应用复杂性-非线性理论开展成矿预测——奇异性理论-广义自相似性-分形谱系多重分形理论与应用

本文应用 “奇异性-广义自相似性-分形谱系”为核心的多重分形现代成矿预测理论与模型开展了云南兰坪、个旧等地区的成矿过程模拟与矿产资源定量评价。文中介绍了作为非线性、复杂性理论的重要领域之一的多重分形理论如何应用与矿产资源定量评价中，所涉及的“奇异性-广义自相似性-分形谱系”等概念和相关的模型能够合理地描述成矿系统、成矿过程、成矿富集规律、矿产资源时空分布，还提供了定量模拟和识别成矿异常（地质、地球物理、地球化学、遥感异常）的有效模型和实用方法。将多重分形原理与成矿过程、矿产资源分布规律、矿产资源信息获取研究相结合，可形成具有良好应用前景的现代成矿预测理论与模型。采用该多重分形矿产资源预测理论和在此基础上所开发的专用地学非线性空间信息GeoDAS GIS技术，对国内外多个金属成矿区带进行了矿产资源勘查与评价,均取得了较理想的预测效果。文中将以该理论方法在云南省多个地区开展矿产品定量预测的实例来说明该理论体系和方法技术的有效性和可行性。     

P-A分形模型定量度量糜棱岩变形过程中石英微结构的变化

定量度量动力变质作用下组成糜棱岩矿物颗粒的不规则变化是一项挑战性的研究.以基于GIS的PA(周长-面积)模型定量地描述糜棱岩中具自相似性石英形态的不规则变化.研究实例是苏格兰西北地区Moine逆冲断裂带前缘变质程度不同的5种类型的糜棱岩.石英是糜棱岩的主要矿物成分,其镜下的显微图片经扫描转换成数字图像,再通过GIS技术转换成矢量图,并计算出每颗石英的周长和面积.研究结果表明,随变质程度的增加,其PA分形维数分别从1.20、1.28、1.38、1.46,逐步增加到1.60.这表明,随变质程度的增加,变形程度与动态重结晶作用加强,石英颗粒从规则到不规则.     

多重分形与地质统计学方法 用于勘查地球化学异常空间结构和奇异性分析

勘查地球化学和地球物理场的局部空间结构变化性应包括空间自相关性以及奇异性 .前者可通过地质统计学中常用的变异函数来实现 ;后者可用多重分形模型进行刻划 .具有自相似性或统计自相似性的多重分形分布 (multifractaldistributions)的奇异性 (α)可以反映地球化学元素在岩石等介质中的局部富集和贫化规律 .而多重分形插值和估计方法可以同时度量以上两种局部结构性质 (空间自相关性以及奇异性 ) ,因而 ,它不仅能够进行空间数据插值 ,同时还能保持和增强数据的局部结构信息 ,这对于地球化学和地球物理异常分析和识别是有益的 .应用该方法处理加拿大NovaScotia省西南部湖泊沉积物地球化学砷等元素数据表明 ,地球化学数据的局部奇异性在该区能够反映局部金和钨 -锡 -铀矿化蚀变带或岩相变化以及构造交汇等局部成矿有利部位 .     

Identification of Geochemical Anomaly by Multifractal Analysis

The separation of anomalies from geochemical background is an important part of data analysis because lack of such identifications might have profound influence on or even distort the final analysis results. In this article, 1 672 geochemical analytical data of 11 elements, including Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, and others, from a region within Tibet, South China, are used as one example. Together with the traditional anomaly recognition method of using the iterative mean ±2σ, local multifractality theory has been utilized to delineate the ranges of geochemical anomalies of the elements. To different degrees, on the basis of original data mapping, C-A fractal analysis and singularity exponents, Sn differs from the other 10 elements. Moreover, geochemical mapping results based on values of the multifractal asymmetry index for all elements delineate the highly anomalous area. Similar to other 10 elements, the anomalous areas of Sn delineated by the asymmetry index distribute along the main structure orientations. According to the asymmetry indexes, the 11 elements could be classified into 3 groups: (1) Ag and Au, (2) As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo, and (3) Sn-Bi-W.This paragenetic association of elements can be used to interpret possible origins of mineralization, which is in agreement with petrological analysis and field survey results.     

Magmatic-Hydrothermal Superlarge Metallogenic Systems A Case Study of the Nannihu Ore Field

Located in the Qinling (秦玲) molybdenum metallogenic belt on the southern margin of North China craton, the Nannihu (南泥湖) molybdenum (-tungsten) ore field, consisting of the Nannihu, Sandaozhuang (三道幢), and Shangfang (上房) deposits, represents a superlarge skarn-porphyry molybdenum (-tungsten) accumulation. Outside the ore field, there are some hydrothermal lead-zinc-silver deposits found in recent years, for example, the Lengshuibeigou (冷水北沟), Ylndonggou (银洞沟), Yangshuwa (杨树凹), and Yinhegou (银河沟) deposits. Ore-forming fluid geochemistry indicates that these deposits belong to the same metallogenie system. The hydrothermal solutions were mainly derived from primary magmatic water in the early stage and from the mixture of the primary magmatic water and meteoric water in the later stage, with an obvious decreasing tendency in temperature, salinity and gas-liquid ratio of fluid inclusions. Sulfur and lead isotope data show that the ore-forming substances and related porphyries were mainly derived from the lower crust, and a hidden magmatic chamber is indicated by aeromagnetle anomaly and drill hole data indicate that the Nannihu granite body extends to being larger and larger with depth increasing. The large-scale mineralization was the consequence of lithospheric extension during the late stage of the tectonic regime when the main compressional stress changed from NS-trending to-EW trending.     

Monte-Carlo Method for Coalbed Methane Resource Assessment in Key Coal Mining Areas of China

Monte-Carlo method is used for estimating coalbed methane (CBM) resources in key coal mining areas of China. Monte-Carlo method is shown to be superior to the traditional volumetric method with constant parameters in the calculation of CBM resources. The focus of the article is to introduce the main algorithm and the realization of functions estimated by Monte-Carlo method, including selection of parameters, determination of distribution function, generation of pseudo-random numbers, and evaluation of the parameters corresponding to pseudo-random numbers. A specified software on the basis of Monte-Carlo method is developed using Visual C++ for the assessment of the CBM resources. A case study shows that calculation results using Monte-Carlo method have smaller error range in comparison with those using volumetric method.     

多重分形方法在涡旋遥感信息处理提取中的应用研究

目前提取遥感影像中的涡旋信息主要用边缘探测技术,例如Canny算子和Hough算子等,然而由于涡旋信息和遥感影像本身的复杂性和模糊性,用传统的方法不能取得理想的提取结果.基于多重分形技术,利用海洋涡旋信息的物理特征时空形态的自相似性来提取涡旋,用NASA MODIS,Sea WiFS和NOAA在典型海区如边界流的卫星影像进行试验,研究结果表明,用多重分形方法获取的涡旋信息非常有利于对海洋涡旋的深刻认识和分析研究.     

胶东和鲁西金矿床空间分布分形差异及对金来源的启示

胶东和鲁西地体发育大量的中生代金矿床,其金元素的来源一直是学术界争论的焦点,可能的来源方式为：交代岩石圈地幔、前寒武纪变质基底和中生代二长花岗岩。为了进一步厘定金的来源,文章从金的富集阶段模式和金矿床是金元素超常富集地质体的思想出发,运用金矿床的空间分布数据和空间分析的分形地质统计方法,进行了研究。研究结果发现,胶东金矿床（N=823）具有一阶段的空间分形分布模式,其分形维数α=0.726,具有单一来源或单一成因的特征;结合前人研究和克拉通破坏和西太平洋俯冲的地质背景,推断胶东金元素极有可能是单一的交代岩石圈地幔来源;而胶东地体西侧鲁西地体中发育的金矿床（N=139）则具有二阶段的空间分形分布模式,其分形维数分别为α1=1.630和α2=0.850,具有2种金元素来源或2种成因类型的特征,可能分别对应着早前寒武纪变质岩及韧性剪切带有关金矿床和晚中生代岩浆活动有关金矿床空间分布的分形维数,后者的值与胶东地体的分形维数相近,结合前人研究,推测鲁西部分金矿床来源于交代岩石圈地幔的贡献,另一部分则可能来自于花岗质岩浆。     

地球化学场及其在隐伏矿体三维预测中的作用

本文从物理学"场论"的角度介绍了地球化学场的概念,并从场源、场作用及地球化学指标分布三个基本要素出发阐述了地球化学场的扩散、对流-扩散的动力学机制。首先,按照采样介质,将地球化学场分为原生的岩石地球化学场,以及次生的土壤、水系沉积物、水文和气体地球化学场,描述了组成各类地球化学场的要素。其次,将地球化学场的分析方法概括为静态的空间结构分析和动态的时空结构分析两种,提出要以场的动力学机制为基础,利用地球物理学中的正、反演理论来研究四维时空中地球化学场的发展和演化。最后,探讨了地球化学场时空结构分析与三维地学模拟两者之间彼此补充和相互验证的关系,三维地学模拟构建的场源及空间介质模型,为地球化学场的正、反演提供了初始条件,地球化学场反演的结果又可用来修正三维地质模型;探讨了地球化学场与大数据分析技术间的关系,即采用大数据的"数据驱动"的思路来挖掘其与多元地学数据之间的隐性联系,探索其与成矿过程的关联性。地球化学场与三维地学模拟、大数据分析技术的结合将为隐伏矿体三维预测中地下成矿物质的分布和演化提供依据。