现代深部岩溶研究进展与展望

现代深部岩溶问题是随着工程建设向复杂场地延伸而逐渐显现,由它带来的一系列地质工程问题对越岭隧道工程具有极强的控制性和危害性,如渝怀线圆梁山深埋特长越岭隧道工程出现的高压突水、突泥问题,既控制了工程的施工难度,又是一个极具挑战性的理论难题。综述了现代深部岩溶相关概念、发育类型、发育特征、形成机制等方面国内外研究现状,勾画了现代深部岩溶研究今后的重点,主要包括现代深部岩溶概念的厘定、现代深部岩溶工程地质分类及特征、现代深部岩溶受控因素、现代深部岩溶发育机制及演化、现代深部岩溶对越岭隧道工程控制作用等几方面的研究。     

测量控制网优化设计的可靠性准则法

测量控制网优化设计与网的精度、可靠性、灵敏度以及费用等准则有关,但这些准则之间的关系又十分密切,本文提出了一种基于观测值内部可靠性指标的测量控制网模拟法优化设计新方法,介绍了其原理和特点,并用实例说明了用该方法的计算步骤和优化效益。     

随机Dirichlet问题解的调和展开

针对重力学随机Dirichlet问题,通过适当地对边界检验函数的分解,并在随机边界样本空间中提取确定性部分的对偶基,本文将随机Dirichlet问题的一般解展开为一随机系数的调和级数形式。     

山东三山岛金矿床流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

三山岛金矿床位于莱州市三山岛—仓上断裂带内,矿石主要为蚀变岩和含金石英脉2种类型。随着胶东金矿床研究的深入和三山岛金矿资源的不断减少,对三山岛金矿床的成矿作用及深部开发前景问题研究具有更重要的意义。针对上述问题,对三山岛金矿床2种类型矿石的成矿流体特征进行对比研究,认为代表成矿早—中期的蚀变岩型矿石形成于中温(均一温度为325～240℃)、低盐度(2.07%～6.88%)、低密度(0.720～0.868g/cm3)、酸碱性不均匀(pH=3.27～10.43)、以氟化物和氯化物为成矿物质载体的还原性流体;代表成矿中—晚期的含金石英脉型矿石形成于中—低温(均一温度为306～160℃)、低盐度(1.05%～9.73%)、低密度(0.739～0.962g/cm3)、碱性(pH=9.25～9.85)、以氯化物和硫化物为成矿物质载体的还原性流体。成矿流体性质的转变反映了成矿流体处于由比较封闭到比较开放的构造环境的转变期,且成矿流体早期以原生岩浆水为主,后期有变质水、大气降水以及海水的参与作用。三山岛金矿成矿深度为2.5～5km,根据目前的开采深度推算其深部还有一定的资源量可供开发。     

川西新场气田地气测量试验

通过对新场气田地气测量分析,发现地气测量的纳米微粒金属元素在新场气田上方有明显的异常显示。综合土壤地球化探结果对比分析,认为Ba、Cd、Cu、Mo、Zn、P、V、Ni等20多种纳米微粒金属元素在新场气田与相同的土壤微量元素都有着共同的响应。同时分析了有机地球化学指标在气田地表上方的表现模式,其特征和地气、土壤元素表现基本一致。地气测量方法在一定条件下对寻找天然气藏、确定气田范围具有一定的应用前景。     

玄武岩柱状节理成因性状研究及其对岩体质量的影响

峨眉山玄武岩中普遍发育柱状节理,表现为岩体破碎不完整,其明显受各种原生构造、表生改造、构造的影响.文章结合拟建的西南某水电工程对玄武岩柱状成因分析及性状研究,进一步研究其对岩体质量的影响.     

Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China

A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa （width of the multifractal spectrum） of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R （spectrum symmetry parameter） and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences.     

A Preliminary Study on Fluid Inclusions and Mineralization of Xitieshan Sedimentary-Exhalative (SEDEX) Lead-Zinc Deposit

The Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is located at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Province, China, and had developed a complete marine sedimentary-exhalative system. Our preliminary study of ore-forming fluids shows that fluid inclusions in quartz from altered stockwork rocks that represent the pipe facies have a wide range of temperature and salinity. The intense fluid activities are characteristics of the pipe facies of the exhalative system. Fluid inclusions in carbonates near the unstratified ore bodies hosted in the thick-bedded marble which represents vent-proximal facies are large in size and have moderate to high temperatures. They represent unerupted sub-seafloor fluid activity. Fluids in altered stockwork rocks and carbonates have similar H2O-NaCl-CO2 system, both belonging to the sedimentary-exhalative system. The fluids migrate from the pipe facies to the unstratified ore bodies. Boiling of the fluids causes the separation of CO2 vapor and liquid H2O. When the fluids migrate into the unconsolidated thick-bedded marble, the escape of CO2, decreasing temperature and pressure as well as some involvement of seawater into the fluids result in the unmixing of fluids with high and low salinity and deposition of ore-forming materials. The two unmixed fluids were trapped in unconsolidated carbonates and the ore-forming materials were deposited in the unconsolidated carbonates to form the sedimentary-exhalative type unstratified ore bodies. The ore-forming temperature of unstratified ore bodies is up to high temperature indicating that there is a huge ore-forming potential in its deep.     

海量三维GIS数据可视化系统的实现研究

建立在OpenGL,OSG图形APIs和各种开源图片支持库之上,基于DEM、影像和常用的GIS地图数据文件,提出一套基于数据网格化管理、动态调度、LOD地形动态简化为主要思想的解决方案,成功构建了海量三维GIS数据可视化系统。系统基于102 G原始数据实现了流畅显示,并基于DEM数据与影像数据的合成实现了红绿立体显示效果,同时基于不同基础数据实现了各种数据的操作、分析等功能。     

中国金矿床(Ⅰ):成矿理论研究新进展

针对中国近年来金矿床学领域研究工作,综合讨论了金矿床成矿学理论研究方面的主要进展。它们集中体现在①大型一超大型金矿床;②区域成矿学与成矿系统;③造山带成矿与造山型金矿：从俯冲（增生）造山到碰撞造山成矿的显著发展;④成矿系列、成矿谱系到成矿体系研究;⑤热点、地幔柱及其多级演化：从边缘成矿到板内成矿;⑥成矿时代：从模糊到精确;⑦现代金矿成矿的实时模型;⑧从板块构造演化、超越板块构造到成矿地球动力学等8个方面。