泛长三角地区城市的空间结构演变

随着长江三角洲经济发展带来的环境和成本问题,长江三角洲泛化势在必然.研究泛长三角地区的空间结构演变有利于正确认识和把握其空间发展规律,从而为泛长三角地区的发展提供科学依据.基于扩散理论并结合现代GIS空间分析技术,构建场扩散模型,从城市场空间结构演化角度分析泛长三角地区核心--边缘结构的形成过程.研究发现:泛长三角地区经历了行政中心孕育,行政中心极化,点轴扩散,网络化过渡和复合式核心--边缘结构形成五个阶段.城市场主体区经历了"之"字型--"几"字型--"虾"型--"鳊鱼"型四种空间形态;场强极强区--场强较强区--场强一般区面积呈递增格局并且各自逐年递增;城市节点,扩散通道(线),行政区面的扩散值大大增强,但中部区域普遍大于外缘地带.     

贵州丹寨汞矿田甲烷包裹体研究及其地质意义

根据显微镜下观察和包裹体均一温度测定,在丹寨汞矿田中发现了大量高密度甲烷包裹体,其均一温度为-92.7~-118.2 ℃,密度为0.278~0.350 g/cm3。与甲烷包裹体共生的盐水包裹体均一温度主要为170~230 ℃。以盐水包裹体的均一温度作为甲烷包裹体的捕获温度,用包裹体热力学方法计算出高密度甲烷包裹体在成矿过程中的捕获压力高达106.8~233.3 MPa。高密度甲烷包裹体的发现,为丹寨古油藏中原油在深埋过程中受高温裂解作用产生超压环境提供了重要证据。甲烷包裹体的观测结果为研究油热裂解气藏的压力条件和探讨汞成矿与油气成藏之间的关系提供了重要信息。     

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in surficial sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, China

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments of the Yangtze Estuary, especially the North Branch, have been fully investigated. PAH concentrations increased with the descending distance from the inner estuary to the adjacent sea, and varied significantly in various estuarine regions. Water currents (e.g., river runoff and ocean current) greatly affected the distribution pattern. In addition, ambient sewage and traffic also contributed to the PAH pollution in the estuary. In the adjacent sea, PAH values along the -20m isobath were higher than those along the -10m isobath due to the "marginal filter" phenomenon formed by different water currents. In most sites, PAHs had poor correlations with sediment size, but had positive correlations with total organic carbon. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis results, PAH sources were proved to be mainly from a mixture of petroleum combustion, biomass, and coal combustion.     

海底热液多金属硫化物分布及控矿因素

基于最新公布的全球热液矿点数据讨论了海底热液多金属硫化物矿体形成的构造环境,探讨了深部岩浆活动、断裂构造以及沉积物盖层等控矿因素对洋中脊多金属硫化物矿体成矿的影响。研究结果表明:海底热液多金属硫化物矿点主要分布于离散型板块边界和汇聚型板块边界;深部岩浆活动和断裂构造是洋中脊热液多金属硫化物成矿最主要的控矿因素;快、慢扩张洋中脊环境深部岩浆活动和断裂构造的差异导致在海底形成了不同规模的多金属硫化物矿体。对认识海底热液多金属硫化物矿床分布与成矿规律、以及开展海底多金属硫化物资源勘查具有一定的指导意义。     

南黄海中部海底沉积物原位声速与物理性质相关关系

基于在南黄海中部获得的海底沉积物原位声速数据,分析讨论了原位声速与密度、含水量、孔隙比、孔隙度等沉积物物理性质参数的相关关系。通过回归分析建立了海底沉积物原位声速预测方程。结果表明,原位声速与上述物理参数之间具有良好的相关性,相关系数r均大于0.93。对比分析了原位声速预测方程与甲板声速预测方程的差异,两者最小相差15.8 m/s,最大相差31.3 m/s,平均差值约为22.6 m/s。将原位声速预测方程与其他研究者建立的声速预测方程进行了对比,结果表明不同声速预测方程存在明显差异,初步分析了存在差异的原因。     

A method of making deepwater shallow sediments considering their rehological properties

Abstract

In this article, based on the rheological consolidation model of deepwater shallow sediments, the artificial samples were made in laboratory. The feasibility of artificial samples was verified by electron microscopy scanning and triaxial experiments. Deepwater shallow sediments consolidation models mainly considers two points: (i) the change of permeability with time and temperature and (ii) the effect of rheology. The consolidation experiment of deepwater shallow sediments verifies the correctness of the model. It can be found that, the artificial and natural samples have the same physical and mechanical properties. And the physical properties of natural samples can be obtained by rheological consolidation model of deepwater shallow sediments.     

Correction for effects of temperature and pressure on sound speed in shallow seafloor sediments

Abstract

Three types of sediments were selected to measure their sound speed under changing temperature and pressure conditions in laboratory. The effects of temperature and pressure on sound speed in sediments and their trends were analyzed. The results showed that, with increasing temperature and pressure, the sound speed exhibits an increasing trend in all selected sediments. For each sample, the ratio of the sound speed in sediments to that in seawater almost remained unchanged at different pressures and temperatures, with a maximum fluctuation of 1.09% for temperature dependence and 0.68% pressure dependence. Combining the analysis of experimental results and sound speed correction procedure given by Hamilton, specific correction formulas of sound speed for temperature and pressure were presented. The laboratory-measured sound speed in the experiment and the sound speed obtained in the South Yellow Sea were corrected to reduce the effects of temperature and pressure using the correction formulas. The results show that the correction formulas with constant sound speed ratio are effective for correcting the sound speed measurement errors caused by changes in temperature and pressure. As a further consideration, the effects of the fluctuation of sound speed ratio on sound speed correction were analyzed.     

湖北宜昌地区大气降水中的稳定同位素特征

根据宜昌2007年5—11月大气降水中稳定同位素和气象资料,分析了宜昌地区大气降水中稳定同位素的变化特征。结果表明,宜昌降水中氘过剩值(d)偏高,说明宜昌地区大气降水的水汽原蒸发较快;稳定同位素与降水时的平均温度呈正相关,并且存在阶段性差异,δ~(18)O的分馏时段与δD相反;但与降水量的相关性不明显,只表现在夏季的6月和7月。研究得出,宜昌大气降水线与全球和全国存在差异,主要体现在宜昌的地理环境、地理背景以及宜昌的大气环流模式上。     

龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌特征及与国内其他丹霞地貌的对比

江西龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌景观发育于信江盆地中生代红层中,以发育老年早期孤峰、峰林、残丘类地貌景观为特征,是我国丹霞地貌发育最好的地区之一。断裂切割、岩性差异、流水侵蚀和重力崩塌作用,是造成丹霞地貌景观差异的主要原因,同时由于所处盆地内位置、出露的红层性质以及构造发育特征的不同,也影响地貌发育的特色。目前国内所发现的丹霞地貌主要分布于东南、西南和西北地区。由于它们所处的大地构造位置、地壳活动特征、自然地理条件的不同,丹霞地貌的成因机制也不相同。阐述了龙虎山世界地质公园丹霞地貌景观类型及其特色,并着重研究丹霞地貌景观的成因机制,以及与其他地质公园、遗产地进行比较研究。     

电涌保护器的选择及使用中应注意的问题

正确选择和使用电涌保护器(SPD)是保护电子设备的关键,SPD的选择及安装是防雷工程最重要的环节,如不能正确选择和安装电涌保护器就不可能起到保护设备的功能,甚至还会出现损坏设备的事故。从对电子设备进行雷击电磁脉冲防护的角度,重点阐述了安装多级SPD的依据以及在使用过程中应注意的事项。