兰州马兰黄土的物理力学特性

马兰黄土属水敏感性地质体,在水软化作用下,土体的物理力学与水理性质呈现出明显的规律性。采用不同的原位及室内试验方法,分别在兰州和荷兰尤怀特两地对兰州地区马兰黄土的工程地质性质进行了测试,系统研究了马兰黄土的物理力学特性。在大量黄土试验资料的基础上,对马兰黄土的工程地质特征进行了系统研究,重点论述了马兰黄土水敏感性和抗剪强度的变化规律,提出了马兰黄土的多项临界指标参数。     

新疆哈密三岔口铜矿成因探讨

三岔口铜矿含矿主岩为海西中期石英闪长岩—闪长岩体边缘相石类闪长(玢)岩和英云闪长斑岩。岩体形态简单,西宽东窄。含矿岩石Na_2O(?)K_2O,钙碱指数CA=67,里特曼指数δ=1,属钙性系列。磷灰石几乎不含氯,黄铁矿Co/Ni值为7.9。岩体蚀变弱,呈面状及不规则条带状,不具同心带状。流体包裹体气液比很小,为不饱和的低盐度包裹体。均一温度为150—240℃。该矿应为受断裂裂隙控制的中—低温热液交代-充填型铜矿床,不属斑岩型铜矿。     

兰州分院积极推动地学基金工作

兰州是中国科学院地学研究单位和地学科技人员较集中的一个地区,在石油地质、冰川冻土、高原气象、沙漠化防治等研究领域拥有较强的科研实力和一定特色。兰州分院作为中国科学院的派出机构,近几年积极发挥计划管理的组织、协调作用,促进地学单位积极争取基金项目、加强基金项目的管理,取得了一定成效。其主要做法是:     

浅谈煤田勘查中的地质研究工作

众所周知,地质科学是一门探索性很强的科学。对地质体的认识需要经过多次的反复,即是提交了精查地质报告,也并不意味着认识的结束,在建井和开采过程中,还要不断地去认识、去研究。 通过地质勘查和矿井开采的实践表明,在勘查过程中,只有加强地质综合研究,才能对煤矿床的赋存规律得出比较客观实际的认识,才能正确指导勘探工程的布置,以取得较好的地质效果和经济效益。相反,虽有足够的勘探工程,如果,地质综合研究不够,也会得出错误的结论,造成不良后果。     

Crossover from a pseudogap state to a superconducting state

This paper deduces that the particular electronic structure of cuprate superconductors confines Cooper pairs to be first formed in the antinodal region which is far from the Fermi surface, and these pairs are incoherent and result in the pseudogap state. With the change of doping or temperature, some pairs are formed in the nodal region which locates the Fermi surface, and these pairs are coherent and lead to superconductivity. Thus the coexistence of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap is explained when the two kinds of gaps are not all on the Fermi surface. It also shows that the symmetry of the pseudogap and the superconducting gap are determined by the electronic structure, and non-s wave symmetry gap favours the high-temperature superconductivity. Why the high-temperature superconductivity occurs in the metal region near the Mott metal-insulator transition is also explained.     

Seasonal variations of the near surfacelayer parameters over the Antarctic ice sheet in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica

Analysis of sensible heat flux(Qh),latent heat flux(Qe),Richardson number(Ri),bulk transport coefficient(Cd) and katabatic winds are presented by using the meteorological data in the near surface layer from an automatic weather station(AWS) in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica ice sheet and the data of corresponding period at Zhongshan station in 2002.It shows that annual mean air temperature at LGB69 is-25.6°C,which is 16.4°C lower than that at Zhongshan,where the elevation is lower and located on the coast.The temperature lapse rate is about 1.0°C/110 m for the initial from coast to inland.The turbulence heat flux at LGB69 displays obvious seasonal variations with the average sensible heat flux-17.9 W/m2 and latent heat flux-0.9 W/m2.The intensity(Qh Qe) of coolling source is-18.8 W/m2 meaning the snow surface layer obtains heat from atmosphere.The near surface atmosphere is near-neutral stratified with bulk transport coefficients(Cd) around 2.8×10-3,and it is near constant when the wind speed higher than 8 m/s.The speed and the frequency of easterly Katabatic winds at LGB69 were higher than that at Zhongshan Station.     

介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理，由卫星信号传播，信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差；给出了多种快速高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则，列出了将WGS－84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法，供读者在GPS工作中参考。     

青藏块体东北缘断层气体异常与地震的关系

本文研究了青藏块体东北缘４个测点断层气体的异常变化与地震活动的关系。１９９２年－１９９３年各测点断层气组分普遍出现异常，主要表现为测值突跳、上升变化，各测点及各组份异常有明显的同步性特征。本文着重介绍了１９９３年１０月２６日托来６．０级地震前多观测点断层气体的异常情况。最后，本文还对断层气体的场效应作了初步探讨。     

断层气定点观测主要影响因素的研究

本文对干旱地区５个断层气观测点２－３年的观测资料与同时段气象因素，用数学方法进行对比、分析。初步结构表明，气温是断层气的观测主要影响因素。本文还对气温影响地下气体逸出的机理进行了讨论。     

土样微观结构研究中的样品制备技术

在土的微观结构研究中,样品是否能完全反映实际结构特征,在很大程度上取决于样品的制备技术。也就是说,在样品制备时必须原封不动地保存它原来的结构特征。不论是扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜还是X-射线衍射,土的样品都需要事先除去孔隙液体