太仓郊区河流沉积物重金属污染现状及评价

选择太仓市郊区河流沉积物为研究对象,开展了重金属污染现状及评价研究。研究表明,相对于地壳或页岩平均值,沉积物中大部分重金属呈现不同程度的富集;地质累积指数和富集因子分析表明,位于城镇附近的采样点受到污染,且主要污染因子为Cr、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn等。结果显示,沉积物Zn含量高达1770mg／kg,是农用污泥Zn使用容许最高值500mg／kg的3倍多,沉积物由于Zn、Cr、Cu等的严重污染不能用作施用污泥;利用重金属与Fe之间的相关特征结果显示,城镇工业、生活污水的排放是沉积物重金属污染的主要因素。     

贵州北盘江大桥高边坡特征及其工程效应研究

高山峡谷地区的北盘江大桥两岸高边坡,表部风化卸荷严重。因此,对其稳定性及危害程度进行准确评价显得尤为重要。首先,对两岸边坡的结构类型、结构面与坡面的组合、岩体风化及物理力学性质等特征进行了研究;然后,对两岸边坡的岩体进行了质量分级;在岩体质量分级的基础上,利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对两岸边坡在自重、大桥荷载和地震作用下引起的工程效应进行了综合评价。     

利用TM数据提取干旱区土地覆被信息的方法比较

以柴达木盆地香日德绿洲作为研究实验区,对该区域ETM遥感数据经过空间分辨率融合、主成分分析等方法进行空间信息增强及专题信息增强处理,组合最佳视觉背景图像,分别在不同背景图像上选择训练样本,利用最大似然法监督分类方法(MLC)、多空间尺度分层聚类(SSHC)和基于知识的模糊聚类方法(KFC)等分类器,分别用各自训练样本初始化各类别信息特征值,形成类别特征值模式库,分别以此为基础对待分样本进行分类,对初分类的结果经过类别合并、碎斑滤除以及重新编码赋色等分类后处理,得到最终分类结果及分类精度评价结果。从所获数据可以得出如下结论：从总体精度和Kappa值可知,SSHC和．KFC分类方法所获结果精度较高,总体精度比MLC分类结果约高于3％,SSHC之结果精度略高于KFC之结果;SSHC、KFC和MLC三种分类方法对该区域地表覆被信息的提取分类中,SSHC分类方法对耕地、石砾地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,KFC分类方法对耕地、沙地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,MLC分类方法对耕地、河滩和荒漠分类结果较好,三种分类方法对耕地、河滩和荒漠等三种地类的分类精度较高,用户精度都在80％以上,而对沙地和石砾地的分类结果其用户精度大都低于80％。     

三种常用声速算法的比较

在近几年的西太平洋调查中使用了SV Plus声速测量仪,共获取了46个站点的声速剖面,并基于同步观测的CTD数据,利用3种常用的声速算法计算了这些站点的声速剖面。所有这些站点的测深度均超过1500m,而且调查时间为3个不同的季节。CTD数据计算得到的声速剖面与声速测量仪器观测的声速剖面的比较表明,在三种算法中,Chen和Millero算法在积分平均意义上是最好的。当定点比较时,在水深大于800m或者小于200m的范围内,Wilson算法较好;在其他水深范围内,Chen和Millero的算法的计算结果和实际测量结果较为一致。     

大连沿海排污口及邻近水域细菌动态分析

于2011年3月、5月、8月和10月对大连沿海10个排污口及部分排污口的邻近水域分别采集水样, 对样本进行细菌总数3M试纸计数、2216E培养基和TCBS培养基培养并菌落计数, 对不同菌株进行16S rRNA基因克隆测序, 鉴定种属, 对细菌时间、空间的动态分布与群落结构及细菌分布与生态因子的相关性进行了分析。结果表明, 不同的排污口之间细菌总数差别很大, 数量在(1.6—500.0)×104cfu/mL之间; 排污口与其邻近水域差异明显, 排污口、邻近5m、100m和500m距离的细菌总数全年平均分别为77.94×104、 34.00×104、 4.520×104和0.448×104 cfu/mL。不同季节之间, 远距离水样季节性差异较大, 而排污口间季节性差异相对较小。在群落构成上, 假交替单胞菌属、肠杆菌科、假单胞菌属、弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属为优势菌属, 检出率较高, 数量较大。细菌分布与多种生态因子具有不同程度的相关。     

Response of bedload transport, submarine topography, and dune internal structures to typhoon processes off Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf

Bedload sediment transport was estimated by the SEDTRANS96 model based on three-day hydrodynamics data obtained off the Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Bedforms on the sea floor off the Dongfang coast and internal structures of a typical dune were interpreted to evaluate storm influences on individual dunes and the dune field. Results indicated that flow forcings and related bedload transport were both strengthened significantly due to Typhoon Ketsana. The measurements and modeling results, which mainly included three different stages, presented noticeable phasic variation. The three stages were dominated by tidal current (Period Ⅰ), tidal current combined with wind-induced waves (Period Ⅱ), and swells combined with tidal current and seaward flows (Period Ⅲ). This phasic variation could be a common trait of hydrodynamics due to typhoons moving westwardly to the south of Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf in South China Sea. Results indicated that the maximum bedload transport rate for every burst in Period Ⅲ was almost 100 times larger than that in Period I and was ten times larger than that in Period II. However, the short-term increase in bedload transport induced by storms like Ketsana did not change the long-term evolution of dune morphology. Evidence was given by the internal structures of a typical dune, which revealed renewed modification under subsequent moderate conditions after storm erosion. Instead, storms may influence at different scales and regional allocation of sand dunes in some large areas because changes of the sea floor in large scales can hardly be recovered. More surveys during and after storm passage are also needed to document the level of positive contribution to forward migration.     

Observations of the Karimata Strait througflow from December 2007 to November 2008

In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas transport/exchange (SITE) program. A pair of surface and bottom acoustic modems was employed to transfer the measured velocity without recovering the mooring. The advantage and problems of the instruments in this field work are reported and discussed. The field observations confirm the existence of the South China Sea branch of Indonesian throughflow via the Karimata Strait with a stronger southward flow in boreal winter and weaker southward bottom flow in boreal summer, beneath the upper layer northward (reversal) flow. The estimate of the averaged volume, heat and freshwater transports from December 2007 to March 2008 (winter) is (-2.7 ± 1.1) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.30 ± 0.11) PW, (-0.18 ± 0.07) × 106m3/s and from May to September 2008 (summer) is (1.2 ± 0.6) × 106m3/s, (0.14 ± 0.03) PW, (0.12 ± 0.04) × 106m3/s and for the entire record from December 2007 to October 2008 is (-0.5 ± 1.9) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.05 ± 0.22) PW, (-0.01 ± 0.15) × 106m3/s (negative/positive represents southward/northward transport), respectively. The existence of southward bottom flow in boreal summer implies that the downward sea surface slope from north to south as found by Fang et al. (2010) for winter is a year-round phenomenon.     

Variations in silicate concentration affecting photosynthetic carbon fixation by spring phytoplankton assemblages in surface water of the Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (SoM), the world’s busiest sea-route, is increasingly polluted as the rapid development of world trades, affecting phytoplankton primary productivity therein. The variations of surface phytoplankton biomass, size-structure and carbon fixation were investigated across the SoM during the spring period (May 4 to 9, 2011). Chlorophyll a concentration increased from 0.12 μg/L at the northwest entrance of the SoM to a maximal 0.63 μg/L at narrowest section, and decreased to 0.10 μg/L at the southeast entrance. Photosynthetic carbon fixation by phytoplankton coincided well with Chl a biomass, and increased from 10.8 to 22.3 μg C/(L d), then decreased to 9.21 μg C/(L d); while the carbon fixation rate showed an inverse pattern to the changes of Chl a, and decreased from 87.1 to 35.5 μg C/(μg Chl a d) and increased thereafter to 95.3 μg C/(μg Chla·d). Picophytoplankton cells (<3 μm) contributed to more than 60% and 50% of the total Chl a and carbon fixation at both the entry waters; while the contributions of pico-cells decreased sharply to the minimum of 18.3% and 27.5% at the narrowest part of the SoM. In particular, our results showed that the silicate concentration positively regulated Chl a biomass and carbon fixation, reflecting that the higher silicate favoured the growth of phytoplankton and thus led to higher primary production in this strait.     

2007 年长江口邻近海域夏季上升流演变机制研究

研究长江口邻近海域夏季上升流强度和空间分布的变化,对渔业生产和赤潮的防治具有重要的指导意义.采用2007年6~10月高分辨率卫星遥感资料 NGSST 海表温度和 CCMP 风场,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解和区域海洋数值模式(ROMS)研究了该海域夏季上升流的短期演变机制及其与 SST 异常的关系.结果表明,夏季上升流强度和范围存在明显变化,是引起该海域 SST 异常的重要原因;风场对上升流短期演变起着关键作用,风应力旋度对局地上升流变化的影响与沿岸风应力同等重要;地形变化影响着上升流中心的分布,陡而窄的海底凸起容易在顺流侧形成较强的上升流中心,并在逆流侧诱发下降流.     

西沙周缘新生代构造演化与盆地充填响应特征

利用南海西沙周缘地震资料,进行了地震相研究,并结合邻区地质资料,进行了南海西沙周缘新生代沉积相分析,讨论了盆地的充填演化历史。研究认为,南海西沙周缘盆地充填断陷期以陆相和海陆过渡相沉积为主;坳陷期以海陆过渡相和海相沉积为主,自下而上充填了一套冲积相-湖相(始新统)-海陆交替相(渐新统)-滨浅海台地相(中-下中新统)-浅海、半深海相(上新统-第四系)沉积序列,盆地的充填历史反映了南海西沙周缘沉积环境由陆相向海相逐渐过渡的过程。通过对油气地质条件分析,认为始新世-渐新世早期是重要的烃源岩发育期;渐新世晚期-中新世中期是储层发育期;中新世晚期后是区域该层发育时期。