1980～2017年厦门地区小时尺度极端降水特征分析

利用1980～2017年厦门逐小时降水资料和NCEP再分析资料,分析厦门地区极端降水事件的气候特征,并初步讨论其成因。研究结果表明:1）极端降水事件的年发生频率呈现减少的趋势,厦门岛的减少趋势要比内陆更为显著。2）小时尺度的极端降水事件在较小尺度空间内无论是发生频率还是强度都存在明显的区域性差异,内陆地区在发生频率和强度上均高于厦门岛,但强度的平均值一致。3）造成极端降水事件的天气系统有4类,分别是热带气旋型、冷式切变型、西南风气流型和低槽冷锋型。随着城市抗灾能力的提升,对极端降水预报的要求也不断提高,基于小时值的结论可以为未来厦门地区极端降水事件的预报提供参考基础,进而提升预报的有效性和针对性。     

GSM短信方式的自动气象站的维护

通过对GSM短信方式的自动气象站运行与维护情况进行分析,提出保障自动气象站安全运行的维护对策。     

Comparison and Analysis of Estimation Methods for Heavy Metal Pollution of Farmland Soils

Heavy metal pollution of farmland soils is a serious environmental problem. The accurate estimation of heavy metal pollution levels of farmland soils is very crucial for sustainable agriculture. Concentrations of heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in farmland soils at 186 sampling sites in the Baghrash Lake Basin, NW China, were determined and analyzed based on the pollution index (P_i), the geo-accumulation index (I_geo), the enrichment factor (EF), the ecological risk index (ER), and the environmental risk index (I_er). The results of these five different estimation methods were compared and discussed. The obtained results indicated that the average concentrations of all the heavy metals in the farmland soils of the study area were lower than the Soil Environmental Quality of China (GB 15168-2018) levels, but the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceed the corresponding background values. Significant differences in estimation results existed between the five estimation methods. Based on the identified concentrations, the average P_i, I_geo, and EF values of the heavy metals in farmland soils decreased in the order of: Zn > Pb > Cd > Cr > Ni > Cu > As, whereas the average ER values decreased in the order of: Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn, and the average I_er values decreased in the order of: Cd > Cu > Zn > As = Pb > Cr > Ni. The pollution class values with different estimation methods were ranked as: P_i > I_geo = EF > ER = I_er. The obtained results suggest that the most appropriate estimation method and soil background values of farmlands should be used for better understanding the environmental quality of farmland soils. Overall, the EF and ER methods are recommended for assessing heavy metal pollution risks of farmland soils.     

西北干旱地区枯水径流分析和预测

该区枯水径流分析和预测可用自回归模型进行。从自相关系数及枯水径流形成的条件,可将该区分为五个类型区。在自相关系数高、多年变化小的地区应用灰色残差模型预测枯水径流量能保证一定精度而又较简便。     

格尔木河水质现状及生态风险评估

为了了解经济迅速发展背景下格尔木河流域水体中痕量元素分布、水环境质量现状和生态风险,对格尔木河9个采样点水样21种痕量元素的分布及相关性进行了分析,以Cu、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cr和Pb为目标重金属,评估了格尔木河水质现状及生态风险。结果表明：重金属Pb浓度在所有水样中均低于检出限,其它痕量元素浓度在0.001(Cd) ~ 6297.013(Sr) μg?L<sub><sup>-1</sup></sub>范围变化。根据相关性分析,推测格尔木河水体中Li、Sc、Ti、V、Cu、Ge、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd来源可能相同。采样点水样6种重金属浓度均达到地表水环境质量I类的标准。采用5种方法评价了格尔木河水质现状,结果表明研究区水质处于无污染的理想状态。格尔木河重金属引发的潜在生态风险处于低风险水平(生态风险指数变化范围为0.35~0.68)。     

Alpha-spectrometric determination of uranium and thorium in geological samples

Alpha-spectrometric technique is described as an independent method for determining micro-contents of U²³⁸ and Th²³². It is based on the comparison of alpha spectral activity of U²³⁸ and Th²³² in geological samples with that contributed by the U²³²·Th²²⁸ spike of known concentration. The experiment procedure consists of dissolving fine powdered samples with acid and adding a given amount of U²³²-Th²²⁸ spike. Uranium and thorium are then separated by ion exchange. After purification, each aliquot is mounted onto a separate stainless steel disk for measurement by alpha spectrometer, which consists essentially of a silicon surface barrier detector and a low noise amplification system connected to a multi-channel analyzer. After corrections for the background, tail and other factors, the desired U²³² and Th²³² concentrations can be calculated. The data obtained by the alpha-spectrometric method using U²³²-Th²²⁸ spike are compared with colorimetric determinations. Excellent agreement is obtained between the two sets of results. The coefficients of correlation are about 0.98 for U²³⁸ and 0.97 for Th²³². The accuracy of uranium and thorium analyses by this method depends primarily upon the counting statistics of U²³², U²³⁸ and Th²²⁸ and, to a certain extent, upon the calibration of U²³²-Th²²⁸ spike. Errors in uranium and thorium concentrations obtained by this method are generally within 2 to 5%.     

Studies on the edwardsiellosis and characterization of pathogenic bacteria from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus L.) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

1IntroductionEdwardsiellahas been recognized as a world-wide-occurring pathogen of numerous marine fishspecies,and edwardsiellosis has been recorded in adiverse array of fish species,including chinooksalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschaL.(Amandi etal.,1982),cha…     

皱纹盘鲍经诱导后血淋巴中一些因子变化的研究

于１９９５年１１月在山东荣城大鱼岛鲍养养殖厂采集皱纹盘鲍，以大肠杆菌，弧菌为诱导物，将鲍分为三组分别进行注射，在注射后的５，１８，３２，５０ｈ分别取鲍血淋巴，测定其抗菌，溶菌，酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力，并研究注射组各项活力的变化规律。实验结果表明，适当的刺激可增加皱纹盘鲍的抗病能力。     

关于企业资本结构优化问题的探讨

随着改革的不断深入,企业资本结构问题越来越受到重视,举债经营虽不失为企业筹资举措中的一条捷径,但当前我国大部分国有企业过度负债之现状及后果也显而易见。因此,优化国有企业资本结构绝不是一个简单的负债与所有者权益孰多孰少的调整,而是一个促进国有企业合理运用负债方式融资以及提高经济效益的形态过程。     

川西滇北引水区河流水质特性与治污调水研究

本文重点概述了川西滇北地区 ,西线调水河流的地理背景 ,河水矿化度、化学类型与河水硬度等水质特性以及该区河流水环境与水体污染分析评价。旨在促进引水区调水前期工作的节水、治污和生态环境保护的科学监测预报.