珠江口盆地白云凹陷地温场特征及烃源岩热演化

通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷108口钻井的地温数据(BHT、MDT、DST)进行校正、分析,以点到面重构白云凹陷的现今地温场,再结合地质与地球化学资料,正演恢复白云凹陷烃源岩的热演化史及生烃史.研究结果显示:(1)白云凹陷具有变地温场,地温梯度分布在35～60℃/km之间,呈现出南高北低的分布特征.(2)受控于白云凹陷变地...     

碎屑沉积岩/沉积物Sm-Nd、U-Pb与Hf同位素的化学地球动力学意义

碎屑沉积岩能有效记录它们的源区。碎屑沉积岩的Nd同位素组成及其中锆石U-Pb年龄与Hf同位素组成是解析碎屑物质源区、源区壳-幔相互作用及不同块体间相互作用的关键方法。全岩/全样的Nd模式年龄可以指示其源区地壳从亏损地幔分离的平均时间,而锆石Hf同位素模式年龄能够揭示出所测锆石颗粒其形成时的源区特征。细粒碎屑沉积岩/沉积物化学组成代表了其源区上地壳在风化、搬运、沉积过程中不溶于水的Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Sc、Ti、Th、REE等的平均组成。实践表明,华北板块、扬子板块、以大兴安岭为代表的中亚造山带东部具有明显不同的形成与演化历史。大兴安岭的地壳增生主要发生于新元古代—古生代期间。由碎屑沉积岩进行化学动力学分析时,应充分系统考虑地质过程的复杂性,将宏观与微观相结合、局部与整体相结合。     

面向水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪及应用

针对多波束点云数据去噪难以保留精细特征,无法精确“锁定”河床形态问题,本文提出了一种面向自然资源确权水流三维登记探索的多波束点云去噪算法。以KD树搜索为基础,引入统计滤波理论进行多尺度噪声分类,并剔除大尺度噪声;针对小尺度噪声,在信息熵理论基础上,以主成分分析算法为基础,以信息熵最小原则确定最优邻域,并据此构建曲率信息熵对双边滤波因子进行优化改进,以实现水下地形点云去噪与精细特征保留的目的。试验结果表明,本文算法具有可行性,能够有效保证水下地形的精细特征,并能够应用于自然资源水流三维登记。     

Reliable single-epoch ambiguity resolution for short baselines using combined GPS/BeiDou system

GNSS single-epoch real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning depends on correct ambiguity resolution. If the number of observed satellites in a single epoch is insufficient, which often happens with a standalone GNSS system, the ambiguity resolution is difficult to achieve. China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System has been providing continuous passive positioning, navigation and timing services since December 27, 2012, covering China and the surrounding area. This new system will increase the number of satellites in view and will have a significant effect on successful ambiguity resolution. Since the BeiDou system is similar to GPS, the procedure of data processing is easier than that for the Russian GLONASS system. We briefly introduce the time and the coordinate system of BeiDou and also the BeiDou satellite visibility in China, followed by the discussion on the combined GPS/BeiDou single-epoch algorithm. Experiments were conducted and are presented here, in which the GPS/BeiDou dual-frequency static data were collected in Wuhan with the baseline distance varying from 5 to 13 km, and processed in separate and combined modes. The results indicate that, compared to a standalone GPS or BeiDou system, the combined GNSS system can increase the successful ambiguity fixing rate for single epochs and can also improve the precision of short baselines determination.     

Triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution for Beidou navigation satellite system

The Chinese Beidou system, also known as Compass, has entered its trial operational stage and can already provide services for triple-frequency users. Using triple-frequency signals is expected to be of great benefit for ambiguity resolution. Based on error characteristic analysis of the Beidou frequencies, we introduce the procedure of selecting the best combinations of triple-frequency signals. The geometry-based model and geometry-free model of triple-frequency signals are presented. Three triple-frequency carrier ambiguity resolution (TCAR) methods are described, which include the cascading rounding method, the stepwise AR method and the modified stepwise AR method. In order to evaluate the performance of these methods, observations from baselines of various lengths were collected using Beidou triple-frequency receivers and were processed epoch-by-epoch using the three methods. The same observation data were also processed in a dual-frequency mode for comparison. The results show that, compared to the dual-frequency based solution, the single epoch ambiguity resolution success rate with triple frequency improved nearly 30 % for the short baselines (<20 km) and 100 % for the mid-length baselines (20–50 km) using the proposed modified stepwise AR method.     

基于大量卫星图像研究青岛汇泉湾海滩近40年的地形地貌演变

受自然变化和人类活动影响,全球海滩普遍侵蚀。研究基于大量卫星图像评估海滩演变的方法,对于缺乏实测资料的海滩的侵蚀防护具有重要意义。使用1984~2021年的993幅卫星图像,采用聚焦剖面的亚像素海岸线识别方法识别水边线和干湿线位置,进一步得出平均高、低潮线,沟槽中线和沙坝坝顶位置,利用多指标重建汇泉湾海滩地形地貌的时空演变。使用固定地物对Sentinel卫星图像进行了地理精校正,基于海滩实测结果评估了海滩岸线位置误差。结果显示,平均高潮线、沟槽中线和沙坝坝顶的系统误差和随机误差以及平均低潮线的随机误差均较小,但平均低潮线的系统误差偏大。研究结果还揭示青岛汇泉湾海滩近40年的地形和地貌演变主要受人类活动影响。海滩平均高潮线在2003年海滩整治和补沙后由稳定转为蚀退,在2017年海滩补沙后淤进减缓;沙坝和沟槽的演变则与2002年海滩东南部码头拆除有关。建议重视研究区沙坝和沟槽近期变化,定期监测以进一步掌握其演变规律,并向沙坝和沟槽补细砂维护汇泉湾海滩。     

Vegetation recovery and landscape change assessment at Chiufenershan landslide area caused by Chichi earthquake in central Taiwan

This study discusses vegetation recovery and land cover change with reference to the Chiufenershan landslide, a major disaster caused by the Chichi earthquake, 21 September 1999. Image classification technology, landscape indicators from multi-temporal remotely sensed data and a field survey provide the data. Image differencing methods and threshold values coupled with pre- and post-quake satellite images were used. Multi-temporal images in combination with various vegetation indices were drawn on to classify land cover patterns and discuss differences and suitability of indices. Landscape indicators and field investigations fed into an investigation of vegetation recovery and landscape change. The study results show that the best image classification system is original wavebands coupled with a cropping management factor index (CMFI). The land cover analysis shows that areas of forest and grass are increasing and areas of landslide are decreasing. From the field investigation, because the left and right sides of the landslide area were not disturbed by the earthquake, their calculated similarity index is the highest (30.08%). Miscanthus floridulus is the most dominant pioneer plant at the landslide collapse area with an importance value index (IVI) of 63.6%.     

基于等价方差-协方差阵的稳健最小二乘估计理论研究

在对现有的基于等价权的稳健估计的弊端进行分析的基础上 ,建立起一套基于调整观测量方差 -协方差阵的稳健最小二乘估计理论 ,包括相关ρ函数、相关φ函数、等价方差 -协方差函数、等价方差 -协方差因子、影响函数、崩溃污染率等。通过算例证明本文所提出的基于等价方差 -协方差的稳健估计思想、模型的正确性和可行性     

中尺度对地观测系统支持下中国综合自然 地理区划新方法论研究

在中国地理学发展史上,最值得纪念的成就之一是我国地理学家对中国综合自然地理环境采用区划的方法进行的研究。我国首次发布完整的综合自然地理区划方案至今已有50年历史。在这期间,产生了7个中国综合自然地理区划主要方案,建立了经典的区划方法论。近年来,中国生态区划研究、全球变化区域响应与适应研究对发展我国综合自然地理区划方法论做出了特殊的贡献。在全球和中国对地观测系统数据加速发展的支持下,本文对比了新形势下区划目的、内容、途径、范围、原则、依据、指标、等级系统、界线、研究单元、数据信息、分析计算、基础设施与研究环境条件发生的新变化,认为在中国未来20年发展的过程中,中国综合自然地理区划的目的将由主要为农业生产服务转向资源、环境、生态综合考虑,为可持续发展服务。全球对地观测系统,特别是中尺度对地观测系统数据资源和相关技术的发展和广泛应用,必将对以信息化、数字化为时代特点的中国综合自然地理区划新方法论的产生和体系的建立起到划时代意义的促进作用。     

城市化与生态环境交互耦合机制与规律性分析

本文分析了城市化与生态环境的交互耦合机制,采用代数学和几何学两种方法对环境库兹涅茨(KUZNETS)曲线和城市化对数曲线进行逻辑复合,推导出城市化与生态环境交互耦合的数理函数和几何曲线,揭示出区域生态环境随城市化的发展存在先指数衰退、后指数改善的耦合规律。交互耦合的过程分为低水平协调、拮抗、磨合和高水平协调四个阶段。文章最后对浙江省进行了实证分析