关于新时代自然资源工作使命的思考

正按照《深化党和国家机构改革方案》要求,自然资源部正式组建,这无疑是我国自然资源管理体制的重大变革。我们要站在历史和全局的战略高度,把握新时代自然资源工作的新任务新要求,不负重托、不辱使命。那么,自然资源部究竟担负什么职能,这些职能背后的实践基础、理论根据和法理逻辑是什么,的确值得探究。     

“天后”妈祖

<正>妈祖,又称天妃、天后、天上圣母、娘妈,封号"辅兜昭孝纯正灵应孚济护国庇民妙灵昭应弘仁普济天妃",是历代船工、海员、旅客、商人和渔民共同信奉的神祇。山东沿海渔民普遍称其为"海神娘娘",山东最东端的部分渔民把渔船归航称为"归山",因此把天后也称作"归山娘娘"。古代在海上航行经常受到风浪的袭击而船沉人亡,为了祈求平     

浦岛太郎

<正>日本是一个四面环海的岛国,海洋在这个国家的历史、文化中烙下了深刻的印记,在日本流传着许多和大海有关的传说,其中最耳熟能详的算得上是浦岛太郎和龙宫的传说。传说在古时候有一个渔夫名叫浦岛太郎,他很穷,却总是很快乐,心地非常善良,他每天都划船出海,以钓鱼为生。平日里喜欢对着大海幻想,幻想自己能够变成一条海鱼在海底游弋;或者变成一只海鸥在海面上翱翔。有一天浦岛太郎出海回来,看到海边沙滩上有一群孩子在喧闹,原来他们逮住了一只小海龟,正在戏弄。浦岛太郎赶走了淘气的孩     

探索一条符合中国实际的乡村振兴之路——浙江省农村全域土地综合整治的实践与前瞻

正近年来,浙江省深入实施"千村示范万村整治"工程,积极推进全域土地综合整治试点工作,有力推动了美丽乡村建设。《浙江日报》2018年7月16日刊发陈铁雄同志的《开展全域土地综合整治助推乡村振兴战略实施——关于我省农村开展全域土地综合整治的调研报告》(以下简称《调研报告》),系统阐述了浙江农村全域土地综合整治试点成果、面临问题和对策措施,展示了这一制度创新的巨大潜力和广阔前景。可以     

简谈Y361型区域自动气象站的维护维修

为保证区域自动气象观测站的正常运行,确保区域自动气象站能实时提供连续、可靠的气象观测资料。文章介绍了主采集器为HY361型区域自动气象站的主要组成,描述了HY361型主采集器、6要素传感器的工作原理及部分技术要点,全面介绍了区域站各组成部分的日常维护方法及注意事项,对区域站“全部或部分数据缺测”故障原因、分析思路、维修测量方法、判断依据等作了比较详细、准确的阐述。     

利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.     

基于微卫星(SSR)分子标记的中国对虾渤海湾增殖亲虾群体及回捕群体的遗传多样性分析

Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed.     

气象因子对半冬性小麦灌浆速度的影响效应研究

选用黄淮海冬麦区4个半冬性小麦品种郯麦98、山农18、徐麦33、皖麦52为试验材料,通过分期播种试验,利用方差分析、相关分析、逐步回归和通径分析等方法,分析半冬性小麦籽粒灌浆速度变化趋势和气象因子对灌浆速度的影响。结果表明,正常播期冬小麦灌浆速度波动性最小、千粒重最大,迟播10 d冬小麦灌浆速度波动性最大、千粒重最小;华北区品种郯麦98灌浆速度表现最稳定、千粒重最高,而黄淮区品种皖麦52灌浆速度最大;半冬性小麦灌浆持续期为35～39 d;南北气候差异是影响各品种冬小麦灌浆速度不同的原因之一。半冬性小麦各播期灌浆速度的变化趋势一致,灌浆速度变化与相关显著气象因子的变化规律相符合;灌浆速度峰值期一般出现在开花后15～25 d,迟播冬小麦最大灌浆速度出现时间较对照处理提前,不利于提高粒重;气温条件对冬小麦灌浆速度影响显著,其中最高气温要素是影响不同播期品种灌浆速度的共有关键因子。通径分析表明,最高气温对灌浆速度的作用由自身的直接效应决定,而日照时数与最低气温对灌浆速度的作用与间接效应一致;最高气温平均值对灌浆速度的影响最重要,日照时数和最低气温平均值对灌浆速度的影响较弱;最高和最低气温平均值、日照时数均为灌浆速度的限制因子,其中最高气温平均值对灌浆速度变化的决策作用最大。     

码头火乱——亲历霍博肯码头大火

1900年6月30日，星期天，晴空万里，灿烂的阳光洒在平静的海面上，让人心旷神怡。每年这个时候，我都会选择远离曼哈顿的喧嚣，去欧洲度过一个悠闲的假期，今年也不例外。     

内陆碱化湿地土壤有机质和全磷的时空分布特征

以付老文泡湿地为研究对象,分析了内陆碱化湿地土壤有机质和全磷含量的时空分布特征。研究结果表明7月表层土壤有机质和全磷空间分布格局的异质性高于亚表层,而9月亚表层土壤则呈现出较高的异质性。2采样期内有机质和全磷含量均呈现由表层向下呈减少趋势,除9月土壤有机质外,上下土壤层内的有机质和全磷含量均存在显著性差异。湿地全磷随土壤有机质增加呈幂函数增长变化。湿地土壤有机质和全磷随土壤水分含量增加均呈对数衰减变化,但土壤有机质和全磷随pH值增加则分别呈现指数和幂函数衰减变化。