MAPGIS-IMS组件结构研究及开发示例

WebGIS现已广泛应用于各个领域,而基于组件技术的WebGIS二次开发可以满足不同领域用户的特殊要求。本文首先简要阐述了WebGIS、组件技术与二次开发的基本原理,然后分别介绍了MAPGIS-IMS体系结构及各组件的功能,并深入剖析了MAPGIS-IMS组件的结构,最后给出基于.NET构架的MAPGIS-IMS组件二次开发应用示例。     

动态灰色模型在变形预测中的应用

本文在引入序列算子成功构造灰色序列的基础上,详细讨论了灰色预测模型的基本内容和两种动态灰色预测模型的实现,并成功将其应用于广州地铁变形监测的数据预报。实践及理论证明,新陈代谢灰色预测模型由于实时加入系统的最新信息,提高灰区间的白度,预测精度最高;灰数递补模型通过引入灰数,一定程度上也提高了预测的精度。新陈代谢灰色预测模型实践证明预测精度可达到一级。     

视景仿真中实体云的建模与渲染技术

在视景仿真中对云的建模和实时渲染是一项十分重要的工作.全面研究了视景仿真中3维实体云的建模与绘制技术,并根据视景仿真对云景仿真的需求,采用分形技术和粒子系统技术实现了一种既能获得良好的视觉效果,又能实时绘制的实体云建模与仿真技术.通过视点相关技术、层次细节技术、动态视点替用等技术大大提高了实体云仿真的实时性,使其在一般的微机平台上可以流畅运行.     

贝叶斯原理在遥感影像恢复中的应用

总结了遥感影像数据获取、传输和存储过程中引起影像退化的原因.根据信号处理中的概率统计理论,推导出了一种可以不依赖目标成像模型的遥感影像去模糊算法.实验结果表明,该算法具有较强的影像恢复能力和抗噪能力,对于缺乏点扩散函数先验知识的模糊遥感影像更加适用.     

The Extraction of Urban Surface Water from Hyperspectral Data Based on Spectral Indices

To prevent confusion between water and buildings in the extraction of urban surface water from hyperspectral data, we analyzed the spectra of shadows and water in hyperspectral images, and proposed an anti-shadow water extraction method. This method first uses the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for initial water extraction, then uses the height of the reflectance peak at 588 nm to eliminate the shadow of buildings. The method was validated by two hyperspectral datacubes, which were obtained for Jiaxing City and Zhoushan City in Zhejiang Province, China. Compared to the common spectral indices used to extract a water body, such as the NDVI, normalized difference water index, hyperspectral difference water index, and index of water index, the proposed method could effectively eliminate the shadow of buildings. The commission error reduced from more than 40% to about 15%, and the Kappa coefficient was increased from 60 and 70% to over 80% for the two datacubes. This indicated that the proposed method can inhibit the shadow of buildings and does not have a regional dependence.     

Initial results of centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation BDS satellites with inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous orbit determination is the ability of navigation satellites to estimate the orbit parameters on-board using inter-satellite link (ISL) measurements. This study mainly focuses on data processing of the ISL measurements as a new measurement type and its application on the centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation Beidou navigation satellite system satellites for the first time. The ISL measurements are dual one-way measurements that follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure. The ranging error of the ISL measurements is less than 0.25 ns. This paper proposes a derivation approach to the satellite clock offsets and the geometric distances from TDMA dual one-way measurements without a loss of accuracy. The derived clock offsets are used for time synchronization, and the derived geometry distances are used for autonomous orbit determination. The clock offsets from the ISL measurements are consistent with the L-band two-way satellite, and time–frequency transfer clock measurements and the detrended residuals vary within 0.5 ns. The centralized autonomous orbit determination is conducted in a batch mode on a ground-capable server for the feasibility study. Constant hardware delays are present in the geometric distances and become the largest source of error in the autonomous orbit determination. Therefore, the hardware delays are estimated simultaneously with the satellite orbits. To avoid uncertainties in the constellation orientation, a ground anchor station that “observes” the satellites with on-board ISL payloads is introduced into the orbit determination. The root-mean-square values of orbit determination residuals are within 10.0 cm, and the standard deviation of the estimated ISL hardware delays is within 0.2 ns. The accuracy of the autonomous orbits is evaluated by analysis of overlap comparison and the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals and is compared with the accuracy of the L-band orbits. The results indicate that the radial overlap differences between the autonomous orbits are less than 15.0 cm for the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites and less than 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites. The SLR residuals are approximately 15.0 cm for the IGSO satellites and approximately 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites, representing an improvement over the L-band orbits.     

归类识别地名匹配算法

针对现有中文地名匹配算法忽略中文表达的多样性和规则性使得匹配准确性不足的问题,文章提出了一种归类识别地名匹配算法。该算法首先基于地名通名词典和地名结构规则知识库对地名类型判定,然后进行地名核心词字符串相似度匹配,最终得到符合查找期望的匹配结果。论文以居民小区地名为具体研究对象,利用该算法对德州市600条已售小区数据进行匹配验证,试验结果表明该算法在匹配效率和准确性两方面有较大提升。     

赣西石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石特征及其地质意义

江西省石竹山硅灰石矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段的萍乐坳陷带内,是世界资源储量规模最大的硅灰石矿床。为了厘清区内成矿流体性质及进一步找矿潜力,本文根据矿物间的穿插关系和光学特征,将该矿床的石榴子石分为早(GrtⅠ)、晚(GrtⅡ)两个世代,在详细的野外工作基础上,利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术,对石竹山矿床中的石榴子石开展了系统研究。结果表明,石竹山硅灰石矿床石榴子石属于钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石固溶体系列,早期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅠ)Fe含量更高,且震荡环带发育,而晚期形成的石榴子石(GrtⅡ)则发育复杂环带。石榴子石GrtⅠ和GrtⅡ都亏损大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr等,而Nb、Ta、Zr等高场强元素相对含量较高,U含量与∑REE成正比。GrtⅡ的∑REE较低(12.92×10^-6~21.12×10^-6),具有较平坦的稀土元素配分模式,轻微富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),微弱负铕异常;GrtⅠ的∑REE相对较高(13.78×10^-6~73.52×10^-6),更富集轻稀土元素(Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm),呈右倾的稀土元素配分模式,负铕异常明显。推测石榴子石GrtⅠ形成于相对开放、水岩比值较高、高氧逸度的酸性体系中,GrtⅡ则形成于相对封闭、水岩比值较低、高氧逸度的中酸性体系中。此外,将石榴子石的端员组分和微量元素特征与国内外不同矿种的接触交代型金属矿床进行对比,结果显示该矿床存在成Cu、Fe、Mo矿体的潜力。     

来自大别山深成侵入岩图像深度迁移学习的可解释性研究

岩石图像识别是以深度学习为代表的感知智能在地质领域的典型应用场景。已有研究显示网络结构简单的深度卷积神经网络能够在岩石图像上取得比复杂网络结构高的分类准确率。这与ImageNet数据集上网络结构越深越好的趋势相悖。如何解释这一现象？深成侵入岩为显晶质,自形—半自形粒状结构,块状构造,其分类的依据是其矿物成分及相对含量。大别山地区岩浆活动广泛,中生代深成侵入岩广泛出露。岩石类型包括超镁铁质岩类、辉长岩类、闪长岩类、正长岩类、二长岩类和花岗岩类,基本覆盖IUGS推荐的深成侵入岩分类方案中的岩石类型。选取大别山地区中生代深成岩图像开展不同网络结构预训练模型迁移学习对比试验,能够专注于深度学习对矿物成分特征的学习解释,降低构造因素的影响。借助局部可理解的模型解释技术和特征图可视化技术,分别从全连接层分类决策区域可视化和卷积隐层可视化两方面对深度学习模型开展可解释性研究。结果表明简单网络结构的卷积神经网络能够提取不同矿物所表现出的颜色特征以及不同矿物组合所表现出的纹理特征。AlexNet模型的削减试验进一步证明：对于岩石图像深度学习,网络结构并不总是越深越好。     

西藏南部绒布地区晚白垩世宗卓组沉积相与沉积环境演化

宗卓组地层作为中生代海相沉积的重要组成部分,记载了西藏南部地区白垩纪古海洋、古气候等重要地质历史信息。通过对砂岩进行镜下观察、物源分析、粒度分析等方面的研究,本文对绒布地区宗卓组的沉积相类型和沉积环境演化有了新的认识。粒度分析指示沉积时期水体搬运动力较弱、存在浊流沉积;宗卓组内3种不同类型的砂岩镜下特征、地球化学特征和锆石U- Pb年龄,指示3类砂岩的物源不同。本文在宗卓组共识别出陆棚相、大陆斜坡相和深海盆地3类沉积相,并对其进行了更为详细的划分。晚白垩世新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲,俯冲结束后印度—亚洲大陆发生初始碰撞。结合研究区构造背景分析,本文推测这是导致研究区沉积环境由半深海环境变为深海环境的原因。对研究区宗卓组地层和砂岩来源进行分析后得出：在洋壳俯冲阶段,宗卓组为被动大陆边缘沉积;在之后印度—亚洲陆陆碰撞的初始碰撞阶段,特提斯喜马拉雅被动陆缘已不复存在,并完全过渡为前陆盆地。