包气带剖面中古水文—气候信息的初步研究

包气带作为联系地表各层圈相互作用的敏感带，具有特殊的记忆功能，是最有可能的古水文－－气候变化记录档案，研究中以2个包气带剖面为研究对象，通过对剖面上土壤水的Cl^-含量变化进行研究，利用Cl^-质量平衡方法探讨识别其所代表的古水文－气候记录的方法，恢复研究区的古水文补给历史，研究结果表明，研究区300a以来的古水文－气候状况有过3次干／湿变化旋回，并且反映在地下水补给速率的变化上。     

中国矽卡岩矿床基本地质特征

中国是世界上矽卡岩矿床最发育的国家之一,矿种包括Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Sn、Mo、Bi、Au、U、TR、稀有元素和非金属等。矿床常成群成带分布,主要产于地台活化区和褶皱带的拗陷区,成矿时代以燕山期为主。 与侵入体有成因联系的矿床具有明显的岩浆岩和交代岩成矿专属性。矽卡岩矿床的形成大多经历了接触变质作用(部分矿床有岩浆期镁矽卡岩阶段)、岩浆期后矽卡岩阶段和酸性淋滤作用,分别形成各类矽卡岩和交代岩,矿化主要形成于矽卡岩晚期和酸性淋滤阶段,各类含矿交代岩常围绕侵入体呈带状分布,但互有成因联系,在一定地区组成一定的交代系列。在矿床形成过程中碱质和挥发分起着十分重要的作用。     

双通道SAR振动目标快速检测

目标的振动会对雷达回波产生特殊的相位调制,称为微多普勒效应,能够提供对微动目标检测的有利信息,因此对提高SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)系统性能具有重要意义。然而,已有的检测算法存在运算量大、抗杂波噪声能力弱和无法适应多振动目标等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出一种对振动目标检测的新算法。该算法利用相位中心天线偏置DPCA(Displaced Phase Center Antenna )对消技术消除杂波,并沿方位向累加DPCA信号来提高算法的抗噪声能力。由于振动目标SAR方位回波的频谱与脉冲序列具有高度相似性,本文算法选择了检测重复脉冲序列的脉冲重复频率PRI(Pulse Repetition Interval )变换法来实现振动目标的检测。仿真实验表明,本文算法能够在强杂波噪声条件下检测振动目标,同时具有准确振动频率估计性能,甚至当同一个单元存在多个振动目标时,本文算法依然适用。仿真中振动目标检测的计算机运行总时间不超过0.6 s,说明本文算法适用于实时检测,通过与GLRT算法和Hough变换算法运算量的比较,证明了本文算法相比于经典算法具有运算量小,检测速度快的优点。     

三疣梭子蟹病原副溶血弧菌的分离与鉴定

从养殖病死三疣梭子蟹肝胰脏及心脏血淋巴液中分离到大量优势生长的细菌,人工感染试验证明分离菌对三疣梭子蟹有较强的致病性;对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性、胞外酶及溶血素活性等表型生物学性状及16S rRNA和gyrB两种基因的分子鉴定。菌株(JGX080708-1)所扩增的16S rRNA基因序列长度为1453bp(GenBank登录号:FJ824663),所扩增的gyrB基因序列长度为1191bp(GenBank登录号:GQ372985);两种基因序列在NCBI通过blast检索,结果均与弧菌属细菌的基因序列自然聚类;根据分离菌的表型及分子特征,判定分离菌为弧菌属(Vibrio Pacini1954)的副溶血弧菌[Vibrio parahaemolyticus(Fujino et al1951)Sakazaki Nakamura and Takizawa1963]。分离菌的药敏试验结果显示,对供试49种抗菌药物中的安曲南等42种药物高度敏感,对林可霉素敏感,对青霉素G等6种药物耐药。     

格尔木市高精度数字高程基准模型研究

大地水准面（数字高程基准）为国家高程基准的建立与维持提供了全新的思路。然而,受限于地形、重力数据等原因,高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立一直是大地测量领域的难题。本文以格尔木地区为例,探讨了高原地区高精度数字高程基准模型的建立方法。首先,基于重力和地形数据,由第二类Helmert凝集法计算了格尔木重力似大地水准面。在计算中,考虑到高原地形对大地水准面模型的影响,采用了7.5″×7.5″分辨率和高精度的地形数据来恢复大地水准面短波部分的方法,以提高似大地水准面的精度。然后,利用球冠谐调和分析方法将GNSS水准与重力似大地水准面联合,建立了格尔木高精度数字高程基准模型。与实测的67个高精度GNSS水准资料比较,重力似大地水准面的外符合精度为3.0 cm,数字高程基准模型的内符合精度为2.0 cm。     

黄海苏北浅滩海域春夏季浮游植物时空分布及其控制生态因子

The Subei Shoal is a special coastal area with complex physical oceanographic properties in the Yellow Sea. In the present study, the distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied during spring and summer of 2012 in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea. Phytoplankton species composition and abundance data were accomplished by Uterm?hl method. Diatoms represented the greatest cellular abundance during the study period. In spring, the phytoplankton cell abundance ranged from 1.59×10~3 to 269.78×10~3 cell/L with an average of 41.80×10~3 cell/L, and Skeletonema sp. and Paralia sulcata was the most dominant species. In summer, the average phytoplankton cell abundance was 72.59×10~3 cell/L with the range of 1.78×10~3 to 574.96×10~3 cell/L, and the main dominant species was Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Skeletonema sp., Dactyliosolen fragilissima and Chaetoceros curvisetus. The results of a redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that turbidity,temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to silicate and SiO_4-Si(DIN/SiO_4-Si) were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in spring or summer in the Subei Shoal of the Yellow Sea.     

Experimental Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submersible Fish Cage at Various Depths in Waves

Submersible fish cages can be submerged under the water to mitigate the negative effects that arise from severe sea conditions and improve the growing environment for the farmed fish. Thus they are increasingly applied in offshore aquaculture. To ensure both safety and economic efficiency of submersible fish cages, it is important to determine the optimum submergence depth. In this study, a series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a submersible fish cage at various submergence depths(1/6, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of the water depth as well as the floating condition for reference) with a model scale of 1:20. The results of the physical model experiment for the different depths were compared to analyze the effects of submergence depths on the mooring line tension and the movement of the floating collar. The results showed that the mooring line tension and the floating collar movement significantly attenuated with increasing submergence depth. However, the attenuation tendency became stable when the fish cage reached a certain depth. According to the results, 1/3 of water depth was determined as the optimal submergence depth of the fish cages. Deeper submergence depths showed no significant advantage from a perspective of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fish cage. The determination of the optimum submergence depth is beneficial for the structural design and operation safety of submersible net cages.     

Numerical investigation of effects of “baffles-deceleration strip” hybrid system on rock avalanches

Arrays of baffles are usually installed in front of protection site to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches in mountainous areas. Optimization design is crucial for efficiency promotion in hazard energy dissipation engineering. In this study, a deceleration strip was added in the baffles protection system to optimize the traditional baffles system. The effects of the "baffles-deceleration strip" hybrid protection system was discussed in detail with the nails number and nails angle. This study presents details of numerical experiments using the discreteelement method(DEM). The effect of the optimization of hybrid protection system(nail angle and nail number) were investigated specifically, especially the impact force that avalanches exerted on structures. The results show that the maximum impact forces and kinetic energy of the rock avalanches decreases with the increase of the number and angle of the nail. Moreover, the distance between the toe and the bearing structure(L_m) is also a key factor. The shorter the distance L_m(30 m) is, the higher the maximum impact force are. The longer the distance L_m(70 m) is, the lower the maximum impact force are. Under the same size of the nails, increasing the numbers can enhance the dissipation ability of the hybrid protection system. Meanwhile, increasing itsangle can also enhance the dissipation ability. There are three key ways for nails attenuate rock avalanches:(i) block the fine particles directly;(ii) form the particles bridge between nails and baffles;(iii) dissipate the coarse particles energy directly. The effect of segregation in rock avalanches is crucial for the energy dissipation mechanism, which is a key factor to optimize the traditional baffle system.     

贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成

贫金属富碳恒星(Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor, CEMP)是研究宇宙早期恒星性质和化学演化的极佳样本,通常认为来自双星.目前发现的贫金属富碳星中有9颗天琴RR变星(RR Lyrae star, RRL),其中至少7颗未表现出任何双星特征.传统双星物质转移模型不足以充分解释贫金属富碳天琴RR变星(CEMP-RR Lyrae)单星的形成.之前研究表明氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星(HG)的并合模型可以解释部分富碳红巨星单星的碳增丰现象,因此贫金属富碳星单星也可能来自氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星的并合模型渠道.通过详细计算的氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型来检验这一演化渠道,结果表明:该并合模型在后续的演化过程中,其重力加速度、温度、表面碳丰度均能与观测符合较好.由此,氦白矮星和赫氏空隙星并合模型极有可能是贫金属富碳天琴RR变星的形成渠道之一.     

长江口河口锋的悬沙及动力特征初探

通过对2002年9月、2003年4月和2004年10月在长江口滨外区多船同步定点观测的数据进行分析,捕捉到了长江口河口锋带位置,并利用调查数据分析了河口锋带的动力特征.结果表明:长江口河口锋的位置大约位于122°10′E,30°50′N至122°20′E,31°00′N一线附近,在河口锋带有着较为强烈的河海相互作用,流速不符合典型的对数流速曲线,河水与海水的相互消长局限于海面以下5 m的表层范围,观测表明在河口锋面区悬浮泥沙为泥沙流伏在海水之上输运.