Expert Testimony for the Plaintiffs in the Case that Brought Ohio Ground-Water Law into the 20th Century

Abstract. The 1984 Ohio Supreme Court ruling on Cline v. American Aggregates changed Ohio's ground-water law from an 1861 ruling based on the English Rule of absolute ownership to a doctrine of reasonable use which recognizes that landowners have the privilege to use the water beneath their land but can be held liable to others if their use of ground water causes others unreasonable harm. The Ohio Supreme Court did not define unreasonable harm in the Cline case. As a result, unreasonable harm is being established through case law, the first such case being the relitigation of Cline v. American Aggregates.
Depositions and expert testimony presented during the Cline cases, which represent a group of 56 landowners in a single lawsuit, showed the diverse ways in which the quantity and quality of ground water used for domestic-water supplies were affected by operation of a dewatering system at an aggregate mine. The testimony highlighted the complex interaction between regional hydrodynamics, variations in local hydrogeologic settings, well-construction methods, spatial variations in infiltration and recharge, and vertical leakage with the effects of the regional decline in water levels produced by the dewatering system.     

不同森林生态系统对全球气候变化和经济活动响应的比较分析（英文）

本文对俄罗斯、蒙古和中国范围气候变化对不同生态系统(寒带、热带)空气记录分布的影响进行研究,并将这些生态系统对全球气候变化的响应进行比较分析,其中空气记录来自研究范围的关键区域。研究发现,森林生态系统对气候变化具有一定的响应。伴随着气候变化,社会经济活动对生态系统的影响显著。研究结果表明,气候驱动力和人类直接影响对森林和草原生态系统如何施加影响有待进一步研究。     

Interactions Between An Alluvial-Aquifer Wellfield And The Scioto River,Ohio, USA

Data from wellfields in the Scioto River valley aquifer near Piketon, Ohio, USA, were used to evaluate groundwater quantity and quality and to formulate wellfield-management concepts for future use of the alluvial aquifer. The percentage of induced river infiltration pumped from wells next to the river was estimated using a numerical groundwater-flow model and chemical mass-balance techniques. These analyses indicate that 50 to 88 percent of the wellfield water is derived from induced infiltration of river water. Model simulations correlate the percentage of well water from induced infiltration to wellfield pumpage, river stage, proximity of wells to the river, riverbed hydraulic conductivity, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and river-stage level. Induced infiltration of river water has influenced the quality of groundwater, making the wellfield water more similar to the chemical character of the river than to that of the alluvial aquifer.

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Resumen: Los datos procedentes de un conjunto de pozos en el acuífero de valle del Río Scioto, cerca de Pinkerton, Ohio; se usaron para evaluar la cantidad y calidad de las aguas subterráneas, así como para planificar la gestión de los pozos cercanos al mismo, fue estimado mediante un modelo numérico de flujo y técnicas de balance químico de masa. Los análisis indican que entre el 50 y 88 porciento del agua bombeada procede de infiltración inducida. Simulaciones realizadas con el modelo permitieron correlacionar el porcentaje del agua bombeada que proviene de infiltración inducida, con distintas variables: caudal de bombeo, tramo del río, proximidad de los pozos al río, conductividad hidráulica del lecho del río, conductividad hidráulica del acuífero y nivel del tramo de río. La infiltración inducida ha afectado a la calidad del agua de los pozos, cuyo carácter químico es más parecido al del agua del río que al del acuífero aluvial.

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Résumé: Les données provenant de champs captants dans l'aquifère de la valée de la Scioto, près de Piketon (Ohio), ont été utilisées pour évaluer la quantité et la qualité de l'eau souterraine et pour définir les conditions de gestion de l'exploitation future de cet aquifère alluvial. La part de la réalimentation par la rivière, sous l'effet de pompages, dans les eaux des puits voisins du cours d'eau, a été estimée au moyen d'un modèle numérique d'écoulement souterrain et par des méthodes chimiques du bilan de matière. Ces analyses indiquent que 50 à 88 pourcent de l'eau pompée provient de la réalimentation par la rivière. Les simultations corrèlent la part pompée provenant de la réalimentation avec les pompages, le niveau de la rivière. La réalimentation provoquée à partir de la rivière a influencé la qualité de l'eau souterraine en conférant à l'eau des puits des caractères plus proches de ceux de la rivière que de ceux de l'aquifère alluvial.

     

Geodynamics and ore content of basite-ultrabasite complexes ofSiberian Platform southern framing rocks （Kodaro-Udokan and Muja zones of North Transbaikalye）

In southern framing of Siberian Platform, basite-ultrabasite intrusive complexes were forming over a long period of time (Early Proterozoic-Paleozoic Era) as a result of collisional and post-collisional processes. In Muja zone they formed mainly in island-arch geodynamic conditions, in Kodaro-Udokan zone-in continental. Most productive toward noble metals in Muja zones are basite-ultrabasites of the Dovyrensk complex‘, in Kodaro-Udokan basites of the Chiney complex. Gold in these formations has both mantle and crustal springs.