国外海洋机器人技术发展动态

世界海洋机器人随着海洋事业的发展和军事上的需要正在迅猛发展,一批智能化的用途广泛的海洋机器人,如“深潜万米机器人”、“机器鱼”、“机器龙虾”、“六足蟹”、水下“飞机”和深海“呼吸器”等,相继研制成功,尚在研制中的机器人还有“机器金枪鱼”和“机器蛇”。     

Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediment from Guangxi, China

Total of 33 species of dinoflagellate cysts were discovered from surface sediment in the searegion of Guangxi, among them 12 cyst types (Diplopsalopsis sp.1, D. sp. 2, D. sp. 3, Cochlodinium sp., Protoperidinium sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. compressum , Scrippsiella sp. 1, S. sp. 2, Alexandrium sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3) were first reported from the South China Sea. And one cyst type (Cochlodinium sp.) was first reported in the world. Scrippsiella trochoidea is the dominant species in this area, accounting for 45% of all the cysts. There are 2 cysts of toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium tamarensis and Gymnodinium catenatum). But there is no relationship between cyst number and grain size distribution.     

The sudden disappearance of a dark filament observed on October 26, 1989

We present H monochromatic and spectroscopic observations of the sudden disappearance of a dark filament located near the center of the solar disk on October 26, 1989. The event was not associated with the flare activity. The dark filament first disintegrated into two loop-like components, and then each component successively showed ascending motion with a velocity greater than 30 km s^–1. Comparison of the H pictures taken before and after the start of this event suggests that the dark filament was originally composed of two magnetic flux loops.     

新疆南天山库车坳陷区东秋里塔格断褶带构造特征及新活动性

库车坳陷是南天山中段新构造运动异常强烈的地区,内部发育有四排近EW向展布的逆断裂-背斜带,由南天山山前向塔里木方向依次为:山麓逆断裂-背斜带;喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带;秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带和亚肯盲逆断裂-背斜带.东秋里塔格背斜属秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带东段部分,其构造运动尤为强烈.研究表明:东秋里塔格背斜是浅部滑脱面与其南翼逆冲断层共同形成的断层传播-滑脱混生褶皱,背斜南翼的浅层逆冲断层和深层的断坡构造是重要孕震场所.东秋里塔格浅部背斜核部的背冲式断裂和北翼的膝折属于派生的次级构造,断裂的规模、错动量有限.东秋里塔格背斜南翼逆断层最新活动错断Ⅱ级阶地砾石层,其活动年代至少为全新世早期,这次错动在地表留有3～4 km长的古地震破裂形迹,说明断裂具粘滑运动特征.     

基于GIS的油田数字化管道的实现

全国油田都在进行一场"数字油田"的革命,而数字化管道又是其中的一个重要环节.本文与油田实际相结合,基于MAPGIS进行二次开发,论述了数字化管道实现的基本理论.     

小波变换在遥感图像上矿区空间定位方面的分析与应用——以鄂东南铁矿矿区为例

随着社会的发展,人们对自然地物的影响越来越显著,大量地改变了地表的状况,在遥感图像上则表现为灰度值变化剧烈,其中的纹理信息发生改变.在频率域上说,人工改变的区域部分的高频成分比其他区域部分要丰富很多,小波变换能够有效地将其中的高频信息提取出来,用假彩色分割图将其中的异常值明显地表示出来.湖北大冶的铁山矿区分布着六大露天矿区,地表开挖范围广,影响程度大,以该地区为例,分析小波变换在遥感图像上矿区空间定位方面的应用.使用本文介绍的方法处理效果比较明显.矿区位置的确定还需要参考断层分布信息,这意味着使用小波变换进行处理的方法具有一定的局限性.     

江西省九岭区地质灾害危险性区划

对九岭区地质灾害发育的基本特征及其地质环境条件进行了概述,并对其形成条件进行了相关性分析;通过对地质灾害发育的基本规律、控制因素、触发因素与地质灾害关系的分析,采用环境地质学原理,建立区域地质灾害空间预测模型,圈定九岭区地质灾害的危险性分区,为实时地质灾害时间预警预报圈定有效的空间靶区。预测单元采用规则的栅格(500m×500m),共14415个单元;评价指标主要包括地形地貌、工程地质岩类、地质构造、破坏地质环境人类工程活动等四大类26个因子;利用GIS技术,提取出相关的数据信息;信息量预测方程:Ii=-1.164X1-0.999X2-0.681X3 …… 0.203X25-0.135X26(其中X1、X2、X3、…X26取1或0,即某单元中存在某种因素时取1、否则取0),据此计算出各单元格的信息量;根据地质灾害危险性分区临界指标,确定单元格的地质灾害危险性等级;合并同类项,并考虑类似的地质、自然环境具有类似的地质灾害问题的原则,进行归并与单元边界线的修改,得出九岭区地质灾害危险性分区。     

Calorimetric study of the coesite-stishovite transformation and calculation of the phase boundary

High temperature drop-solution calorimetry in molten 2 PbO · B₂O₃ at 1044 K for coesite and stishovite polymorphs of silica was carried out to determine the enthalpy of the coesite-stishovite transition. These experiments were performed on high-purity, single-phase samples of coesite and stishovite. Our new value for the enthalpy of the coesitestishovite transition (ΔH ₂₉₈ ⁰ ) is 29.85 ± 0.78 kJ/mol, which is about 35% lower than previously reported by Akaogi and Navrotsky (1984) and Holm et al. (1967), but which compares well with new measurements by Akaogi et al. (1994b). Using these new data, we have calculated the equilibrium phase boundary between coesite and stishovite and obtained a slope, dP/dT=0.0031 (2) GPa/K. This calculated slope is in good agreement with that determined [0.0026 (2) GPa/K] from the in-situ X-ray diffraction study of Zhang et al. (1996).     

Objective prism survey of qsos in the field centered at 10h40m + 00°00′

QSO objective prism survey was done for the field centered at 10^h40^m + 00°00. For the 348 objects selected, we present in this paper their positions,B _J magnitudes, spectra, and finding charts. Based on the sample containing 163 QSO candidates with higher reliabilities (F 3), the surface density of QSO candidates withB _J 20 is estimated to be about 4.5 per square degree.Work based on UKST plates.     

钾霞石制备体系碱性滤液的利用技术

为处理钾长石水热制备钾霞石所产生的碱性滤液,本文采用水热法,考察了氢氧化铝溶解时间、晶化时间、晶化温度、水碱比对钾霞石产率和白度的影响,并对合成钾霞石物相进行了表征。结果表明,合成钾霞石的最佳条件为,氢氧化铝溶解时间为1.5 h,晶化时间为4 h,晶化温度280℃,水碱比为1.8。XRD结果表明,产物为钾霞石粉体。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,Al(OH)₃中的Al在水热条件下进入到Si—O骨架中形成了Si—O—Al官能团,从而印证了钾霞石的合成。差热分析结果表明,合成钾霞石具有良好的热稳定性。氮气吸附结果表明,合成钾霞石比表面积为5.18 m²/g,平均孔径为32.98 nm。实现了钾长石水热制备钾霞石所剩碱性滤液的资源化利用,并为钾长石水热制备钾霞石提供了一种母液循环的思路,使水热制备钾霞石工业化成为一种可能。