全文获取类型
收费全文 | 430篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 86篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 40篇 |
大气科学 | 66篇 |
地球物理 | 72篇 |
地质学 | 194篇 |
海洋学 | 69篇 |
天文学 | 51篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
自然地理 | 87篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 24篇 |
2013年 | 24篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 23篇 |
2010年 | 24篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 32篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有621条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
为了解青海湖浮游植物群落结构特征、时空分布格局及其关键环境驱动因子,于2020年5月(春)、8月(夏)、10月(秋)对青海湖进行系统调查,分析浮游植物群落在3个季度和4个区域(湖滨带、进水区、浅水区和深水区)间的差异。3次调查共检出浮游植物6门39属65种,物种组成以硅藻(36种,占总物种数的55.38%)、绿藻(17种,26.15%)和蓝藻(7种,10.76%)为主。4个区域间的浮游植物丰度存在显著差别,其中深水区丰度显著高于其他区域,主要原因可能在于深水区的环境较为稳定。3个季节间,浮游植物丰度和生物量具有较大差异:夏季和秋季的丰度、生物量均为春季的近10倍;浮游植物的优势类群和种类也发生了较大的变化:春季最具优势类群为硅藻门,优势种也主要隶属于硅藻门,而夏、秋两季则以蓝藻门种属占据主要优势。春季浮游植物的Pielou均匀度和Simpson多样性指数显著高于夏、秋两季,秋季Margalef指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数高于夏季。PERMANOVA分析和NMDS分析显示,青海湖浮游植物群落结构在不同区域和不同季节间具有显著差异。此外,dbRDA分析表明:盐度、水温和总磷... 相似文献
612.
613.
In this study, laboratory rainfall simulation in an extensive area was used to study the infiltration, and interception and storage from surface runoff in points with different stone cover percentages (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and slopes (5°, 10° and 20°). The experimental results of this study showed that the interrelationships among the slope, stone cover percentage, groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds were varied and irregular. No systematic patterns were detected for the change in the groundwater level, surface runoff amount, and interception and storage of the ponds with different stone cover percentages at different slopes and no threshold values were apparent. For a 5° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff was reduced, the infiltration and the groundwater level experienced no significant change, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 10° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of surface runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. For a 20° slope, if the stone cover percentage was increased, the amount of runoff increased, the infiltration decreased, the groundwater level experienced no significant change or decreased slightly at certain points, and the interception and storage of the ponds increased. With or without stone cover, when the hydraulic conductivity of the top material is close to that of fine sand or laterite, an increase in the slope gradient decreased the amount of surface runoff and increased the storage amount of the ponds. As for the stone distribution, an interlaced style showed better performance in the interception and storage of ponds than that of a regular style. There was no significant change in the groundwater level. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
614.
Huanfeng Shen Yaolin Liu Tinghua Ai Yi Wang Bo Wu 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
The performance of remote sensing images in some applications is often affected by the existence of noise, blurring, stripes and corrupted pixels, as well as the hardware limits of the sensor with respect to spatial resolution. This paper presents a universal reconstruction method that can be used to improve the image quality by performing image denoising, deconvolution, destriping, inpainting, interpolation and super-resolution reconstruction. The proposed method consists of two parts: a universal image observation model and a universal image reconstruction model. In the observation model, most degradation processes in remote sensing imaging are considered in order to relate the desired image to the observed images. For the reconstruction model, we use the maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework to set up the minimization energy equation. The likelihood probability density function (PDF) is constructed based on the image observation model, and a robust Huber–Markov model is employed as the prior PDF. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
615.
Chunjian Liu Qing Ai Zhen Yao Hualian Tian Jiayun Shen Haosen Wang 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2018,363(9):185
The gas giant planets’ formation processes in a viscously evolved protoplanetary disk are studied in the context of the core accretion model. In this paper, we follow the entire formation process of the core accretion model (the three stages). We find that the gas giant planets’ final masses and formation regions have strong dependence on the molecular cloud core’s properties (angular velocity \(\omega \) and mass \(M _{c d}\)) and the \(\alpha _{ \mathit{min} }\) parameter. We find and build the relationship between gas giant planets’ properties and molecular cloud core’s properties. In contrast to the previous works, we find that the formation process can be finished within the protoplanetary disk’s lifetime (4×106 yr) in our disk model. This is because the mass influx produced by the molecular cloud core can provide enough material to the protoplanetary disk. We also find that the gas giant planets’ final masses increase generally with the viscosity coefficient \(\alpha \). This is because most of the gas giant planet’s mass is captured during the rapid gas accretion phase (the third stage of the core accretion model), and furthermore the accretion of gas in this phase is dominated by the “gap limiting case”. And our numerical results can also be compared with the observed data of exoplanet systems. 相似文献
616.
针对海洋表面SAR影像的特点,采用基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征方法是提取海面溢油信息的常用方法,但实际海洋表面复杂的信息使得SAR图像上产生类似溢油现象的暗斑区域,这导致在利用纹理特征方法提取溢油信息时存在虚警率,降低了溢油信息的提取精度。基于RADARSAT-2 SAR四极化影像,本文提出基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法对海面油膜进行识别提取。结果显示,基于SAR极化比影像的纹理特征识别方法可以有效且准确地提取海面溢油信息,相比于VV极化影像的纹理特征识别方法,溢油监测过程中的虚警率降低了17.96%,溢油监测总体精度达到96.83%。 相似文献
617.
基于气温的浮冰侧向融化速率参数化方案实验研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
为定量探究影响冰层侧向融化的主导因素,并简化冰层侧向融化速率参数化方案,在实验室模拟了无风、静水、无辐射、纯热力学条件下纯水冰的融化过程,测量了冰层的侧向融化量,并记录了融化期间实验室气温、冰面皮温、水温及冰温等要素。观测结果表明,无辐射纯热力学条件下冰层侧向融化整体较均匀,侧向上层和下层融化速率相对中间层较快;相关性分析结果表明,气温与水温、冰温、冰面皮温之间都有很好的线性相关;信息流结果表明,气温是影响冰层侧向融化的最主要因素;最后通过拟合建立了用气温表征冰层侧向融化速率的参数化方案,并与前人的方案进行了比较,结果显示本文参数化方案模拟效果较好,所得标准偏差最小,为0.08 mm/h,达到了简化参数的目的。 相似文献
618.
Complex origins of silicate veinlets in HED meteorites: A case study of Northwest Africa 1109 下载免费PDF全文
We report on the petrography and mineralogy of three types of silicate veinlets in the brecciated eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 1109. These include Fe‐rich olivine, Mg‐rich olivine, and pyroxene veinlets. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets mainly infill fractures in pyroxene and also occur along grain boundaries between pyroxene and plagioclase crystals, in both nonequilibrated and equilibrated lithic clasts. The host pyroxene of Fe‐rich olivine veinlets shows large chemical variations between and within grains. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets also contain fine‐grained Fe3+‐bearing chromite, highly calcic plagioclase, merrillite, apatite, and troilite. Based on texture and mineral chemistry, we argue that the formation of Fe‐rich olivine was related to fluid deposition at relatively high temperatures. However, the source of Fe‐rich olivine in the veinlets remains unclear. Magnesium‐rich olivine veinlets were found in three diogenitic lithic clasts. In one of these, the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets only occur in one of the fine‐grained interstitial regions and extend into fractures within surrounding coarse‐grained orthopyroxene. Based on the texture of the interstitial materials, we suggest that the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets formed by shock‐induced localized melting and recrystallization. Pyroxene veinlets were only observed in one clast where they infill fractures within large plagioclase grains and are associated with fine‐grained pyroxene surrounding coarse‐grained pyroxene. The large chemical variations in pyroxene and the fracture‐filling texture indicate that the pyroxene veinlets might also have formed by shock‐induced localized melting and rapid crystallization. Our study demonstrates that silicate veinlets formed by a range of different surface processes on the surface of Vesta. 相似文献
619.
艾万铸 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(2):18-19
人类开发海洋已有几千年的历史了,早期的海洋开发活动仅局限于“兴海盐之利,行舟揖之便”。20世纪60年代开始,海洋开发进入了一个新的发展时期,标志着现代海洋开发阶段的到来。80年代以来,海洋开发更加依靠高新技术,从而进入了新技术革命的新阶段。90年代海洋则进入了全面开发利用和管理海洋的新时期,1990年以来的历次联合国大会都把开发海洋和管理海洋提到了从未有过的高度。 相似文献
620.
Huirong-Anita Ai Joann M. Stock Robert Clayton Bruce Luyendyk 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2008,29(1):13-26
The Manihiki Plateau is an elevated oceanic volcanic plateau that was formed mostly in Early Cretaceous time by hotspot activity.
We analyze new seismic reflection data acquired on cruise KIWI 12 over the High Plateau region in the southeast of the plateau,
to look for direct evidence of the location of the heat source and the timing of uplift, subsidence and faulting. These data
are correlated with previous seismic reflection lines from cruise CATO 3, and with the results at DSDP Site 317 at the northern
edge of the High Plateau. Seven key reflectors are identified from the seismic reflection profiles and the resulting isopach
maps show local variations in thickness in the southeastern part of the High Plateau, suggesting a subsidence (cooling) event
in this region during Late Cretaceous and up to Early Eocene time. We model this as a hotspot, active and centered on the
High Plateau area during Early Cretaceous time in a near-ridge environment. The basement and Early Cretaceous volcaniclastic
layers were formed by subaerial and shallow-water eruption due to the volcanic activity. After that, the plateau experienced
erosion. The cessation of hotspot activity and subsequent heat loss by Late Cretaceous time caused the plateau to subside
rapidly. The eastern and southern portions of the High Plateau were rifted away following the cessation of hot spot activity.
As the southeastern portion of the High Plateau was originally higher and above the calcium carbonate compensation depth,
it accumulated more sediments than the surrounding plateau regions. Apparently coeval with the rapid subsidence of the plateau
are normal faults found at the SE edge of the plateau. Since Early Eocene time, the plateau subsided to its present depth
without significant deformation. 相似文献