Tree-Ring Carbon Isotopic Constraints on Carbon-Water Exchanges between Atmosphere and Biosphere in Drought Regions in Northwestern China

The comparison between the carbon isotope and the index of ring width of a pine disc from the Tuomuer Peak region in Xinjiang shows that the effects of climate changes on the tree-ring growth and carbon iso-topic fractionation varies with time. The reason is probably relative to the characters of climate changes and adaptability of the tree-ring growth to climate changes. The relationships between the atmospheric CO2 level and the revised δ13Cair by the tree-ring carbon isotope indicate that the carbon cycle is not in a steady state, but under a stage-change condition in this area. It also can be concluded that the ratio of CO2 from the terrestrial eco-system has increased, and the flux of CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the biosphere was gradually increasing over the past century. In addition, the results also confirm the validity and superiority of the carbon isotope to the research of the water-use efficiency.     

Autumn intensification of the Ryukyu Current during 2003-2007

Inverse calculations using data from 16 repeat hydrographic transects collected from April 2003 to June 2007 have yielded velocity structures and volume transports(VTs) of the Ryukyu Current in the region east of the northern Ryukyu Islands.The inverse calculation results show that the Ryukyu Current is dominated by a subsurface velocity core with maximum velocities from 15.1 to 80.0 cm/s,whose positions vary between 110 and 600 dbar and 27.2°-28.2°N along the transect.The mean velocity exhibits a subsurface velocity core with a maximum value of 24.6 cm/s at 326 dbar depth,a VT of 14.0 Sv(1 Sv≡106 m3/s),a vertical dimension of 800 m,and a horizontal dimension of 60 km.The seasonal mean velocities show that the Ryukyu Current is stronger in autumn than in other seasons.It is suggested that this seasonal variation is coincident with the intensification of the anticyclonic eddy south of Shikoku,Japan.     

指标驱动下以任务流为中心的在线交互制图模型

在线制图是一个复杂的交互过程,任务流是交互制图系统的一种新理念和新方法。分析不同的地图制图模型,根据统计数据和专题地图可视化的特点,提出统计指标驱动下以任务流为中心的在线地图制图模型,并给出网络地图符号XML定义描述,结合某市在线动态专题地图可视化的应用实例,研究基于该模型的统计数据Web空间可视化的各种方法和应用,表明该可视化体系和功能流程模式具有很好的推广价值。     

喜马拉雅山佩枯岗日冰川地貌的年代学、平衡线高度和气候研究

喜马拉雅山珠穆朗玛峰-希夏邦马峰地区是青藏高原南部现代冰川集中发育区之一,古冰川遗迹亦十分丰富,是研究第四纪青藏高原冰川形成和演化的关键区,一直备受地貌和第四纪环境研究者的关注.应用原地宇宙核素10Be暴露年龄测试技术,对采自希夏邦马峰西北佩枯岗日拉曲谷地冰碛垄上的冰川漂砾进行年代学研究;结合冰川地貌分析方法,对古冰川...     

Selected Trace Elements in Snowpack on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Eastern Tianshan, China: As Yielded by Leaching Treatment Representative of Real-World Environmental Conditions

To investigate the seasonal variability and potential environmental significance of trace elements in mountain glaciers, the surface snow and snow pit samples were collected at Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (43o06'N, 86o49'E, 4 130 m a.s.l.), eastern Tianshan (天山), from September 2002 to September 2003, and analyzed for Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, and Ba. The samples were acidified (leached) in a manner intended to reasonably approximate the extent to which the natural hydrologic and weathering cycles would liberate elem...     

Rapid Shrinking of Glaciers in the Middle Qilian Mountain Region of Northwest China during the Last ～50 Years

During the past five decades, fluctuations of glaciers were reconstructed from historical documents, aerial photographs, and remote sensing data. From 1956 to 2003, 910 glaciers investigated had reduced in area by 21.7% of the 1956 value, with a mean reduction for the individual glacier of 0.10 km2. The relative area reductions of small glaciers were usually higher than those of large ones, which exhibited larger absolute loss, indicating that the small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change than la...     

沧州市深层水中氟离子变化与地层释水估算

沧州市地面沉降过程中地层压密释水导致水资源组成发生变化,这部分释水量是水均衡计算中必须要考虑的,但现有的调查数据并不明确。通过地下水中氟离子浓度的变化来解释地面沉降与弱透水层释水机理,并采用二元混合模型估算地下水开采资源组成中越流与释水所占份额。结果显示:沧州市承压含水层中氟离子浓度与地面沉降量存在着对应关系,在压缩释水阶段,开采量中有56%来自黏性土压密释水;在越流发生阶段,开采量中有36%来自越流补给。这表明压密黏性土释水是水资源评价的重要组成部分。     

利用卫星观测海面信息反演三维温度场

基于历史观测的温盐剖面资料,采用回归分析方法统计出海面温度异常、海面动力高度异常与温度剖面异常之间的相关关系;然后利用高分辨率的卫星遥感海表面温度(SST)和卫星观测海面高度(SSH)信息重构了三维海洋温度场。在台湾岛周边海域建立了时间分辨率为天、空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的三维温度分析场。通过与实测资料的比较分析,文章所构建的分析场能够较好地描述海洋三维温度场的结构特征,能够较为真实地反映海洋的中尺度变化过程。该分析场可以作为海洋数值模式的初始场,也可以作为伪观测同化到海洋数值再分析和预报系统中,进而改善三维温、盐、流的数值再分析和预报。     

碱式水解法提取红土分子化石: 以安徽宣城更新世网纹红土为例

红土中种类丰富的分子化石为红土古生态研究提供了直接证据, 但较低含量的分子化石限制了传统索氏抽提方法的推广应用.本次研究尝试性地运用碱式水解法提取安徽宣城更新世红土中的分子化石, 在25g样品中检测到了含量明显、种类丰富的有机物, 且该方法可以显著地降低空白污染, 这说明碱式水解法在分子化石含量低的地质体(如红土) 研究中具有一定的应用潜力.本次研究检测出除了传统索式抽提得到的正构烷烃、脂肪酸、脂肪醇等以外, 还提取到了二元羧酸这一重要化合物, 它的存在为网纹红土可能形成于多水环境提供了新的证据.测试样品中各类分子化石组合信息显示出红土有机物以微生物为主的来源特征, 表明网纹红土形成过程受到了微生物活动的影响, 同时伴有大量低等菌、藻来源有机质的输入, 初步结果为红土形成环境研究提供了新的证据.      

A laboratory study of rheological properties of mudflows in Hangzhou Bay,China

A laboratory study of the rheology of mudflows in Hangzhou Bay, China, is reported in this paper. Both the steady and oscillatory （dynamic） rheological properties are studied using RMS-605 rheometer. A Dual-Bingham model is proposed for analyzing flow curves and compared with Worrall-Tuliani model. It is found that Dual-Bingham plastic rheological model is easier to implement than Worrall-Tuliani model and can provide satisfactory representations of the steady mudflows in Hangzhou Bay and other published data. The dependence of the yield stress and viscosity on sediment concentration is discussed based on the data from Hangzhou Bay mud and other published data. For the dynamic rheologieal properties of Hangzhou Bay mud, empirical expressions for elastic modulus and dynamic viscosity are provided in the form of exponential functions of sediment volume concentration, and comparisons with other published data also discussed.