北斗RDSS授时服务性能评估

针对现有卫星导航系统RDSS授时服务研究较少的问题,该文结合北斗实测数据,提出采用时间序列分析法评估北斗RDSS单向和双向授时服务性能,系统地研究了单向授时原理和双向授时原理,并介绍了北斗RDSS实测数据和精度评估方法。通过分析钟差总体情况、零值分段情况、噪声情况及授时精度等,得出结论:RDSS单向授时精度小于30ns,RMS平均值为6.81ns;RDSS双向授时精度小于20ns,RMS平均值为3.60ns;各波束的单向授时和双向授时数据均存在周期切换现象,且单向授时数据存在分层现象。该结论可用于RDSS系统差补偿,为北斗系统差一致性提供参考,进而提高系统服务精度。     

Control of Facies and Potential on Jurassic Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Prediction of Favorable Targets in the Hinterland Region of the Junggar Basin

<正>Exploration practices show that the Jurassic System in the hinterland region of the Junggar Basin has a low degree of exploration but huge potential,however the oil/gas accumulation rule is very complicated,and it is difficult to predict hydrocarbon-bearing properties.The research indicates that the oil and gas is controlled by structure facies belt and sedimentary system distribution macroscopically,and hydrocarbon-bearing properties of sand bodies are controlled by lithofacies and petrophysical facies microscopically.Controlled by ancient and current tectonic frameworks,most of the discovered oil and gas are distributed in the delta front sedimentary system of a palaeo-tectonic belt and an ancient slope belt.Subaqueous branch channels and estuary dams mainly with medium and fine sandstone are the main reservoirs and oil production layers,and sand bodies of high porosity and high permeability have good hydrocarbon-bearing properties;the facies controlling effect shows a reservoir controlling geologic model of relatively high porosity and permeability.The hydrocarbon distribution is also controlled by relatively low potential energy at the high points of local structure macroscopically, while most of the successful wells are distributed at the high points of local structure,and the hydrocarbon-bearing property is good at the place of relatively low potential energy;the hydrocarbon distribution is in close connection with faults,and the reservoirs near the fault in the region of relatively low pressure have good oil and gas shows;the distribution of lithologic reservoirs at the depression slope is controlled by the distribution of sand bodies at positions of relatively high porosity and permeability.The formation of the reservoir of the Jurassic in the Junggar Basin shows characteristics of favorable facies and low-potential coupling control,and among the currently discovered reservoirs and industrial hydrocarbon production wells,more than 90%are developed within the scope of faciespotential index FPI0.5,while the FPI and oil saturation of the discovered reservoir and unascertained traps have relatively good linear correlation.By establishing the relation model between hydrocarbonbearing properties of traps and FPI,totally 43 favorable targets are predicted in four main target series of strata and mainly distributed in the Badaowan Formation and the Sangonghe Formation,and the most favorable targets include the north and east of the Shinan Sag,the middle and south of the Mobei Uplift,Cai-35 well area of the Cainan Oilfield,and North-74 well area of the Zhangbei fault-fold zone.     

新疆博格达—哈尔里克山晚新生代压扭性变形与隆起成山

压扭性走滑变形是陆内变形的最主要构造样式之一,并且是陆内造山系统得以形成的最基本构造样式。位于天山东部的博格达—哈尔里克山链,横亘在吐哈盆地和准噶尔盆地之间,是研究新生代山脉形成理想的野外实验室。本文结合压扭造山带的研究,通过野外地质填图、遥感解译和DEM分析,裂变径迹测试等研究,确认博格达—哈尔里克山与山脉隆起相关的断裂构造主要为北东东向和北西西向压扭性走滑断裂,认为它是晚新生代压扭造山带(transpressional orogen)。主要证据是:首先博格达—哈尔里克山与山脉隆起相关的构造变形为北东东70°走向和北西西290°走向,山脉两侧呈现向盆地方向的逆冲冲断构造,体现了近南北向为构造主压应力场特点;其次天池河床砂岩屑AFT分析出的年龄峰值集中在42.8 Ma(62.8%)、18.8 Ma(29.0%)、3.2 Ma(8.2%),表明样品所代表的流域地质体在42.8 Ma、18.8Ma、3.2 Ma经历了3次冷却事件。依据裂变径迹等年龄投影圈闭图显示博格达山裂变径迹年龄存在中间新,两边老的特点。基于相同的大地构造背景,压扭造山模式也可以解释整个天山晚新生代山脉强烈隆升。     

塔里木板块东北部古堡泉岩体岩石地球化学特征与岩石成因

古堡泉岩体位于甘肃北山裂谷带的南带,岩体呈不规则的岩株状,出露面积约1.7km2.主体岩性为辉长岩,含有较多的橄榄辉长岩、辉石橄长岩析离体,各岩相之间呈渐变过渡关系.大部分样品属于拉斑玄武岩系列,少数样品属碱性玄武岩系列.岩石中TiO2、K2O、P2O5、大离子亲石元素和稀土元素丰度很低(∑REE＝5.29×10-6～17.30×10-6).εNd(t)=+6.9‰～+8.1‰, εSr(t)=+2.3‰～+17.3‰,206Pb/204Pb=18.463～18.645, 207Pb/204Pb=15.604～15.634, 208Pb/204Pb=38.351～38.497.岩体源区可能为先期发生过部分熔融的亏损型地幔,岩浆在运移过程中遭受了显著陆壳物质的混染.原生岩浆为富铁贫镁的玄武质岩浆,在上侵和运移过程中主要发生了以单斜辉石和橄榄石为主的暗色矿物的分离结晶作用和不同程度斜长石的堆晶作用.岩体是地幔尖晶石橄榄岩在较低压力下发生较大程度部分熔融的产物.     

准噶尔盆地西北缘一次大到暴雨天气过程分析

通过分析2010年6月28-29日发生在准噶尔盆地西北缘的一次大到暴雨天气,揭示了形成这次强降水天气的环流背景特点、物理量和雷达回波特征。结果显示：冷暖气团在克拉玛依地区附近相遇产生的中尺度锋生现象触发了本次暴雨天气过程。表现最明显的特征是：高空槽移动缓慢,中层切变线不断南压、低层中尺度系统维持,冷暖气团在该区域强烈交汇。暴雨区雷达速度场有明显的风场幅合。对流降水云团强度、移向变化的预测,是此类天气临近预报的关键和难点。     

川西坳陷深层叠复连续型致密砂岩气藏成因及形成过程

川西坳陷深层上三叠统须家河组发育典型的致密砂岩气藏,由于该气藏多期构造演化、多期生排烃过程、多期成藏及储层致密化过程复杂的特点,其成因类型和成因机制经过多年的勘探和研究仍然存在争议。文章在剖析典型气藏的基础上,结合研究区构造演化、烃源岩生排烃史和储层致密化过程的研究,综合判识了致密气藏的成因类型,并分析其成因机制。研究结果表明：川西坳陷深层须家河组致密砂岩气藏具有“叠复连续资源潜力大、构造高点低点富气共存、高孔低孔储层含气共存、高压低压气层共存、气水分布复杂”的地质特征。目前气藏的成因类型为“后成”型致密气藏与“先成”型致密气藏的叠加复合型,属叠复连续型致密气藏。川西坳陷深层须家河组演化过程中存在浮力成藏下限和成藏底限,致密砂岩气藏形成和演化受控于2个界限控制下的3个流体动力场的分布和演化。叠复连续型致密砂岩气藏成藏过程可划分为4个阶段：①三叠纪沉积初至三叠纪末,初期天然气成藏条件准备阶段;②三叠纪末至中侏罗世末,早期常规气藏形成阶段;③中侏罗世末至晚侏罗世末,“先成”型致密气藏与“后成”型致密气藏形成阶段;④早白垩世至今,叠复连续型致密油气藏形成及改造阶段。     

The characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hailstorms over northern China

The characteristics of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning for ten hailstorms in Shandong Province of China were analyzed statistically. It is found that the hailstorms in this study present dominant positive CG flashes during periods of falling hail. One specific hailstorm on 16 June 2006 was studied in detail using the data from a CG lightning location network, Doppler radar and cloud images. Comparison between the brightness temperature of cloud-top and CG flash locations indicated that most flashes occurred in the region with temperatures lower than − 40 °C, while dense positive CG flashes occurred in the range between − 40 °C and − 50 °C. Negative CG flashes occurred mostly in the relative weak radar echo region, and positive CG flashes were distributed in the strong echo region especially with a large gradient of echo intensity. CG flashes tended to occur in the cloud region with reflectivity between 25 dBZ and 35 dBZ. Comparison between the wind field retrieved from Doppler radar and the location of CG flashes indicated that the flashes were located in the convergent region at lower to middle levels.     

Formation mechanism and model for sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin, East China

The Bohai Bay basin comprises some very important and well documented subtle traps known in China, which have been the major exploration focus and have become a major petroleum play since the 1990s. However, recent exploration showed that the oil-bearing properties of some sand lens reservoirs may vary significantly and the accumulation mechanisms for these lithological subtle traps are not well understood. Based on statistical analysis of oil-bearing properties for 123 sand lens reservoirs in the Jiyang Sub-basin and combined with detailed anatomy of typical sand lens reservoirs and NMR experiments, it has been shown that the structural and sedimentary factors, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion conditions of the surrounding source rocks, as well as the petrophysical properties of sand lens reservoirs are the main controlling factors for the formation of sand lens reservoirs. The formation of a sand lens reservoir depends on the interaction between the hydrocarbon accumulation driving force and the resistance force. The driving force is made up of the differential capillary pressure between sandstones and sources rocks and the hydrocarbon diffusion force, and as well as the hydrocarbon expansion force. The resistance force is the friction resistance force for hydrocarbons and water to move through the pore throats of the sand lens. The sedimentary environment, source rock condition and sand reservoir properties can change from unfavorable to favorable depending on the combination of these factors. When these three factors all reach certain thresholds, the sand lens reservoirs may begin to be filled by hydrocarbons. When all of these conditions become favorable for the formation of sand lens reservoirs, the reservoir would have high oil saturation. This approach has been applied to evaluating the potential of petroleum accumulation in the sand lens reservoirs in the third member of the Neogene Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Sub-basin.     

Application of quantitative grain fluorescence techniques to study subtle oil migration pathway of lithological reservoir

This paper analyzes the quantitative grain fluorescence (QGF) and quantitative grain fluorescence on extract (QGF-E) properties of 101 rock samples by using quantitative grain fluorescence techniques. The samples are collected from five wells in tight sandstone and thin siltstone in the third sector of the Shahejie Formation in the Niuzhuang sag of the Dongying depression. It was observed that both the tight sandstone and thin siltstone show relatively high fluorescence intensity of hydrocarbon, which suggests that they are possibly good subtle oil-migration pathways in the present or geological time. These thin subtle oil-migration pathways afford important clues for the researches on hydrocarbon accumulation in lithological reservoirs in the middle and lower of Es ₃ in deep sag zone, which has the hydrocarbon source from the upper of Es ₄ when there is no apparent fault playing oil migration conduits to connect lithologic traps and deep source rocks. This study shows good prospect of QGF techniques in discriminating oil migration pathways and paleo-oil zones. The results of this study may be of great significance to the researches on hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of subtle reservoirs in the Dongying depression and other areas. __________ Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(2): 250–254 [译自: 地质学报]     

黄骅坳陷歧北斜坡油气成藏机制与成藏模式

挠曲坡折带油气资源前景广阔,已成为陆相湖盆中的勘探开发与研究热点。由于古地貌或古构造的差异造成多阶挠曲型斜坡地层发生多个折曲变形,同时,由于斜坡结构及构造特征、沉积特征和烃源岩特征等均存在较大的差异,导致复杂的油气分布和油气成藏过程。以多阶挠曲型斜坡——黄骅坳陷歧北斜坡为例,通过研究斜坡形成和演化过程中古地貌和断层耦合下的斜坡结构和构造特征、输导体系、油气运移路径和运移动力等特征,揭示了多阶挠曲斜坡的油气成藏机制。结果表明,歧北斜坡长轴和短轴方向上的古地形、断层及组合样式、砂体成因类型与延伸范围、与烃源岩接触关系、油气运移动力与路径等方面均存在较大差异。长轴方向具有以下特点：以挠曲坡折构造为界,高、中、低斜坡分异;大型断层不发育且三角洲砂体范围局限,中、低斜坡以近源砂体输导为主,砂体连通性好;形成了坡折背景的"缓坡-双边断脊优势-源控型"成藏模式。短轴方向特点为：以滨海断层、港东断层、南大港断层为边界,发育近东西走向的断层坡折构造,次级断层发育,剖面和平面上呈多种组合方式;水下扇砂体连通性好,与一系列断层形成阶梯状输导路径;形成了"近源-阶梯状输导-断控型"成藏模式。