Origin of the Zedang and Luobusa Ophiolites,Tibet

The Zedang and Luobusa ophiolites are located in the eastern section of the Yalung Zangbo ophiolite belt,and they share similar geological tectonic setting and age.Thus,an understanding of their origins is very important for discussion of the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean.There is no complete ophiolite assemblage in the Zedang ophiolite.The Zedang ophiolite is mainly composed of mantle peridotite and a suite of volcanic rocks as well as siliceous rocks,with some blocks of olivinepyroxenite.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of Cpx-harzburgite,harzburgite,some lherzolite,and some dunite.A suite of volcanic rocks is mainly composed of caic-aikaline pyroclastic rocks and secondly of tholeiitic pillow lavas,basaltic andesites,and some boninitic rocks with a lower TiO2 content （TiO2 ＜ 0.6％）.The pyroclastic rocks have a LREE-enriched REE pattern and a LILE-enriched （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,demonstrating an island-arc origin.The tholeiitic volcanic rock has a LREE-depleted REE pattern and a LILE-depleted （compared to HFSE） spider diagram,indicative of an origin from MORB.The boninitic rock was generated from fore-arc extension.The Luobusa ophiolite consists of mantle peridotite and mafic-ultramaflc cumulate units,without dike swarms and volcanic rocks.The mantle peridotite mainly consists of dunite,harzburgite with low-Opx （Opx ＜ 25％）,and harzburgite （Opx ＞ 25％）,which can be divided into two facies belts.The upper is a dunite-harzburgite （Opx ＜ 25％） belt,containing many dunite lenses and a large-scale chromite deposit with high Cr203; the lower is a harzburgite （Opx ＞25％） belt with small amounts of dunite and lherzolite.The Luobusa mantle peridotite exhibits a distinctive vertical zonation of partial melting with high melting in the upper unit and low melting in the lower.Many mantle peridotites are highly depleted,with a characteristic U-shaped REE pattern peculiar to fore-arc peridotite.The Luobusa cumulates are composed of wehrlite and olivine-pyroxenite,of the P-P-G ophiolite series.This study indicates that the Luobusa ophiolite was formed in a fore-arc basin environment on the basis of the occurrence of highly depleted mantle peridotite,a high-Cr2O3 chromite deposit,and cumulates of the P-P-G ophiolite series.We conclude that the evolution of the Eastern Tethys Ocean involved three stages：the initial ocean stage （formation of MORB volcanic rock and dikes）,the forearc extension stage （formation of high-Cr203 chromite deposits and P-P-G cumulates）,and the islandarc stage （formation of caic-alkaline pyroclastic rocks）.     

Morphological Characteristics of Sand Waves in the Middle Taiwan Shoal Based on Multi-beam Data Analysis

A DTM map of the study area in the Taiwan Shoal was drawn based on precise and high- density data acquired in a field survey by a multi-beam sounding system （R2Sonic2024）. We identified sand waves in the study area at water depths of 13.89-49.12 m; the main sand waves had heights of 5- 25 m, lengths of 0.1-2.0 km, and crest lines 0.1-6.5 km long. The spatial distribution of the sand waves on the seabed is dense in the north and sparse in the south and the directions range between 50°-80° and 90°-135°. Between the main sand waves, secondary sand waves develop with heights of 0.1-5.0 m and lengths of 10-100 m, which are difficult to detect by satellite remote sensing. By comparing the evolution structures of the secondary and main sand waves, we identified three evolution modes of the secondary sand waves： parallel, oblique, and divergent modes according to the relative crest directions. Suitable water depth, reciprocating current speeds between 40 and 100 cm/s, and abundant sediment supply create favorable conditions for the formation of linear sand waves. Comparing the DTM maps and profiles of the June 2012 and June 2013 surveys of the same area, we found that the shape and morphology of the sand waves remained mostly unchanged under normal hydrodynamic conditions.     

黑龙江嘉荫平顶山金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

平顶山金矿床位于佳木斯地块东北部,矿床的产出受断裂构造控制,矿体主要赋存于高角度张性破碎带中,矿石类型为石英脉和蚀变岩两种。笔者在对平顶山金矿的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征详细研究基础上,通过对各成矿阶段代表性的原生流体包裹体进行岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析,探讨了成矿流体性质和矿床成因类型。流体包裹体研究表明,流体包裹体以气液两相为主。主成矿阶段流体均一温度具有中低温(142.2℃～267.3℃)、低盐度(1.90%～4.32%NaCl)、低密度(0.81～0.94 g/cm3)的特征。包裹体气相成分主要为H2O,其次为CH4和CO2,液相成分主要为H2O和CH4。综合研究表明,平顶山金矿属于受断裂控制的中低温热液脉型金矿床。     

黑方台马兰黄土固结条件下孔隙变化特征

甘肃临夏地区的黑方台由于长期的农业灌溉导致台缘滑坡频发,整个台面普遍下沉3m以上。文章通过原状黄土的增湿固结实验、压汞试验和环境扫描电镜等对黑方台顶部和底部的原状黄土进行孔隙特征的分析。黑方台顶部黄土颗粒排列极为疏松、孔隙较大、黏土含量较低。底部黄土排列较为紧密,具有一定的孔隙,黏土含量较高。顶部黄土在固结实验中,21%含水量的黄土发生孔隙比突降,黄土的微观结构强度此时迅速减小或丧失。然而底部黄土没有发生明显的突变,水敏性不强。利用压汞试验确定了黑方台顶部黄土的孔隙主要压缩区间为孔径大于100m、孔径5～20m之间; 底部黄土的孔隙主要压缩区间为孔径大于100m、孔径1～10m之间。而且孔径小于0.1m的孔隙随含水量的升高具有增加的趋势。     

遥感在辽宁丹东地区1∶5万区域地质调查中的应用

通过对丹东地区1∶5万黄、白旗幅测区的遥感影像特征研究,结合地面调查进行综合分析和解译,对测区地层、侵入岩、变质岩、线性构造的遥感影像特征和解译效果进行了系统总结.发现可解译地质体和地质现象,解译效果较好,解译正确率达70%以上.归纳出一套行之有效的工作方法,证实遥感在区调工作中具有不可取代的作用和良好的应用价值.     

东北稳定参考框架NEChina20

选用中国地壳运动观测网络（CMONOC）在东北地区2012~2019年的GNSS观测数据,建立东北稳定参考框架（NEChina20）,实现由全球参考框架IGS14到NEChina20的位置坐标转换。NEChina20与全球参考框架IGS14保持坐标系缩放比例一致,两者在历元2020.0对齐。NEChina20的精度（稳定性）在水平方向约为0.5 mm/a, 在垂直方向 约为0.6 mm/a。参考框架的稳定性随时间的推移和覆盖面积的增加而退化,建议NEChina20 的适用范围在时间上限于从2005~2025年约20 a的时间窗口,在空间上限于东北地块及南端的河套断陷带和张家口-渤海断裂带。选用东北地区4个基岩站2000~2019年的GNSS连续观测数据,建立东北地区季节性地面升降模型。NEChina20与该季节性模型相结合,为在东北地区开展长期的、高精度的变形观测构建了基础设施。     

九江庐山地区地下水水文地球化学特征及成因

分析九江环庐山地区观测井水、大气降水、冷泉水、地热温泉水及地表水水样的常量化学组分和氢氧同位素及氚活度,结果表明,庐山地区地下水主要分为西北、东南两个水文地质单元,西北侧以九江台2号井井水、东林寺泉水为代表,水化类型为HCO3-Ca;东南侧以地热温泉井水、观音桥泉水为代表,水化类型为HCO3-Na,离子组分主要来自风化壳岩石风化。氢氧同位素显示,九江庐山地区地下水均属于降水成因型,部分井泉具有深循环的特征;氯离子估算结果显示,大气降水直接补给率约为4.5%~33.27%。大气降水下渗补给形成裂隙承压自流井泉是庐山地区地下水主要成因,另有部分为降水经长时间深循环形成地热温泉水,而九江台2号井既有浅表水特征又有深循环水的特征,暗示两个不同补给源的含水层通过不同循环路径上升到浅表地层,携带有部分深部构造活动信息,有利于获取地震前兆异常信息。     

油气成藏过程对低对比度油层形成的控制作用

低对比度油层的识别是目前油气勘探开发中急需解决的重要问题之一,而解决其成因是识别低对比度油层的基础和关键所在。以松辽盆地南部大情字井油田青二段为例,重点研究了油气成藏过程在此类油层形成中的控制作用。松辽盆地南部大情字井油田青二段为典型低孔—低渗储层,油气运移的阻力相对较大,圈闭构造幅度较小,因而油气成藏动力相对不足。油气成藏过程中成藏动力不足、多期成藏和成藏后受构造活动改造等原因导致油水关系复杂,这对低对比度油层的形成具有重要的控制作用。     

SEDEX型矿床地质地球化学特征及研究趋势

沉积喷流型矿床(SEDEX)是很重要的一类矿床,在世界范围内广泛分布,是Zn和Pb的重要来源,分别超过世界储量的50%和60%。笔者通过参阅前人研究成果以及相关文献,概述了沉积喷流矿床的构造背景、地质及地球化学特征、成矿模式以及勘探进展、找矿特征等,并列举出关于SEDEX矿床今后研究的几个方向。     

湘西北下寒武统黑色岩系中的沉积型钒矿

湖南西部寒武系下统牛蹄塘组底部的含碳硅磷质黑色岩系主要由黑色碳质页岩组成,富集了多种有色金属、贵金属、稀有金属和稀土元素,是我国新类型的有色金属、贵金属的矿产资源和后备矿产资源,其中尤以钒的资源量最丰富,是湘西地区继锰和汞铅锌矿之后,又一最具优势和开发前景的矿产资源。研究表明,黑色岩系形成于扬子准地台东南缘之深水斜坡的缺氧环境,有机质含量高是其重要特点,钒在有机质中优先被结合。沉积环境的改变导致成矿作用的发生,生物地球化学作用是钒矿成矿的主导作用。矿床属于化学和生物地球化学沉积型钒矿。