Tidal torques and galactic warps

%We study the evolution of galactic disks subject to tidal torques motivated by cosmological N-body simulations using analytic and numerical techniques. We find that self-gravitating disks subject to these torques resemble observed warped galaxies. The warps develop at a local surface density of 70 M _⊙ pc^-2 and move out through the disk at a rate that depends on the surface density of the disk. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A discussion on analytical and numerical modelling of the land subsidence induced by coal seam gas extraction

Coal seam gas (CSG) is an increasingly important source of natural gas all over the world. Although the influence of conventional oil and gas extraction on surface subsidence has been widely recognized and studied, few studies are carried out on the surface subsidence in coal seam gas fields and its impact on surface infrastructure and the environment. This paper discusses modelling of the surface subsidence associated with coal seam gas production by applying both analytical and numerical methods. By comparison of results from the numerical model and two analytical models, i.e. the disc-shaped reservoir model and the uniaxial compaction model, the analytical solutions cannot describe the complex process of water and gas extraction and have the limitations to predict the surface subsidence, while the numerical model can be better used in prediction of subsidence. After applying the numerical model in numerical analysis, the deformation characteristics of coupled fluid flow, and the effects of permeability change of coal seam, associated overlying and underlying layers, and depressurization rates on surface subsidence are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can simulate the production of water and gas from coal seams and the associated surface subsidence.     

阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区变形岩石EBSD组构分析

岩石组构是指组成岩石的矿物在岩石中分布的各向异性,EBSD(Electron Back Scattered Diffraction)岩组分析就是运用电子背散射衍射技术测定岩石结构要素——岩石中矿物分布的规律性。本文作者运用EBSD技术方法,对阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区变形岩石的组构分析显示,花岗质糜棱岩和蚀变变形花岗岩中,石英变形机制是以中温I级柱面(10-10)0001和中高温II级柱面(10-10)0001滑移为主,少量为中低温底面(0001)11-20滑移;而在变形火山岩中,石英变形机制是以中低温底面(0001)11-20滑移系为主。在区域南北向剖面分布上,接近阿尔金北缘断裂和白尖山断裂的中北部变形温度较高,向南变形温度有逐渐降低的趋势。从岩石组构特点结合宏观构造分析,可以认为本区北段属于中—中深层次(15~25km,t=350~550℃,P=0.40~0.60GPa)的韧性变形,而中南段为中浅层次(10~15km,t=250~350℃,P=0.25~0.40GPa)的韧脆性变形。结合不同变形特点花岗岩的年代学资料,确定构造变形的时代为早古生代。上述特征与区域上发育板块碰撞带,且北部发育高压榴辉岩和蓝片岩的构造部位以及该构造变形带的演化历史相吻合。     

便携式自动气象站结构与功能设计

从便携式自动气象站的用途、需求出发,进行了便携式自动气象站结构与功能设计,重点突出了移动应急气象观测对自动气象站的便携性、易架设性、低功耗、支持多种通信方式的要求。中国气象局气象探测中心制定了《便携式自动气象站功能规格需求书》,并对8个厂家生产的设备在3个气象台站进行了试用,测试了传感器性能、使用的便携性和易架设性、通信方式的多样性、设备运行的低功耗和长期稳定性,试验结果表明,设备结构和功能设计可满足移动应急气象观测需求。     

滇黔桂地区金矿空间分布的分形特征

应用分形理论对滇黔桂“金三角”地区金矿的空间分布特征进行了研究，结果表明，金矿的空间分布具有自相似的分形特征，分维可用以定量描述金矿的分布规律；对不同区块用数盒子法（ｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇ－ｂｏｘ）计算了金矿空间分布的分维值，结果显示，盒子数与尺度有很好的相关性，其相关系数均达０．９９以上；初步探讨了分维值的地质意义。     

玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系

玉门断裂是祁连山北缘断裂带的组成部分,也属于酒西盆地南缘断裂带的一支,是酒西盆地内二级构造单元的边界。玉门断裂表现为强烈的逆冲推覆特征,并有不大的左行水平位移分量,次级断裂走滑方向与其走向有关;玉门断裂自早更新世以来一直活动,是现代地震断裂,也是玉门地震的发震断裂。     

Galaxy concentrations are trimodal

We have analysed the distribution of inclination-corrected galaxy concentrations in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that unlike most galaxy properties, which are distributed bimodally, the distribution of concentrations is trimodal: it exhibits three distinct peaks. The newly discovered intermediate peak, which consists of early-type spirals and lenticulars, may contain ∼60 per cent of the number density and ∼50 per cent of the luminosity density of  ^0.1 M_r < −17  galaxies in the local universe. These galaxies are generally red and quiescent, although the distribution contains a tail of blue star-forming galaxies and also shows evidence of dust. The intermediate-type galaxies have higher apparent ellipticities than either disc or elliptical galaxies, most likely because some of the face-on intermediate types are misidentified as ellipticals. Their physical half-light radii are smaller than the radii of either the disc or elliptical galaxies, which may be evidence that they form from disc fading. The existence of a distinct peak in parameter space associated with early-type spiral galaxies and lenticulars implies that they have a distinct formation mechanism and are not simply the smooth transition between disc-dominated and spheroid-dominated galaxies.     

Application of EDA technology and μClinux operating system in the earthquake precursor instruments

Using Altera's Quartus Ⅱ, Nios Ⅱ IDE and Sopc Builder development tools, the proton precession magnetometer principle host hardware platform is designed in a cyclone Ⅱ series FPGA chip (EP2C35). The proton precession magnetometer principle host core circuit's single-chip system-logic design is achieved by building and configuring the Nios Ⅱ soft-core processor, developing the IO interface and sensor control circuits, programming some hardware units' VHDL code, for example the equal precision cymometer and the DPLL. Through researching the embedded operating system configuration technology and building the NIOS Ⅱ soft-core processor's μClinux cross-compile environment, the μClinux system is transplanted to the NIOS Ⅱ environment. Another important task is writing the device drivers' and user programs' code. Through these work, the design realize the host function and achieve the expected target.

     

北京西山谷积山背斜地热系统成因模式及远景区预测

北京西山隆起区没有天然温泉出露。近年来,在谷积山背斜相继钻井发现了40～49℃的地下热水,但对地热系统成因尚无研究。运用地质、水文地质、地球化学等方法开展研究,结果表明热储为蓟县系雾迷山组白云岩岩溶裂隙水,热水为HCO_3-Ca·Mg型,为中-弱碱性、微硬度、氟水型淡热矿水,初步称为北京西山谷积山地热田。构建了地热系统成因模式,分析热源为谷积山背斜深部隐伏的燕山期酸性花岗岩体产生的放射性元素衰变生热,为隆起山地碳酸盐岩层状热储的地热系统类型,不同于一般隆起山地导热断裂对流地热系统类型。结合西山地区广泛发育的穹窿型构造与燕山期岩浆活动特征,初步预测西山下苇甸穹窿等穹窿型构造具有形成地热系统的地热地质条件,有潜力成为地热资源的富集远景区。     

东天山天宇镍矿床控矿构造初步研究

天宇铜镍矿床位于塔里木板块之中天山地块东南缘,铜镍矿床主要受康古尔断裂和雅满苏断裂控制。矿区及外围主要出露中元古界的一套中、深变质岩系,次为上古生界一套火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩;褶皱构造和断裂构造比较发育,以北东东向为特征,白虎关复背斜是区内一级褶皱构造,砂泉子断裂（雅满苏断裂在区内的部分）是区内一级断裂构造;片麻岩及变形花岗岩中各种片麻状与眼球状构造非常发育,反映遭受了区域性韧性变形。详细的地表地质与坑道调查显示,矿区内以断裂构造为特征,主要有北东向断裂和近南北（北北东）向断裂,其中一部分北东向断裂控制含镍矿超基性岩体的侵位和展布,继而控制镍矿体的分布;近南北（北北东）向断裂主要为成矿后断裂,对含矿超基性岩体及镍矿起左行断错和破坏作用。但是在天宇镍矿区断错有限,主矿体比较完整,没有被明显断错。在1350 m采矿中段镍矿体的突然尖灭不是南北向断裂断错造成的,而是含矿超基性岩体内镍矿化不均匀的自然尖灭结果。此研究成果对于东天山地区乃至国内同类型铜镍矿床的构造控矿作用分析、矿山采矿工程部署等具有重要的启示。