孤雌生殖海带对氯霉素和潮霉素的敏感性研究

于１９９７年１－４月,以本所培养的孤雌生殖海带为材料,运用统计不傣对氯霉素、潮纱的敏感性,以期得出氯霉素、潮霉素对不同长度孤雌生殖海带的半致死剂量。结果表明,孤生殖海带长度在０．５－１．５ｃｍ时,氯霉素的半致死剂量与海带的长度相关,而潮霉素的半致死剂量怀长度不相关。孤雌生殖海地潮霉互比对氯霉素更敏感,提示潮霉素磷酸转移麦基因有可能成为工程的另一个选择标记。     

光照强度和温度对营养生长的巨藻雌、雄配子体光合放氧的影响

利用氧电极法测定了光照强度和温度对巨藻(Macrocystis pyrifera)雌雄配子体光合放氧的影响。结果表明,巨藻配子体营养生长的最适光强为1 500~2 000 lx,最适温度为18~20℃。雌雄配子体最高放氧速率分别为1 699.4 nmol/(min.g)和1 497.3 nmol/(min.g)。     

Precise orbit determination for the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellite mission using GPS

The joint Taiwan–US mission FORMOSAT-3/ COSMIC (COSMIC) was launched on April 17, 2006. Each of the six satellites is equipped with two POD antennas. The orbits of the six satellites are determined from GPS data using zero-difference carrier-phase measurements by the reduced dynamic and kinematic methods. The effects of satellite center of mass (COM) variation, satellite attitude, GPS antenna phase center variation (PCV), and cable delay difference on the COSMIC orbit determination are studied. Nominal attitudes estimated from satellite state vectors deliver a better orbit accuracy when compared to observed attitude. Numerical tests show that the COSMIC COM must be precisely calibrated in order not to corrupt orbit determination. Based on the analyses of the 5 and 6-h orbit overlaps of two 30-h arcs, orbit accuracies from the reduced dynamic and kinematic solutions are nearly identical and are at the 2–3 cm level. The mean RMS difference between the orbits from this paper and those from UCAR (near real-time) and WHU (post-processed) is about 10 cm, which is largely due to different uses of GPS ephemerides, high-rate GPS clocks and force models. The kinematic orbits of COSMIC are expected to be used for recovery of temporal variations in the gravity field.     

Derivation of internal solitary wave amplitude in the South China Sea deep basin from satellite images

In the present study, theories based on the Korteweg–de Vries equation are extended to the Benjamin–Ono equation to allow the determination of internal solitary wave (ISW) amplitude from satellite images. The free surface flow induced by an ISW is derived for deep water. As a coherent structure, the amplitude of the ISW has a unique relation to the convergence/divergence of surface flow, such that the flow convergence/divergence will increase/decrease the backscattering cross section and generate bright/dark bands in satellite images. The distance between bright and dark bands can be related to the amplitude of ISW. To validate the theory, a multi-ship measurement made on 9–11 May 2005 during the spring tide period is used. A systematic approach to determine the thickness and density of the upper and lower layers is also included so that the free surface flow can be determined with a relatively high accuracy.     

The evolution and trend of the traditional fishing rights

“Traditional fishing rights” were once universally accepted by the international community. However, under a regime of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in 1982, these rights were treated as a reasonable allocation of the surplus of the total allowable catch (TAC) or dependence on phase-out arrangements in bilateral fisheries agreements. This has caused the gradual marginalization of traditional fishing rights. This paper analyzes the transformations and trends affecting the development of fishing industries around the world, especially the growth and decline of traditional fishing rights and EEZs.     

Multi-transmitter multi-receiver null coupled systems for inductive detection and characterization of metallic objects

Equivalent dipole polarizabilities are a succinct way to summarize the inductive response of an isolated conductive body at distances greater than the scale of the body. Their estimation requires measurement of secondary magnetic fields due to currents induced in the body by time varying magnetic fields in at least three linearly independent (e.g., orthogonal) directions. Secondary fields due to an object are typically orders of magnitude smaller than the primary inducing fields near the primary field sources (transmitters). Receiver coils may be oriented orthogonal to primary fields from one or two transmitters, nulling their response to those fields, but simultaneously nulling to fields of additional transmitters is problematic. If transmitter coils are constructed symmetrically with respect to inversion in a point, their magnetic fields are symmetric with respect to that point. If receiver coils are operated in pairs symmetric with respect to inversion in the same point, then their differenced output is insensitive to the primary fields of any symmetrically constructed transmitters, allowing nulling to three (or more) transmitters. With a sufficient number of receivers pairs, object equivalent dipole polarizabilities can be estimated in situ from measurements at a single instrument sitting, eliminating effects of inaccurate instrument location on polarizability estimates. The method is illustrated with data from a multi-transmitter multi-receiver system with primary field nulling through differenced receiver pairs, interpreted in terms of principal equivalent dipole polarizabilities as a function of time.     

Shared near neighbours neural network model: a debris flow warning system

The main purpose of this study is to develop a new type of artificial neural network based model for constructing a debris flow warning system. The Chen‐Eu‐Lan river basin, which is located in Central Taiwan, is assigned as the study area. The creek is one of the most well‐known debris flow areas where several damaging debris flows have been reported in the last two decades. The hydrological and geological data, which might have great influence on the occurrence of debris flows, are first collected and analysed, then, the shared near neighbours neural network (SNN + NN) is presented to construct the debris flow warning system for the watershed. SNN is an unsupervised learning method that has the advantage of dealing with non‐globular clusters, besides presenting computational efficiency. By using SNN, the compiled hydro‐geological data set can easily and meaningfully be clustered into several categories. These categories can then be identified as ‘occurrence’ or ‘no‐occurrence’ of debris flows. To improve the effectiveness of the debris flow warning system, a neural network framework is designed to connect all the clusters produced by the SNN method, whereas the connected weights of the network are adjusted through a supervised learning method. This framework is used and its applicability and practicability for debris flow warning are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed SNN + NN model is an efficient and accurate tool for the development of a debris flow warning system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Immunological cross-reactions between P700 chlorophyll-proteins isolated from two marine green algae and one higher plant

P₇₀₀ Chl-protein was isolated from a marine green algaBryopsis corticulans with SDS-resolved thylakoid membranes by SDS-PAGE. After elution from the gel, the recovered protein revealed a 100 KD polypeptide by re-electrophoresis. The same SDS-PAGE procedure was used to isolate P₇₀₀ Chl-proteins from spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and another marine green algaCodium fragile. Polyclonal antibodies toBryopsis P₇₀₀ protein were raised in rabbits. The antibodies were shown to cross-react with P₇₀₀ Chl-protein and Chl-protein complexes containing P₇₀₀ protein fromB. Corticulans, C. f ragile, and even spinach. Results indicate similarity of the amino acid sequences of the P₇₀₀ Chl-proteins and the highly conserved structure of the apoproteins of phylogenetically distant species over evolution. The antibodies cross-react with none of the components of PSII in the species tested, indicating an independent pathway of evolution of photosystem I and photosystem II of later origin. Contribution No. 1717 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Comparative fatty acid composition of fourSargassum species (Fucales,Phaeophyta)

Fatty acid composition of fourSargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao, Shandong Province was investigated. 16:0 (palmitic acid) was the major saturated fatty acid. C₁₈ and C₂₀ were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid predominated among polyenoic acids in all the algal species examined, except forSargassum sp. which had low concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid. Contribution No. 2354 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences