信息向量机、相关向量机和支持向量机在机载LiDAR点云数据分类中的应用

机载LiDAR点云数据分类技术是LiDAR数据后处理的关键步骤。信息向量机、相关向量机及支持向量机可以在LiDAR点云数据分类中发挥重要作用。本文将三种分类器应用到点云数据分类中,通过实验验证了它们在点云数据分类中的性能,总结了它们在点云数据分类任务中的应用潜力。     

舟山沿海经济虾类及其区系特点

本文报告了舟山沿海经济虾类47种。其中9种为渔业生产的主要对象,4种大型个体对虾在养殖上有一定意义,特别是斑节对虾、短沟对虾和长毛对虾最近几年的出现,在海洋学研究上应予注意。舟山沿海虾类以暖水性种类占优势,其南北沿海虾类成分组成显著不同,北部渗入了少量冷水性虾类,南部则有大量暖水性种类。显然,印度-西太平洋虾类区系在舟山沿海已临近分布北界。     

编制河南省一个山前平原农田灌溉水文地质图的初步经验

一、利用群众打井资料编图的好处近年来,我国华北、西北等主要农业地区,在进行抗旱保丰收的斗争中,开展了大规模的群众性打井运动,在大量开发和利用地下水灌溉农田方面,取得了巨大的成绩和丰富的经验。为了更好地解决这些地区利用地下水灌溉的问题,首先须要摸清地下水的分布特     

西部荒漠地区的湿地和水禽多样性

我国西部荒漠地区约有自然和人工湿地 96 180km2 ,这些湿地按成因分为断层陷落积水成湿地 ,冰川湖湿地 ,地下水浅出湿地 ,灌溉退水湿地和人工湿地。栖息着《湿地公约》规定的水禽 14 2种 ,占我国水禽种数的5 4 .8% ,其中繁殖种类 74种 ,占 5 2 .1%。列入国家野生动物重点保护名录的 2 6种 ,占 18.3% ,占我国列入保护名录水禽种数的 5 0 .0 %。列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的 12种 ,占 8.4 % ;列入《中日候鸟及其栖息环境保护协定》的 84种 ,占 5 9.2 %。荒漠地区湿地对水禽迁徙、繁殖、越冬有着特殊重要的作用。自然环境改变 ,尤其气候变干旱和人类活动严重影响着荒漠地区湿地的存在 ,对水禽的物种多样性和种群数量产生了强烈影响。应加强荒漠地区湿地保护     

地下水资源系统模糊管理模型及计算方法

在研究解决地下水资源系统管理问题时．通常没有考虑人在思维和行动上所具有的模糊性，没有或很少顾及和采纳、运用决策者或领域专家的知识、经验和创造性，所获得的研究成果实用性效差，很难为生产部门或决策部门采纳和运用．本文利用模糊数学规划的理论和方法，分析和研究地下水资源系统的模糊管理问题，建立模糊管理模型，提出一种模糊分步线性规划方法．实例计算、分析表明，所建立的模型和提出的方法是有效的和实用的．     

南海北部莺-琼盆地典型重力流沉积特征与物源体系

简述了莺-琼盆地横向沉积分布、纵向沉积序列、动态沉积过程,以及浅海重力流的沉积特征与形成机制。南海北部莺歌海盆地黄流组发育了浅海背景下的大型重力流沉积,琼东南盆地发育了半深海沉积环境下的陵水组、三亚组、梅山组海底扇。其中浅海重力流沉积的主要特征体现在:①沉积规模大小不等,且展布形态存在较大差异; ②海平面变化造成沉积特征的复杂性和多变性; ③浅海重力流沉积通常不具备扇体亚相分异; ④浅海重力流的水道沉积砂体迁移快、堆积厚,表现为水道富集且多期次叠加。莺-琼盆地物源演化与对比揭示了源-汇过程及不同物源输入的动态时空变化,主控因素包括物源供给、相对海平面变化、差异沉降、古地貌(古坡折及坡度)等。      

近年来人类活动影响下长江河口的变化模式

To evaluate the controlling factors for coastline change of the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary since 1974,we extracted the mean high tide line from multi-temporal remote sensing images that span from 1974 to 2014 at 2-year intervals.We chose 42 scenes to constrain the changing pattern of the Changjiang Estuary coastline,and implemented GIS technology to analyze the area change of the Changjiang(Yangtze) Subaerial Delta.Runoff,sediment discharge and coastal engineering were withal considered in the analysis of the coastline changes.The coastline has transgressed seaward since 1974,and a part of it presents inter-annual variations.The area of the Changjiang Subaerial Delta increased by 871 km2,with a net accretion rate of 21.8 km2/a.Based on the change of sediment discharge due to the major projects in the Changjiang River Basin,we divided the changing pattern of the coastline into three stages:the slow accretion stage(1974–1986),the moderate accretion stage(1987–2002),and the rapid accretion stage(2003–2014).Liner regression analysis illustrated that there is a significantly positive correlation between the area changes and sediment discharge in the Chongming Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha.This suggested that sediment load has a fundamental effect on the evolution of the Changjiang Estuary.Construction of Deep Waterway in the North Passage of the Changjiang River(1998–2010) led to a rapid accretion in the Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha by influencing the hydrodynamics in North Passage.Coastal engineering such as reclamation and harbor construction can also change the morphology of the Changjiang Estuary.We defined a contribution rate of area change to assess the impact of reclamation on the evolution of Changjiang Estuary.It turned out that more than 45.3% of area increment of the Changjiang Estuary was attributed to reclamation.     

苏北滨海湿地互花米草潮滩CO2,CH4和N2O通量的日变化规律

The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function.Yet,limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions,including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget.In this study,we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_2),methane(CH_4),and nitrous oxide(N2O) from a S.alterniflora intertidal flat in June,October,and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer,autumn,winter,and spring seasons,respectively.We found that the average CH_4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise.The tidal flat of S.alterniflora acted as a source of CH_4 in summer(June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons.We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO_2 and N_2O fluxes during the growing season(1 536.5 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 25.6 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) compared with those measured in the non-growing season(379.1 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 16.5 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)).The mean fluxes of CH_4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October.The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO_2 in June and N_2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April.However,two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO_2 and N_2O fluxes(prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April,respectively).The highest diurnal variation in the N_2O fluxes took place at 15:00(86.4 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) in June with an unimodal distribution.Water logging in October increased the emission of CO_2(especially at nighttime),yet decreased N_2O and CH_4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases.The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH_4 and CO_2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures,whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N_2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature.When N_2O and CH_4 fluxes were converted to CO_2-e equivalents,the emissions of N_2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming.The mean daily flux(MF) and total daily flux(TDF) were higher in the growing season,nevertheless,the MF and TDF of CO_2 were higher in October and those of CH_4 and N_2O were higher in June.In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period,our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.