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81.
B. H. Subbaraya K. S. Appu K. P. Chatterjee A. F. Chizhov V. D. Grinchinkov A. Jayaraman G. A. Khokin V. A. Kononkov I. S. Moshnikov V. Narayanan S. P. Perov O. V. Shtrikov Y. V. Somayajulu C. R. Sreedharan K. S. Zalpuri 《Journal of Earth System Science》1987,96(1):25-40
A total of seventeen vertical profiles of ozone were obtained during an Indo-USSR collaborative experiment on ozonesonde intercomparison conducted at Thumba during March 1983. The vertical distribution of ozone was measured using rocket-borne, balloon-borne as well as ground-based instruments. Four different rocket ozonesondes from India and USSR and the balloon ozonesonde were used to makein situ observations of ozone concentrations in addition to the Dobson spectrophotometric observations of total ozone and Umkehr. The rocket and the balloon launchings were effected in three salvos and measurements were made at different times of the day as well as during night. The results of all these measurements are used to obtain a mean ozone vertical distribution over Thumba foT the spring equinoxial period. The mean profile shows the maximum ozone concentration at 27 km with a value of (3.86±0-52)×1012 molecules per cc. Comparison of this mean profile with available satellite data for the equatorial regions shows that, in general, the Thumba values are lower by 10–15% at altitudes below 40 km and larger at altitudes above 50 km compared to the satellite results. The data also show evidence for a day-to-day variability and a possible day-to-night variability in the ozone vertical distribution with the night-time values higher than the daytime values at all altitudes above 35 km and the difference is found to increase with the increasing altitude. 相似文献
82.
The trioctahedral mica ephesite, Na(LiAl2) [Al2Si2O10] (OH)2, has a large
-T stability field in the quaternary system NaAlSiO4-LiAlSiO4-Al2O3-H2O. At temperatures below 400–500° C it coexists with diaspore, while at higher temperatures it occurs with corundum, until it decomposes to nepheline +eucryptite+corundum+H2O at 600–800° C (Fig. 1). Nature faithfully reflects these phase relations; ephesite is found to coexist with diaspore or corundum in silicadeficient metamorphosed rocks or in hydrothermally altered nepheline-syenite pegmatite.Thermodynamic analysis of phase relations of ephesite in the silica saturated portion of the quinary system NaAlSiO4-LiAlSiO4-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O shows that the assemblage quartz+ephesite is always metastable with respect to paragonite+spodumene or paragonite+petalite at temperatures down to approximately 300° C (Fig. 3). At lower temperatures, a number of other phases like bikitaite, cookeite, Na-montmorillonite, and analcime are stabilized. Stability and compatibility relations involving these phases are presently not amenable to thermodynamic treatment due to lack of suitable data. Nevertheless, the absence of the assemblage quartz+ephesite in nature seems to vindicate our conclusion that it is metastable down to at least 300° C.The frequently encountered assemblage quartzspodumene (or petalite)-microcline-albite of some lithium pegmatites contains muscovite (±lepidolite), rather than paragonite. The absence of paragonite in such rocks is best explained by the inherent metastability of the phase-pair paragonite+microcline with respect to muscovite+albite. The pegmatite bulk compositions plot in the four-phase field spodumene (petalite)-microcline-muscovite-albite, cutting out paragonite from the observed assemblage Thus, absence of paragonite-spodumene or paragonitepetalite in nature reflects lack of suitable bulk compositions in rocks. 相似文献
83.
Susanne Flux Niranjan D. Chatterjee Klaus Langer 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,86(3):294-297
Pure, synthetic 2M1-muscovites (Ms) and 2M1-paragonites (Pg) prepared at 7, 13.5, and 18 kbar
have been subjected to careful X-ray powder diffractometry and IR powder spectrometry. The results of X-ray studies show
that the lattice constants of these micas are independent of the pressure employed in synthesizing them. Similarly, the IR
powder spectra of Ms and Pg remain unaffected by the synthesis pressure. Neither the Al[4]-O-Al[4] vibrations decrease in relative intensity nor do the Si-O-Al[4] vibrations increase in intensity with increasing pressure of synthesis, as they should, if pressure-induced (Al, Si)[4] ordering had been operative. Finally, the v
OH bands in Ms and Pg are also found to retain their fine structural details, regardless of the pressures employed in synthesizing
these phases. In particular, the half widths of v
OH in these (Al,Si)[4]-disordered micas remain constant at around 60 cm−1, compared to ∼ 10 cm−1 in (Al,Si)[4]-ordered mica margarite.
In the light of this study, shortening of the b lattice parameter and progressive (Al,Si)[4] ordering with increasing pressure of synthesis of muscovites reported by Velde (1980) would appear to be anomalous. Consequently,
any discussion of the effect of (Al,Si)[4] ordering on the stability of muscovite is a moot point at present. 相似文献
84.
Somdev Bhattacharji Rajesh Sharma Nilanjan Chatterjee 《Journal of Earth System Science》2004,113(4):771-784
The western continental margin and the intraplate Narmada-Tapti rifts are primarily covered by Deccan flood basalts. Three-dimensional
gravity modeling of +70mgal Bouguer gravity highs extending in the north-south direction along the western continental margin
rift indicates the presence of a subsurface high density, mafic-ultramafic type, elongated, roughly ellipsoidal body. It is
approximately 12.0 ±1.2 km thick with its upper surface at an approximate depth of 6.0 ±0.6 km, and its average density is
{dy2935} kg/m3. Calculated dimension of the high density body in the upper crust is 300 ±30 km in length and 25 ±2.5 to 40 ±4 km in width.
Three-dimensional gravity modeling of +10mgal to -30mgal Bouguer gravity highs along the intraplate Narmada-Tapti rift indicates
the presence of eight small isolated high density mafic bodies with an average density of {dy2961} kg/m3. These mafic bodies are convex upward and their top surface is estimated at an average depth of 6.5 ±0.6 (between 6 and 8km).
These isolated mafic bodies have an average length of 23.8 ±2.4km and width of 15.9 ±1.5km. Estimated average thickness of
these mafic bodies is 12.4±1.2km. The difference in shape, length and width of these high density mafic bodies along the western
continental margin and the intraplate Narmada-Tapti rifts suggests that the migration and concentration of high density magma
in the upper lithosphere was much more dominant along the western continental margin rift. Based on the three-dimensional
gravity modeling, it is conjectured that the emplacement of large, ellipsoidal high density mafic bodies along the western
continental margin and small, isolated mafic bodies along the Narmada-Tapti rift are related to lineament-reactivation and
subsequent rifting due to interaction of hot mantle plume with the lithospheric weaknesses (lineaments) along the path of
Indian plate motion over the Réunion hotspot. Mafic bodies formed in the upper lithosphere as magma chambers along the western
continental margin and the intraplate Narmada-Tapti rifts at estimated depths between 6 and 8 km from the surface (consistent
with geological, petrological and geochemical models) appear to be the major reservoirs for Deccan flood basalt volcanism
at approximately 65 Ma. 相似文献
85.
A Breadth Averaged Numerical Model for Suspended Sediment Transport in Hooghly Estuary,East Coast of India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sinha P. C. Guliani Pragya Jena G. K. Rao A. D. Dube S. K. Chatterjee A. K. Murty Tad 《Natural Hazards》2004,32(2):239-255
Sedimentation is of vital concern in the conservation, development and utilization ofour soil and water resources. The suspended sediment in estuarine waters is hazardousto navigation in estuaries, which have important ports and harbours. A breadth-averagednumerical model to study circulation and sediment transport is presented in this paper.The model is applied to Hooghly estuary, along the east coast of India. The model is fullynon-linear and uses a semi-explicit finite difference scheme to solve mass, momentum andadvection diffusion equation for suspended sediments in a vertical plane. The erosion anddeposition have been computed by empirically developed source and sink terms in thesuspended sediment equation. 相似文献
86.
Tapan K. Chatterjee 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,184(2):273-280
A study of the expected frequency of merging galaxies, involving disk-sphere systems, is conducted by use of the impulsive approximation. The results indicate that the expected frequencies of such galaxies is several orders of magnitude smaller than the observational value, if mergers taking place in a single crossing time or orbital period are considered. The expected frequency of elliptical pairs and spiral-elliptical pairs in merger is of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the two types of collisions are equally frequent. This aspect will be further investigated in subsequent papers of this series. 相似文献
87.
88.
Timothy?L.?GroveEmail author Michael?B.?Baker Richard?C.?Price Stephen?W.?Parman Linda?T.?Elkins-Tanton Nilanjan?Chatterjee Othmar?Müntener 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2005,148(5):542-565
Mt. Shasta andesite and dacite lavas contain high MgO (3.5–5 wt.%), very low FeO*/MgO (1–1.5) and 60–66 wt.% SiO2. The range of major and trace element compositions of the Shasta lavas can be explained through fractional crystallization (~50–60 wt.%) with subsequent magma mixing of a parent magma that had the major element composition of an H2O-rich primitive magnesian andesite (PMA). Isotopic and trace element characteristics of the Mt. Shasta stratocone lavas are highly variable and span the same range of compositions that is found in the parental basaltic andesite and PMA lavas. This variability is inherited from compositional variations in the input contributed from melting of mantle wedge peridotite that was fluxed by a slab-derived, fluid-rich component. Evidence preserved in phenocryst assemblages indicates mixing of magmas that experienced variable amounts of fractional crystallization over a range of crustal depths from ~25 to ~4 km beneath Mt. Shasta. Major and trace element evidence is also consistent with magma mixing. Pre-eruptive crystallization extended from shallow crustal levels under degassed conditions (~4 wt.% H2O) to lower crustal depths with magmatic H2O contents of ~10–15 wt.%. Oxygen fugacity varied over 2 log units from one above to one below the Nickel-Nickel Oxide buffer. The input of buoyant H2O-rich magmas containing 10–15 wt.% H2O may have triggered magma mixing and facilitated eruption. Alternatively, vesiculation of oversaturated H2O-rich melts could also play an important role in mixing and eruption. 相似文献
89.
90.
Accurate knowledge of pore pressure is fundamental to any safe and economic well construction. Here, we present results that
are indicative of over pressure zones (OPZ) for five wells drilled under the Krishna–Godavari offshore basin (KGOB) at the
Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI). OPZ in areas of crustal flexuring can act as potential geohazard while drilling.
These wells locate at water depths of 515–1,265 m, where their penetrated-vertical-depth reaches up to 3,960 m in clastic
sediments. pore pressure gradient (PPG) and fracture pressure gradient (FPG) are estimated from acoustic log for all five
wells, while the Normal Compaction Trend (NCT) and pore pressure are calculated from Miller’s sonic equation. Top of OPZ is
indicated by values that are higher than the NCT; departure from NCT is observed at depth intervals of 1,320–2,180 m, 1,700–3,960 m,
1,600–1,880 m, 1,420–2,609 m and 2,080–2,200 m for the respective Wells 1 through 5. The pressure data from Modular Dynamic
Tester (MDT) agree well with the pore pressure values obtained from the logs. The Overburden Gradient (OBG), PPG and FPG values
increase rather slowly with total depth in deeper-water of KGOB when compared to the wells located in shallow water depth.
Consequently, the operating safety margin between PPG and FPG decreases as the water depth increases, and this clearly leads
to an increase in the number of casing strings to reach the target depth. Certain basic conclusions on the potentiality of
natural hazard for drilling operations are drawn on the basis of these results, but evidently, further studies are warranted
to present a more composite picture of OPZ under KGOB. 相似文献