某地下寒武统含镍钼多元素黑色岩系的岩石学及地球化学特点

Studies of sedimentology, ore micrascopy and geochemistry have been carried out on a Ni- Mo- multi-element-bearing black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation. Chemical analyses, electronprobe analyses, X-ray powder diffraction methods,optical, spectrographic and DTA techniques and electron photomicrographs arc also used in the research. Conclusive information has been obtained about the mode of occurrence of nickel,molybdenum and other elements, about their distribution within the Niutitang Formation, and about their concentrations in various types of sedimentary rocks. A preliminary discussion is also given to the depositional sequence of the Niutitang Formation as well as to thc controlling factors for the enrichment of these elements. Nickel and molybdenum are mainly enriched in thin-bedded and leuticular bodies within which Pt, Pd, Os, Au, TR, Se, T1, Cu, Zn etc. are also concentrated, showing a complex assemblage of elements and various occurrences. Major ore minerals are vaesite, polydymite, millerite, gersdorffite, jordisite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tennantite.sphalerite. Gold and silver occur as Ag-bearing native gold. Barium is presented as barite. Selenium and thallium are considered to be related to pyrite. Rarc earths, on the other hand, are concentrated in phophorite and phosphorous nodules. The black shales have undergone sedimentation-diagenesis, epigenetie alteration and secondary oxidation. The depositional environment was strongly reducing. Organic materials played a definite part in the formation of siliceous matter, pyrite and some other sulfides. Nickel-molybdenum-multi-element-rich beds are found in the transitional zone from phosphorite to hlae.k siliceous rocks. It is believed that changes in depositional environment are the principal factors controlling the enrichment of the multi-element.     

试论铂族元素地球化学示踪体系

试论铂族元素地球化学示踪体系李胜荣，高振敏，陈南生（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词铂族元素，地球化学示踪，典型配分型式稀土元素作为地球化学示踪剂已为人们所熟知。Ｒｕ、Ｒｈ、Ｐｄ、Ｏｓ、Ｉｒ、Ｐｔ是一组化学和物理性质颇为相似的元素，...     

REE Tetrad Effects in Rare—metal Granites

Described in this paper are the characteristics of tetrad effects of REE in rare-metal granites.Based on the analytical data and experimental geochemical data available,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE in the granites are produced in the metal-fluid system.Intense fractional crystallization of granitic melt(containing REE accessary minerals)and its interaction with volatile-rich(F,Cl)fluid are the major factors leading to the tetrad effects of REE.From this,this paper presents a composite genetic model for high-degree fractional crystallization-volatile-rich fluid metasomatism of rare-metal granites.With the model,quantitative calculations have been made.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE can be used as an important indicator to distinguish mineralized granites from barren ones.     

试论稀土铁建造

Geological and geochemical characteristics of REE iron formation, a term proposed by Prof. Tu Kuang-chih to specify a special type of Precambrian iron formation rich in REE, are discussed in this paper with special reference to its REE contents, REE distribution patterns, model of formation, the relationship between its development and the multistage evolution of terrestrial crust in China, and its role as an indicator of oxidation status for ancient atmosphere. Major conclusions are as follows: (1) REE iron formation is characterized by high REE concentrations as opposed to very low REE level in normal Precambrian iron formations. (2) REE iron formation was resulted from marine sedimentary-diagenetic process in miogeosyncline or intermediate regions during Proterozoic Era. To some extent,volcanic activity may be responsible for the deposition of ore-forming materials. In a broader sense, it belongs to Fe-bearing dolomite formation. On most REE iron formations there may be later mineralizations such as hydrothermo-metasomatisn, migmatitization and metamorphism superimposed. Generally, REE iron formations share common fundamental features with stratabound ore deposits. (3) It is similar to Precambrian iron formation in the enrichment of light REE.But, the degree to LREE is enriched in REE iron formation is noticed to increase with the increase of total REE eontent. Most REE iron formations are characterized hy the high ratios of ∑Ce/∑Y, Mg Fe/Ca, Na/K, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, Ba/Sr, and etc. (4) The widespread occurrence of REE iron formation indicates a higher REE abundance in terrestrial crust of China and adds further support to the multistage theory regarding the chemical element evolution and differentiation in the terrestrial crust of China. (5) Preliminary data seem to support the time dependence of REE pattern and relative Eu content,     

华南花岗岩的稀土元素分布模式

REE. determinations were conducted f or their fractional contents on granitoid rocks in South China, which differ in age, composition and origin by means of chemical-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and instruments! neutron activation analysis technique. Granites under consideration can be divided into three major categories in terms of normalized REE distribution pattern of ehondrite and δEu value: 1. REE distribution pattern is approximately expressed by a smooth eurve,with unremarkable negative Eu anomaly and δEu value greater than 0.5; 2. REE distribution pattern exhibits a moderately remarkable negative Eu anomaly with δEu value in the range of 0.3---0.4; 3. REE distribution pattern gives a greatly remarkable .negative Eu anomaly,with δEu value being less than 0.2. The granites belonging to the first category are mostly older in age and closely connected with geanitization in origin, those to the second category show a number of evidences for their magmatic origin anti those to the third category are especially distinquishable for their characteristic features of later maginatio differentiation and replacement.     

湘南中生代玄武岩类地球化学特征

湘南是有色、稀有及放射性矿产分布的密集区 ,区内玄武岩类在时间、空间和成矿元素含量上与矿床有密切关系 .该地区玄武岩类同位素年龄在 1 98～ 81Ma之间 ,属侏罗纪 白垩纪 ,主要岩石类型包括碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩 ,它们形成于大陆板内构造环境 .微量元素和Sr,Nd ,Pb同位素组成研究表明其地幔源区经历了富集过程 ,这种富集地幔源区 3%～ 5 %的部分融熔形成本区的碱性玄武岩 ,1 0 %～1 5 %的部分融熔形成本区的拉斑玄武岩 .区域地幔的富集作用对湘南大 超大型矿床密集区的形成有重要的意义 .     

新疆北部与邻区超大型矿床成矿背景条件对比研究及前景评估

“新疆北部与邻区超大型矿床成矿背景条件对比研究及前景评估”是“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目８５９０２（新疆“三○五”项目）的专题研究成果,主要由中国科学院广州地球化学研究所、中国科学院地球化学研究和陕西省地矿局区域地质调查队完成。该成果应用了近代地球...     

冀西北与碱性杂岩有关的金矿床的成因探讨

冀西北的东坪、中山沟、后沟等金矿床产于碱性正长岩杂岩体的内外接触带，与岩体有成因联系。矿石为少硫化物型。矿体有三种类型：石英脉型；石英脉＋脉旁蚀变岩型；钾、硅化蚀变岩型。对微量元素、稀土元素及Ｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｃ、Ｏ和Ｓｉ的同位素的研究结果表明，成矿物质主要来源于碱性杂岩体，成矿流体混合热液，成矿时代为燕山期（钾长石Ａｒ－Ａｒ年龄为１５６￣１７７Ｍａ）。矿床为燕山期强烈岩浆活动产生的岩浆水与大气降水作用形     

冀西北水泉沟正长岩杂岩体的成因

水泉沟碱性正长岩杂岩体侵入于太古宇桑干群变质岩中，岩体主要由碱性长石正长岩、角闪碱长正长岩、正长岩、石英碱长正长岩等组成，属碱性岩系列，在岩石的石英颗粒中见有熔融包体的存在。岩石的稀土元素分布模式呈平滑的右倾模式，无明显的铕异常。岩石的Ｐｂ同位素组成为２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１６．４５７～１８．２８６、２０７Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝１５．２７０～１５．４７２、２０８Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ＝３６．５３９～３７．３９３，石英的δ１８Ｏ值为８．０‰～８．５‰，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ≈０．７０５，岩石的ｔＤＭ为１．６～１．９Ｇａ，εＮｄ（ｔ）为－７．４５～－１３．１，明显大于区域基底的εＮｄ（ｔ）值（－２０±）。以上结果表明，岩体为上地幔和下地壳物质部分熔融的产物。岩体角闪石３９Ａｒ－４０Ａｒ年龄３２７Ｍａ，为海西期岩浆作用的产物     

稀有金属花岗岩成因模型的稀土依据

本文所讨论的稀有金属矿化花岗岩包括W、Sn、Nb、Ta和重稀土矿化的花岗岩,通过对华南地区广泛分布的稀有金属花岗岩体稀土元素组成分析,讨论了稀有金属矿化花岗岩的成因机理,并对其形成过程模型进行了模拟计算。 1.稀有金属矿化花岗岩的稀±组成特征 1979年,作者在对华南不同时代、不同成因类型花岗岩类微量元素地球化学进行研究时,曾发现W、Sn、Nb、Ta、Pb等矿化花岗岩与重稀土元素关系密切,在群分析中它们与Y、Yb紧密组合。嗣后,又对其进行了系统的稀土元