Building Damage Extraction from Post-earthquake Airborne LiDAR Data

Building collapse is a significant cause of earthquake-related casualties; therefore, the rapid assessment of buildings damage is important for emergency management and rescue. Airborne light detection and ranging(Li DAR) can acquire point cloud data in combination with height values, which in turn provides detailed information on building damage. However, the most previous approaches have used optical images and LiDAR data, or pre- and post-earthquake LiDAR data, to derive building damage information. This study applied surface normal algorithms to extract the degree of building damage. In this method, the angle between the surface normal and zenith(θ) is used to identify damaged parts of a building, while the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean absolute deviation(σ/δ) of θ is used to obtain the degree of building damage. Quantitative analysis of 85 individual buildings with different roof types(i.e., flat top or pitched roofs) was conducted, and the results confirm that post-earthquake single LiDAR data are not affected by roof shape. Furthermore, the results confirm that θ is correlated to building damage, and that σ/δ represents an effective index to identify the degree of building damage.     

山东省闲置低效用地成因分析及对策建议

在中央严控建设用地总量、压减新增建设用地规模的时代背景下,挖潜盘活存量建设用地是缓解山东省土地供需矛盾,确保全省经济社会可持续发展的战略抉择。但闲置和低效成因复杂,是政府、企业、市场综合作用的结果,是历史发展阶段的产物。在深入调查研究的基础上,文章系统分析了闲置低效用地的诸多成因,深刻阐释了闲置低效用地盘活处置面临的挑战和困难,明确提出了盘活闲置低效用地的指导原则,全面构建了预防土地闲置低效的制度机制。     

Distribution and speciation of phosphorus in sediments of Dongping Lake,North China

Dongping Lake is an important regulator for the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, and the water quality assurance of it is of great importance. To investigate the distribution characteristics and burial process of phosphorus (P) in Dongping Lake as well as their relationship with regional economic development and human activities, 33 spatially distributed surface sediment samples and one lake sediment core were extracted from Dongping Lake. A harmonized procedure for the P forms in freshwater sediments developed by the European Programme, Standards, Measurements, and Testing was used in this paper. The results show that NaOH–P (P bound to Al, Fe, Mn oxides or hydroxides), HCl–P (Ca-bound P), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface sediments show a strong spatial variability. The highest NaOH–P and OP concentrations were observed in the eastern and south-eastern region of the lake and decreased gradually away from the mouth area of Dawen River. We deduced that anthropogenic input via the Dawen River is the main contributor. The higher concentration of HCl–P occurred in the north-west region of the lake and increased in a gradient away from the mouth area of Dawen River, and this pattern of distribution could be related to grain-size effects and higher transport energies close to riverine inlets. Pollution reflected by phosphorus in the core sediments of Dongping Lake is well consistent with the economic development history of Dongping County. From the beginning of the 20th century to the middle 1970s, the concentrations of each P speciation did not vary largely and runoff of the Yellow River mainly contributed to the P accumulation in the sediment, which might reflect the background values of them in the lake in pre-industrial period. The stable Mz (mean grain size), low loss-on-ignition (LOI), and high sedimentary flux also support this. The rapid increase of NaOH–P and OP at 10–0 cm (especially 5–0 cm) indicates the enhancing anthropogenic eutrophication since the middle 1970s. The LOI peak period and a coarsening of particle size also support this interpretation. However, the decreasing of TP and HCl–P was attributed to the change in sediment supply. As due to construction of dams around the lake, runoff of the Dawen River mainly contributed to the P accumulation in the sediment during this period.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情可视化进展与分析

新冠肺炎疫情期间,疫情数据成为民众关注的重点,涌现出了大量可视化图件,及时地向公众传达着疫情的数量信息和时空分布及变化,帮助大众快速了解疫情当前状况、推断发展趋势。本文从疫情数据可视化表达内容的维度出发,分析不同可视化的表达形式以及其对疫情数据的加工程度,结合示例把可视化分为“1阶”、“2阶”和“多阶”,并分析各自表达的数据类型、表达方式、设计特点和信息传递。同时,针对疫情可视化中的不足,探讨了数据统计中制图单元多级选择、数据分类中的极值处理问题,以及疫情可视化手段中不同颜色的内涵、质底法地图中区域面积和统计单元的影响、符号地图中符号压盖处理、热力图中比例尺的影响、统计图表和标注信息等在疫情可视化中的设计问题,指出疫情可视化设计中的视觉效果误用、设计过于复杂的误区,最后指出疫情信息可视化应具备讲故事的能力、问题针对性的特点,以图面简洁、高效信息传递为根本,为制图者合理设计图表和用户理性阅读疫情地图提供参考。     

Hydrodynamic Effect of the Regulation Project of Yangtze River Deepwater Channel Downstream of Nanjing

A two-dimensional flow numerical model of the tidal reaches, which total length is more than 700 km, is established from Datong to the Yangtze River estuary. The tidal levels, velocities, diversion ratios and dynamic axes before and after the separate regulation of each reach and combined regulation of all reaches are obtained. The comparative analysis shows that the regulation project of a separate reach basically has no impact on velocity distributions and variations of diversion ratios of upper and lower reaches, the variations of dynamic axes are only within the local scope of the project. The regulation project of a separate reach also has less impact on the water level in the lower adjacent reaches, but will make the water levels in the upper reaches rise. After the implementation of the regulation projects for all reaches, the rise of water level in the upstream reaches will have a cumulative impact.     

Reprocessing 12-yr Microwave Humidity Sounder Historical Data of Fengyun-3 Satellites

Atmospheric water vapor is an essential climate variable (ECV) with extensive spatial and temporal variations. Mi- crowave humidity observations from meteorolog...     

木吉村铜（钼）矿床地质特征

河北省涞源县木吉村铜（钼）矿床目前已探明为一大型斑岩型铜（钼）_矽卡岩型铁铜-热液脉型铅锌银“三位一体”多金属矿床。作者结合最新勘查成果,对该矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征进行了总结,探讨了该矿床的成因和成矿模式。研究表明,木吉村铜（钼）矿床位于山西断窿与燕山台褶带的过渡地带,乌龙沟_上黄旗深断裂带中。该矿床的主要控矿构造为F4断裂,成矿母岩闪长玢岩与古火山构造关系密切。该矿床具有典型的面型蚀变分带及矿化分带。其矿床成因主要为斑岩-矽卡岩型高（中）温热液矿床,以“多位一体”和多阶段成矿为特点。     

济南市城市地球化学系统评价指标体系初探

城市生态环境地球化学风险性评价已经成为地球化学界普遍关注的问题,近年来我国进行了大量的城市地球化学工作,但还没有形成一个公认的、完善的系统评价体系与方法。结合济南市发展现状,尝试从城市化进程和城市地质环境角度,提出城市地球化学系统评价体系的模型,以期协调城市化进程中人为扰动（工程活动等）和地质环境的对策,也是对城市环境地球化学工作的一种探索。     

斑岩铜钼矿床成矿流体的出溶、演化与成矿:以大兴安岭南段敖仑花矿床为例

本文报道了大兴安岭南段敖仑花斑岩铜钼矿床中斑状石英的一些新发现。通过对其结构、成因和内部流体包裹体的研究,反演初始成矿流体性质;结合热液期脉系特征,探讨流体从出溶到成矿的演化过程。斑状石英包括"单颗粒石英"和"多晶石英集合体",以普遍发育含子矿物流体包裹体为特征,为岩浆-热液过渡期的特有产物。流体包裹体研究显示敖仑花矿床初始成矿流体具有高温高盐度特征,为H2O、CO2和Na-K-Ca-Fe-Cu-Ti等元素组成的络合物体系,在压力≥115MPa、深度≥4.3km条件下可出溶出温度≥492℃、盐度达到47.6%～58.7%NaCleqv的流体。热液期成矿系统压力突然降低导致流体发生沸腾,同时伴随温度骤减是引发大规模成矿的主要机制。根据矿物在脉系中的发育情况和显微测温数据,将辉钼矿的析出温度限定在335℃以上,即代表以辉钼矿沉淀为峰期成矿标志的主成矿温度下限。斑状石英中流体包裹体研究揭示敖仑花矿床形成到至今抬升高度约≥4.3km,暗示区域最小平均隆升剥蚀速率为32.6m/Ma。斑岩体中斑状石英不仅可以作为流体出溶的标志判断岩体是否具有成矿潜力,指导斑岩型矿床找矿工作,还能够为区域地质演化提供重要约束。