated by a confining ridge from two lower minibasins that compares well with analogous bathymetries reported from natural settings. From a wider range of numerical flow experiments, a series of 100 consecutive flows is reported in detail. The turbidity currents are released into the channel and upon reaching the upper minibasin follow a series of stages from short initial ponding, ‘filling and spilling’ and an extended transition to long retrogradational ponding. Upon reaching the upper minibasin floor, the currents undergo a hydraulic jump and therefore much sediment is deposited in the central part of the minibasin and the counterslope. This modifies the bathymetry such that in the fill and spill stage, flow stripping and grain‐size partitioning cause some finer sediment to be transported across the confining ridge into the lower minibasins. Throughout the basin infill process, the sequences retrograde upstream, accompanied by lateral switching into locally formed depressions in the upper minibasin. After the fill and spill stage, significant deposition occurs in the channel where retrograding cyclic steps with wavelengths of 1 to 2 km develop as a function of pulsating flow criticality. These results are at variance with conventional schemes that emphasize sequential downstream minibasin filling through ponding dominated by vertical aggradation. Comparison of these results with published field and experimental examples provides support for the main conclusions.     

Climate Response Analysis of Pinus massoniana Tree-Ring Chronology in Shuangpai County,China

The formation of tree-rings is closely related to climate variation. This paper establishes the tree-ring chronology of Pinus massoniana for a period of 36 years and examines the relationship between the tree-ring chronology and climatic conditions based on tree-ring width samples from three sites on the northeast slopes of Yangming Mountain. This data is used to study the relationship between the tree-ring width of a young tree and climatic conditions in a moist hilly region of southern China and to understand the general pattern of climate variation and its effects on tree growth in the past in this region. The results indicate that changes in tree-ring widths in these sites are closely related to local climatic conditions. There is a significant positive correlation between the radial growth of Pinus massoniana and the mean temperature of the current year from January to May (coefficient of correlation, R, is 0.596, P<0.01) and the mean temperature of the previous year from June to July (R is 0.639, P<0.01). The radial growth of Pinus massoniana is negatively correlated with the total precipitation of the previous year from January to March and November to December (R is -0.46, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the total precipitation of the previous year from June to July (R is -0.582, P<0.05). The effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Pinus massoniana is known as the “hysteresis effect”.     

Formation of hydrochemical composition and spatio-temporal evolution mechanism under mining-induced disturbance in the Linhuan coal-mining district

Coal mining is bound to destroy natural hydrochemical environment. However, in the concealed coal field in North China, the hydrogeochemical characteristics of discharge aquifers under mining-induced disturbance has not been researched from view of space and time, and the true hydrochemical feature and spatio-temporal evolution mechanism could not be well revealed. For this reason, taking the Linhuan coal-mining district as study area, conventional ions and trace elements are studied by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that main formations of hydrochemical composition are lixiviation and dissolution for the first principal component and cation exchange and absorption for the second principal component, respectively. In general, the main formation of hydrochemical composition in the unconsolidated pore aquifer is lixiviation and dissolution. The main formation in the coal and sandstone cranny aquifer is cation exchange and absorption, which are gradually weakened with lixiviation and dissolution. The main formation in the karst aquifer is lixiviation and dissolution, which are gradually strengthened with cation exchange and absorption. The research provides theoretical foundation for the water-inrush precaution and the protection and utilization of water resources in concealed coal field in North China.     

哈萨克斯坦楚—萨雷苏盆地砂岩型铀矿床地质—水文地质条件及地浸工艺

楚—萨雷苏盆地位于中亚哈萨克斯坦东南部,是全球最著名的产铀盆地之一。本文从区域地层和大地构造背景出发,分析了该盆地铀成矿条件和铀矿化时空分布特征,总结了典型矿床的品位、厚度、埋深、形态、矿物成分、化学成分及渗透性、富水性等地质—水文地质方面的特点,结合该地区普遍采用的地浸采铀工艺,探讨了其地浸开采规模化、标准化和低成本的原因,并借鉴哈萨克斯坦在砂岩型铀矿勘查、采冶过程中的先进理念和实践经验,为我国盆地铀资源的研究和开发提出了建议。     

SV波斜入射下混凝土重力坝易损性分析

易损性分析是评估不同强度地震作用下混凝土重力坝各级破坏概率的有效方法。目前重力坝易损性分析通常假定地震波为垂直入射,然而在近断层区域,地震波往往是倾斜入射的,地震波斜入射对重力坝地震响应有显著影响。从太平洋地震工程研究中心数据库选取16条地震动记录,采用黏弹性人工边界结合等效节点荷载实现SV波斜入射波动输入。采用增量动力分析方法对地震动峰值加速度进行调幅,以印度Koyna混凝土重力坝为研究对象,以坝顶相对位移为抗震性能指标,建立SV波斜入射下重力坝不同震损等级的易损性曲线。结果表明,与垂直入射相比,相同震损等级和相同地震动强度下,斜入射时重力坝破坏概率减小;当PGA接近重力坝实际遭受的地震动强度时,入射角为15°和30°时破坏概率与垂直入射相比最大减小率分别为27.3%和68.2%;各地震强度下,15°和30°斜入射相对于垂直入射的破坏概率差异值最大分别达36.6%、83.9%。因此,混凝土重力坝抗震性能分析应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。研究结果也可为近断层区域混凝土重力坝安全风险评估提供参考。     

三峡水库支流甲烷排放研究进展

甲烷(CH₄)对全球温室效应有着较大的贡献。三峡水库自2003年蓄水以来,其CH₄排放问题已受到广泛关注。但三峡水库反季节的运行方式,使支流库湾CH₄的产生和传输过程受到多方面的影响,进而导致其CH₄排放效应尚不十分明确。本文综述了三峡水库支流CH₄排放的研究进展,典型支流的CH₄排放通量普遍高于干流,位于三峡水库库尾的部分支流CH₄排放通量高于三峡水库库首及库中支流。大多数典型支流的CH₄通量在夏季均达到全年峰值,而在冬季高水位运行期均处于相对较低的水平。同时本文主要从水环境条件、水动力条件、人类活动及气象条件4个方面阐述了三峡水库支流CH₄排放的影响因素。1)水环境条件:支流水华后藻类衰亡分解过程会驱动CH₄释放,且藻类的演替过程会加剧CH₄的产生;温度可以直接影响CH₄的生成速率和消耗速率,也能通过促进藻的生长间接影响CH₄排放;支流相对较低的甲烷氧化菌丰度是其CH₄通量较高的原因之一。2)水动力条件:蓄水期CH₄主要以扩散的方式进行释放,支流较低的流速促进了悬浮物的沉积,上游沉积物中的CH₄含量高于下游;泄水期CH₄主要以冒泡的方式进行释放,下游沉积物中TOC急剧增加,但干流的入侵会削弱支流的温度分层,破坏藻类生长环境,间接影响CH₄通量。3)人类活动:农业耕作使支流水体中的营养物浓度增加,甲烷氧化菌的丰富度降低,细菌群落的营养相关代谢增强;建设用地扩大、支流筑坝增加抑制了有机物的传输,增加了水体中的产CH₄底物,促进了CH₄的产生。4)气象条件:降雨会携带更多营养物质进入支流,同时会增加水体浊度、破坏水体的温度分层,从而对CH₄的产生和传输过程造成影响。最后对未来的研究热点进行了展望,以期为三峡水库CH₄排放的控制和管理提供参考。     

山东半岛致灾大暴雨成因个例分析

对2006年7月27日山东半岛东部致灾暴雨的成因进行了分析,暴雨是由4个中β尺度的对流云团影响产生的.在华南沿海登陆的0605号热带低压"格美"的倒槽、高空西风槽和副热带高压相互作用,在热带低压的东部和副热带高压的西侧形成偏南风低空急流,建立起通向暴雨区的水汽通道.低层暖湿气流的输送,使得中低层大气高温高湿和对流性不稳定.在低空南风急流的左前方,辐合、正涡度和上升运动发展,正k螺旋度增强;高空槽前西南风急流的右后侧,辐散和负涡度发展,负k螺旋度猛烈发展,对低层产生抽吸作用,加强了低层的辐合上升运动,触发对流不稳定能量释放,中尺度对流云团发展,造成强降水.