非线性科学在地球科学中的应用

本文介绍了耗散结构理论、分形理论和混沌理论等非线性科学在地球科学中的研究进展,分析了非线性科学在地球科学中的地位和作用,探讨了将非线性科学引入地球科学的途径和方法。     

长沙仪器厂滑坡的特征与防治措施

该文根据详细野外工程地质勘探,论述了长沙仪器厂滑坡的特征,对它的形成提出了定性分析结果,同时还对其稳定性作了评价,最后提出了对应的防治措施。     

济阳坳陷上第三系的沉积特征及沉积相的纵向演化规律

本文根据岩性特征、沉积构造、砂体厚度和测井曲线特征等资料，对4口岩心井进行了沉积相分析，详细研究了不同时期的河流类型及沉积相的演化规律，从而认为济阳凹陷上第三系沉积大体经历了3个阶段：早期的冲积扇一辫状河阶段，中期的辫状河一低弯度曲流河阶段及晚期的高弯度曲流河阶段，同时分析了不同砂体的油气储集性能。     

济阳坳陷上第三系馆陶组上段沉积相研究

利用地质资料、测井资料、地震资料及分析化验资料对济阳坳陷上第三系馆陶组上段岩相古地理特征进行了全面系统地研究。首先从岩性、沉积结构和构造、砂体形态、电性特征、地震反射等方面论证馆陶组上段为山麓洪积相和河流相沉积，其中它们又可进一步细分为10种亚相或微相。其次，详细论述了沉积相的平面展布，同时还指出了油气分布与沉积相带的关系。此外，本文还指出馆陶组上段沉积期的物源方向、河流流向、最终汇水区及当时的古气候条件等。     

渭河下游咸阳-草滩段河谷沉积对构造活动的响应

渭河下游咸阳-草滩段河道位于西安凹陷向临潼隆起的过渡区,发育河漫滩和T₁～T₃阶地,渭河断裂隐伏于河道北岸。文章对渭河北岸河谷地貌和地层剖面进行了观测和年代学样品的测试,并对跨渭河断裂的系列钻探中的2个深150m的钻孔岩芯进行了年代学样品测试和地层对比。河谷区地层年代测定表明,渭河北岸在距今约10万年前为风成黄土堆积环境,大致在2.5万年以来开始了最新一期的河道沉积。钻孔岩芯揭露的多个黄土-河流冲积的沉积旋回显示第四纪时期渭河河道经历了多次的南北向摆动。受临潼隆起的影响,咸阳-草滩段晚第四纪河谷沉积自西向东厚度明显减薄。通过对渭河断裂两侧钻孔柱状图的对比,认为渭河断裂0.04～0.05m/ka垂向差异运动速率低于河流0.15～0.24m/ka沉积速率,是渭河断裂隐伏于河谷中的原因。     

河南嵩县栗子沟金矿地质地球特征及成因讨论

栗子沟金矿的成矿物质来源为混合源,NE向及NW向断裂构造为成矿提供了矿质运移通道,破碎蚀变带则为矿质的沉淀,富集提供了储矿空间.栗子沟金矿的成因类型属于中-低温热液充填型金矿.     

东昆仑西段黑山构造蛇绿岩带特征

通过对黑山构造蛇绿岩中基性火山岩、基-超基性岩的岩石组合及其岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素等特征研究认为:黑山构造蛇绿岩带是祁漫塔格结合带重要物质组分,是在加里东晚期板块俯冲-碰撞过程中逐渐演化形成的,区域上与那棱格勒构造带相连,是柴达木陆块与东昆北陆块的分界断裂。通过同位素地质年龄研究认为该蛇绿岩形成于南华—奥陶纪,构造就位于志留纪—早中泥盆世。对东昆仑构造演化提供了重要新资料。指出黑山构造蛇绿岩以北的祁漫塔格地区(柴达木陆块)发育与岩浆岩、变质岩有关的铜、钨、钛、铁等与热液、区域变质有关的内生矿产;以南的库木库里盆地发育砂砾岩型铜矿、砂金、石膏和石盐等外生矿产。     

渤海海冰微波散射特性研究

Microwave remote sensing has become the primary means for sea-ice research, and has been supported by a great deal of field experiments and theoretical studies regarding sea-ice microwave scattering. However, these studies have been barely carried in the Bohai Sea. The sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism was first developed for the thin sea ice with slight roughness in the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2012, and included the backscattering coefficients which were measured on the different conditions of three bands(L, C and X), two polarizations(HH and VV), and incident angles of 20° to 60°, using a ground-based scatterometer and the synchronous physical parameters of the sea-ice temperature, density, thickness, salinity, and so on. The theoretical model of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering is obtained based on these physical parameters. The research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering mechanism is carried out through two means, which includes the comparison between the field microwave scattering data and the simulation results of the theoretical model, as well as the feature analysis of the four components of the sea-ice electromagnetic scattering. It is revealed that the sea-ice microwave scattering data and the theoretical simulation results vary in the same trend with the incident angles. Also, there is a visible variant in the sensitivity of every component to the different bands.For example, the C and X bands are sensitive to the top surface, the X band is sensitive to the scatterers, and the L and C bands are sensitive to the bottom surface, and so on. It is suggested that the features of the sea-ice surfaces and scatterers can be retrieved by the further research in the future. This experiment can provide an experimental and theoretical foundation for research regarding the sea-ice microwave scattering characteristics in the Bohai Sea.     

黄海海域前第三系及油气勘探

黄海位于西太平洋构造域，由中朝地块和扬子地块及其相邻的褶皱带构成，印支运动以来，形成了前第三系克拉通，裂陷和走滑-拉分等叠合的残留盆地，研究认为，黄海前第三系及其残留盆地评价要解决两个关键问题：其一，确定残留盆地的分布及其边界；其二，在恢复原型盆地（包括剥蚀量的恢复）的前提下，进行盆地埋藏史，成烃聚集史的成藏动力学和含油气系统分析，然后进行前第三系的评价勘探，以提高油气勘探的成功率。